Poverty Alleviation Programs PDF

1. Answer the following questions in detail : (1) Explain various solutions ofpoverty alleviation programme.  Poverty Alleviation Programs paves the effective way to offer the welfare scheme of government to the people. It bridges the governmental projects with the people for its effective...

1. Answer the following questions in detail : (1) Explain various solutions ofpoverty alleviation programme.  Poverty Alleviation Programs paves the effective way to offer the welfare scheme of government to the people. It bridges the governmental projects with the people for its effective implementation.  These programs are divided into five parts :  1] Wage based employment program  2) Self Employment Program  3) Programmes related to food security  4] Programs related to social safety  5] Programmes of elimination of poverty in urban areas.  Following are the main programs functioning under it.  To implement agro based scheme in order to rear the level employment in it.  Prime Minister Crop Insurance Scheme, Prime Minister Agriculture Irrigation Scheme, National  Peyjal Yojna and E-NAM scheme are implemented for agriculture development and for maximum production.  Government acts to bring the farmers out from debts by implementing the program like Gramoday to Bharat Uday.  Villages are supplied 24 hours electricity under Din Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojna and also offers the subsidy for solar technology.  Tribal women are trained under Integrated Dairy Development Scheme so that they can ensure plantation and agriculture development.  To encourage an use of bio fertilizers and reduce the expanse behind agriculture.  Village roads are built under Chief Minister Village Road Scheme. Further it offers employment to the local people too.  All the poor living below poverty line are offered 35 kg food per month to each family under Maa Annapurna Yojna where they are given the wheat with ? 2 per kg and Rice with ? 3 per Kg.  Each Member of Parliament has adopted annually one village under Saansad Aadarsh Gram Yojna in which they observe the development of employment and infrastructure in villages.  Under MANREGA, Government offers the work of at least 100 days to the unemployed in one financial year.  Mahila Mandalis are connected with Self Help group under Mission Manglam Project and they are offered subsidy for various cottage industries.  Under Dattopant Thegdi Vyaj Sahay Yojna, Government provides less interest loan to the workers of cottage and small scale industries.  Jyotigram yojna inspires the youth employment in the villages.  Bajpai Bankable Yojna provides the training as well as less interest loan to the people aged between 18 to 65 and remain unemployed.  Agro Food processing units are installed under Agro Business policy 2016 which aims to offer employment to at least 1000000 people. (2) Discuss in detail the steps taken by government for poverty alleviation programme in “agriculture sector’ and programme ‘Gramodaya thi Bharat uday’. Government has framed the various projects under welfare programs so that it can reduce poverty and unemployment. The steps taken by government in agriculture field. Agriculture development and irrigation, Crop protection, bio agriculture, more over direct selling of products by farmers, all these can change the living standard of the poor farmers. 1.Pradhanmantri Krushi Sinchai Yojna : Propagation of Check dam construction, Drip irrigation are encouraged so that it can yield more agro production. 2.Prime Minister Farm Safety Insurance Plan : Under this project, government protects the farmers from informal damages by providing bonus, purchasing products with adequate price. 3.National Drinking Water Program : It works to stop the soil erosion, ensures irrigation to the soil of tribal farmers. Water shed development, digging of farm ponds, rain water harvesting, afforestation, constructing lining of canal are the various projects designed under it. 4.State government schemes to promote agricultural development : State government provides the loan with negligible interest and also assures aid for cattle rearing, crop storage and fertilizer storage. Government of Gujarat has held the Poor Welfare Fair to promote direct help to the poor. 5.E- NAM Yojna : National Agro market is developed virtually where farmers can sell their products directly anywhere. Business men can purchase it from anywhere by taking part in auction. It nullifies the brokers and in between traders who used to take away good amount of profit. It directly links the farmers with the market. So that Farmers get maximum price and can withstand in agriculture. 6.Gramodaya to Bharat Uday : Village is the heart of Indian economy, India can develop economically, socially and culturally if villages develop. So government of India put a project to annihilate poverty from the village. Government has allotted a major part of budget behind it. It yields financial help for cattle shade development, fencing and farmers oriented projects. It provides less interest loan for purchasing tractor or mini tractor. It builds the system to predict about rainfall and to manage the land records. Testing Laboratory for pulses and spices moreover special incentives for plantation farming. It builds farm ponds, deepen the lakes, arrange the stable and affordable price, construct canals and channelizing them. It also acts to increase the water harvesting capacity. It renders the possibilities through which optional employment can be made possible. It also enacts to create to permanent wealth. (3) Give information about elTorts made by government to reduce poverty.  Village is the heart of Indian economy so social, economic and cultural development of India is possible only through the development of village.  