生物學消化過程測驗

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Questions and Answers

機械消化的過程包括哪些物理動作？

咀嚼食物和胃內攪拌 (correct)

消化酶分解食物

腸道蠕動和膽鹽乳化 (correct)

顆粒食物直接被吸收

以下哪一項不是化學消化的特點？

由機械動作完成 (correct)

生成可被吸收的小分子

水解複雜食物

利用消化酶的作用

唾液的功能主要是？

分解蛋白質

消化澱粉 (correct)

促進食物攝取

乳化脂肪

什麼是胺基酸的來源？

蛋白質的降解 Signup and view all the answers

以下哪項正確描述了化學消化的過程？

將食物分解為小的可溶分子 Signup and view all the answers

膽鹽在小腸中的作用是？

乳化脂質 Signup and view all the answers

以下哪種酶負責將碳水化合物分解為單糖？

淀粉酶 Signup and view all the answers

在消化的過程中，產品何時能被腸道吸收？

化學消化產物 Signup and view all the answers

小腸的結構特徵如何幫助食物的吸收？

薄的上皮能加速擴散。 Signup and view all the answers

絨毛上的微絨毛的主要作用是什麼？

增加表面積以提高食物吸收率。 Signup and view all the answers

為何小腸的絨毛有助於維持陡峭的濃度梯度？

因為其網絡能迅速運送已吸收食物。 Signup and view all the answers

小腸表面積增大的好處主要是為了什麼？

增加食物的消化速率。 Signup and view all the answers

小腸的薄上皮層對吸收過程有何影響？

縮短了物質擴散的距離。 Signup and view all the answers

食物在消化道內是如何被推進至肛門的？

縱肌放鬆，環肌收縮，管腔收窄 Signup and view all the answers

為什麼食物需要經過消化才能進入循環系統？

因為食物的分子太大且複雜 Signup and view all the answers

蠕動的主要功能是什麼？

將食物與消化液混合，加快消化 Signup and view all the answers

在食物向前運動的過程中，食團的前端發生了什麼？

環肌放鬆，縱肌收縮，管腔擴張 Signup and view all the answers

哪些分子可以直接被身體吸收？

單糖、維他命、礦物質和水 Signup and view all the answers

什麼是蠕動的本質特徵？

有節奏的波浪式動作 Signup and view all the answers

消化道壁的肌肉是如何協同工作的？

環肌和縱肌的收縮有規律地交替進行 Signup and view all the answers

消化過程中，食物最終會轉變成什麼形式以便進入循環系統？

細小、簡單和可溶的分子 Signup and view all the answers

乳齒和恆齒的主要區別是什麼？

乳齒的總數為20顆 Signup and view all the answers

吞嚥過程中，食團進入食道的先決條件是什麼？

軟腭推高以封閉鼻腔 Signup and view all the answers

在吞嚥之前，舌頭的作用是什麼？

將食物與唾液混合 Signup and view all the answers

恆齒中位於最後的臼齒是什麼？

智慧齒 Signup and view all the answers

食物在消化道中的運動是透過哪種方式進行的？

蠕動 Signup and view all the answers

在吞嚥過程中，哪個部位會覆蓋氣管的開口？

喉部 Signup and view all the answers

乳齒中缺少哪種牙齒？

前臼齒 Signup and view all the answers

在吞嚥過程中，舌頭的主要功能是什麼？

形成食團 Signup and view all the answers

食物在大腸內的主要作用是什麼？

吸收水分和部分礦物質及維生素 Signup and view all the answers

盲腸在人體內的功能是什麼？

幾乎沒有明顯的功能 Signup and view all the answers

在小腸內，食物的吸收主要發生在哪裡？

回腸的絨毛 Signup and view all the answers

碳酸氫鈉在消化過程中主要的作用是什麼？

中和酸性環境 Signup and view all the answers

當食物通過小腸後，消化的狀態是什麼？

基本完成 Signup and view all the answers

草食性動物的盲腸功能為何特別明顯？

因其能儲存大量未消化的纖維素 Signup and view all the answers

以下哪項不是小腸的適應用於食物吸收的結構特徵？

長度適中 Signup and view all the answers

消化酶的作用主要在小腸中，以下哪種選項描述了正確的消化過程？

澱粉轉化為單糖 Signup and view all the answers

糞便在排出體外之前的儲存地是什麼？

直腸 Signup and view all the answers

消化液的主要功能是什麼？

分解食物成分 Signup and view all the answers

小腸中所有消化酶中哪一種與澱粉的消化有關？

澱粉酶 Signup and view all the answers

小腸的鹼性環境對消化的影響是什麼？

促進消化酶的功能 Signup and view all the answers

最終大腸的水分吸收會影響什麼？

糞便的形成和性質 Signup and view all the answers

結腸和直腸不涉及哪一種功能？

蛋白質的消化 Signup and view all the answers

小腸吸收水份的主要途徑是透過什麼方式？

滲透 Signup and view all the answers

為什麼澱粉無法透過透析管進入周圍的水中？

澱粉粒子太大 Signup and view all the answers

唾液中的哪種酵素負責將澱粉消化成小的麥芽糖分子？

唾液澱粉酶 Signup and view all the answers

在模擬消化和吸收的實驗中，透析管的用途是什麼？

模擬腸道中的動作 Signup and view all the answers

當小腸吸收已消化食物後，腸腔內的水勢會發生什麼變化？

