ଜାନିକ ଶୈଳୀ

Scientific Method

• Science is a systematic approach to understanding the natural world
• It relies on observation, experimentation, and data analysis
• The scientific method is a framework for conducting scientific investigations

Key Components of the Scientific Method

• Observation: noticing events or phenomena in the natural world
• Question: formulating a specific question about the observed event
• Hypothesis: proposing a testable explanation for the phenomenon
• Prediction: making a specific, testable statement about what will happen under certain conditions based on the hypothesis.
• Experiment: designing and conducting a controlled test to gather evidence that supports or refutes the hypothesis.
• Data analysis: examining the results of the experiment to determine if the data support or refute the hypothesis
• Conclusion: drawing a conclusion about the hypothesis based on the data

Types of Scientific Investigations

• Descriptive studies: document characteristics of a phenomenon
• Correlational studies: examine relationships between variables
• Experimental studies: test a hypothesis by manipulating variables

Scientific Principles

• Empirical evidence: data collected through observation and experimentation
• Falsifiability: a scientific hypothesis must be testable and potentially proven wrong
• Reproducibility: experiments must be repeatable and yield similar results
• Peer review: evaluation of research by other experts in the field

Branches of Science

• Physics: studies matter, energy, motion, and forces.
• Chemistry: studies the structure, properties, and reactions of matter
• Biology: studies living organisms and their processes
• Earth science: studies the Earth's systems, including geology, meteorology, and oceanography
• Astronomy: studies the universe, including planets, stars, and galaxies

Scientific Models and Theories

• Models: simplified representations of complex phenomena or systems, such as an atom, a solar system, or a biological process.
• Theories: broad explanations of natural phenomena supported by a large body of evidence from many studies. They are well-supported and can predict future events.

Scientific Communication

• Journals: peer-reviewed publications that disseminate scientific research
• Conferences: meetings where scientists present their findings to the broader scientific community
• Presentations: oral or visual displays of research results
• Publications: articles in journals or books

Ethical Considerations in Science

• Data integrity: ensuring accuracy and honesty in research
• Avoiding bias: recognizing and minimizing potential for personal influences on results
• Animal welfare: using animals in research ethically and minimizing harm
• Human subjects: obtaining informed consent from participants and protecting their rights
• Environmental considerations: conducting research with regard to potential environmental impacts.
• Examples of Life Science topics may be discussed.