Present Government has implemented the project of Gramoday to Bharat Uday which has yielded the construction of infrastructure, development of cottage industries and small scale industries and many other constructive projects through which poverty alleviation will be made possible.  Government has levied heavy taxes upon the expensive commodities so that the money can be extracted from the rich.  On the contrary the basic commodities for the poor are made available through the public distribution system.  Moreover government works to reduce the production of the commodities needed by the rich and invest more in the production of commodities of the poor. It can rear the efficiency and production.  Agriculture is given more preference for poverty alleviation for that land Regulation Act and Land Ceiling Act are formed, it can increase an income of landless workers or small farm owners.  Moreover Government gives incentives to fishing, forestation, dairy Industry, small irrigation projects and cattle rearing.  Government has installed the facilities like communication, road, health, education employment and family planning.  Government acted to check migration to urban area by implementing projects for high yielding crops seeds, fertilizers, tractor, bank loans.  To start the schools, colleges and training centers.  Students of rural areas must be offered the scholarship, economic aid. Further Aashram schools should be started to ensure education to them.  Sakhi Mandals are formed for Women Empowerment and their capacity building.  So government has implemented constructive projects to check migration to urban area and for an annihilation of poverty. (4) Explain in detail schemes and programmes undertaken by the government to reduce unemployment(main four). Unemployment is the chief reason for poverty so annihilation of unemployment can remove poverty. (1) Herculean efforts are made to raise GDP upto 10 % which will improve investment and employment opportunities. To develop the new fields for employment by coordinating balanced development in agriculture, cottage industry and small scale industries. Government has initiated many programmes and training centers for it. (2) Labour based industries like cottage industries, handicrafts, small scale industries can be developed well. (3) In order to reduce the seasonal unemployment, government has started multi-crops method, small irrigation system, construction of dams, check dams, farm ponds. Cattle rearing, dairy industry, forestation are vitalized so that more people can invest in village sector industries. Farmers are encouraged towards plantation farming, multi dimensional farming, dry farming so that the migration from rural area can be controlled. (4) Qualitative and result oriented reformation can only sustain human development in village. For that villages should be equipped with facilities like - drinking water, electricity, balanced food, internet and communication service, health facilities, banking, insurance and water harvesting. (5] In order to reduce educated unemployment, and to develop skills among the youth, skill based education and training should be provided. For that the professional training centers and policy should be framed as per the requirement of industries. So that it can enhance the productivity, quality of products.  (6) Ministry of labour has intimated with state government and initiated the projects like Start up India, Make In India and Digital India for training the youngsters. For that the institutes like IIM, IIT and other engineering colleges are set up in each state. 2. Answer the following questions points wise : (1)What is poverty? What are the characteristics ofpeople living below poverty line ?  The condition in which people are unable to fulfil their basic needs like food, clothing, education, shelter and health services is called Poverty.  Poverty is the qualitative concept where people have to decide minimum level of income and expenditure for his existence is called poverty line. People earning less then or spending less than that fall in the group of people living. Below Poverty Line. Generally following features are seen among those people.  They do not get adequate meal twice in a day.  Lack of enough space to live in.  They are enforced to live in slum areas.  Their income remains less than the expected income.  Their life span remains less then the average life span of the nation.  Generally they are illiterate.  Due to not getting nutritive food, they remain diseased.  In order to safeguard family income, the children of such families are enforced to get involved  in Child Labour.  Child Death Rate remains high due to malnutrition. (2) Explain poverty in India.  Indian Planning Commission has decided the following amount to decide Poverty line.  Rural area per capita expenditure ? 816 which makes per family expanse ? 4080.  Urban Area Per capita Expanse 1’ 1000 which makes family expanse ? 5000 In the year 2011-12, the proportion of poverty decreased to 27 crore and out of total population 21.9 % people remain poor.  World bank studied relatively to the international standard and decided per capita daily income 1.9 dollar in 2012 compare to 2008. It stands as the standard to decide the poverty and as per it 32.7 % people live Below Poverty Line which altogether makes 45.6 crore.  As per the UNDP report of 2015, India had 21.92 % (26.93 crore), poor out of which in Rural sector 25.7 % (21.65 crore), and in Urban area 13.7 % (5.28) living below poverty line. Chhatisgadh stands with the maximum poverty in India (36.93).  Goa ranks with the minimum poverty (5.09).  Gujarat has 16.63 % poverty  States like Chhatisgadh, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Manipur, Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh, Jharkhand and Orissa have more than 30 % poverty. (3) What are the reasons of origination ofpoverty ?  Rural area in India observes more poverty than the urban area for that the following reasons are responsible.  Inadequate irrigation facility and agricultural development.  