增加 Signup and view all the answers

在進行對照實驗時，為什麼應該使用煮沸的唾液？

以排除酵素的影響 Signup and view all the answers

在實驗中，為什麼沒有發現澱粉而只發現還原糖？

澱粉不能穿過透析管 Signup and view all the answers

PVC膠管能否用於模擬小腸吸收的對照實驗？

不可以，因為它不透過性 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutrition in Humans

Humans require nutrients for life maintenance.
Nutrition is the process of obtaining and using nutrients for life.
Nutrition methods vary among organisms. Humans are heterotrophs relying on other organisms for food.

Digestion and Absorption

Ingestion is the intake of food into the mouth and subsequent alimentary canal.
Digestion breaks down food into smaller, simpler, soluble molecules for absorption.
Mechanical digestion involves physical processes like chewing and churning
Chemical digestion involves enzymes for breaking down larger molecules.
- Carbohydrates are digested into simple sugars.
- Proteins are digested into peptides and amino acids.
- Lipids are digested into fatty acids and glycerol.
Absorption occurs through the alimentary canal wall into the circulatory system.
The absorbed nutrients are then transported throughout the body.
Assimilation is the use of absorbed nutrients by body cells for metabolism.
Egestion removes undigested material as feces.

The Human Digestive System

The human digestive system comprises the alimentary canal and associated glands.
The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine (duodenum, ileum), large intestine (caecum, colon, rectum), and the anus.
Associated glands: salivary glands, pancreas, liver

Teeth Types

Mammals have four types of teeth for different functions.
Incisors are used for biting and cutting food.
Canines are used for killing prey and tearing flesh.
Premolars and molars are used for grinding and crushing food.

Food Movement

Swallowing moves food from the mouth to the esophagus.
Peristalsis is the wave-like muscular movement that pushes food through the alimentary canal.

Digestion in different parts of Alimentary Canal

Buccal cavity: Mechanical digestion (chewing) by teeth; chemical digestion (saliva) by amylase.
Stomach: Mechanical digestion (churning); chemical digestion (hydrochloric acid & protease)
Small intestine: Chemical digestion (pancreatic juice with amylase, protease, lipase; intestinal juice with enzymes).
Large intestine: Water absorption; mineral and vitamin absorption.

Absorption in Small Intestine

Villi in the small intestine increase the surface area for absorption.
Nutrients diffuse or are actively transported into blood and lymph vessels.
Blood transports absorbed simple sugars, amino acids, minerals, and water-soluble vitamins.
Lymph transports absorbed fatty acids and glycerol.

Liver Role

The liver plays a crucial role in controlling blood glucose levels by converting glucose to glycogen.
The liver converts excess glucose to glycogen for storage.

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Description

這個測驗旨在評估您對人體消化過程的理解。問題涵蓋了機械消化和化學消化的各個方面，包括器官功能和消化過程中的主要特徵。準備好挑戰您的知識，看看您能答對多少題！