Scarcity of optional sources of employment.  Lacking of employment related education, skill and facilities in rural area.  More unproductive expanse due to orthodox rituals and traditions.  High rate of illiteracy victimizes the rural people of exploitation and unjust further they feel unable to get information of government project.  Farmers grow more cash crops compare to grains and pulses so price of grains and pulses grow higher.  The needs and condition of common people is not considered while formulating the economic policy.  Due to economic reform, cottages and small scale industries collapse in village area so the workers become unemployed and bound to migrate.  High rate of poverty leads the population to the malnutrition and diseases.  Technological reform has not changed the condition of village workers as they are unskilled or semi skilled.  Death rate has virtually reduced and population increased so poverty increases.  The stock of labour is more than the demand so surplus labourers become unemployed.  Purchasing power of people has decreased and price rises so people remain unemployed and become poor. (4) What are the steps taken by the government for social security and food security ?  Government plans the policies as such can compensate the economic condition of the aged, women and children. Government implements the social welfare programs so that it can enhance the level of living standard.  Following are the main programs implemented for it :  (1) National Social Aid Project :  This project was rolled out on 15‘h August 1995.  It aims to provide social security to the aged, orphan or to the family which had lost the chief earner.  It functions by providing help in two ways :  (A) National Old Aged Pension Scheme :  This project includes the village people aged more than 65 years and doesn't have anyregular means of income.  Per month they are offered pension ? 75.  State government can add the extra amount to it.  This amount is deposited one in six months either in bank or else it is encashed.  (B) National Family Benefit Project :  If any family loses the main earner in accidental death who is lying in the age group of 18 to 65 then his family is ensured financial aid to that family. In that Family is offered the grant of ? 10000 through bank.  (2) Universal Health Insurance Scheme :  It was declared in the budget of 2003-04, and it was enacted on 14‘h July 2003.  It aims to provide health facilities to the people living below poverty line with the age between 18 to 65.  The insurance amount is decided ? 10000 and it includes the diseases like AIDS.  (3)Ambedkar -Valmiki Aavas Yojna :  It was initiated on 15‘h August 2001. It aims to safe guard shelter facility to the Urban Poor belonging to SC, S.T. and OBC.  Urban Development Department declares the grant of ? 2000 cr under this project.  (4)Education Contribution Scheme :  It is enacted in 2000-01.  It provides financial help to the children of poor family for ensuring their education.  It grants the financial help of ? 100 per month to the students of such family to prop in their monthly expanse.  (5)Mission Manglam :  It organizes the various programs for ensuring the employment to the women by employing them in cottage industries like Papad making, Pickel, Agarbatti etc.  It acts to bring the maximum women out from the ditch of unemployment.  (6)Dattopant Thegdi Vyaj Shay Yojna :  Through this scheme government provides loan to artisans of handicraft and handloom cottage industries at low rate of interest to purchase raw material.  (7)Bajpai Bankable Yojna :  The urban or rural unemployed who are 4‘h passed are trained for the particular skill under this project.  The conventional artists and other entrepreneurs are offered the loan carrying less interest rate.  (8)Food Guarantee Scheme :  Food assurance scheme safeguards the availability of food to the people living below poverty line.  In India notable number of people live below poverty line who struggle to get even  sufficient food twice a day. For ensuring food to them, Government has initiated with Public Distribution System (PDS). Government manages PDS, ICDS (Integrated Child Development Scheme), And MDMS (Mid Day Meal Scheme) to assure the food security to them.  In 1951, The per capita consumption was decided 394.9 gram which was changed to 414.10 gram in 2001.  In March 2003, Government owned the Buffer stock 361.93 lacs tones which smoothened the way to provide food safety.  Nearly 400000 fair price shops were managed by the government through out the nation.  Besides it, Antyoday Yojna, Complete Rural Employment Yojna, Food For Work scheme are managed by using the buffer stock of grains.  (9)Maa Annapurna Scheme :  Government has put his scheme in action under which the people are offered 35 kg food grains per month who are urban poor or rural poor and living below poverty line.  Nearly 3.62 crore people receive its benefit by purchasing wheat i’ 2 per kg and rice ? 3 per Kg. (5) Explain - ‘Poors live in rich India”.  India owns the exuberant treasure of natural resources and wealth.  High rate of illiteracy, Unskilled condition of workers, lack of training all these do not allow the population to utilize the natural resources maximum and to bring noticeable change in the living standard of the people.  Still the state like chattisgadh, Bihar, Assam, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand stand with the poverty level of above 30 %. As per the UNDP report, the proportion of poverty in India was nearly 21.92 % that includes 36.93 crore people.  So it is rightly stated that " The Poor live in Rich India". (6) State the reasons for unemployment.  Following are the main reasons behind Unemployment in India.  Population Explosion, Lack oftechnical knowledge, Only theoretical knowledge and failure in creating the complete employment facilities are the chief reasons behind Unemployment.  Lack of irrigation, lack of alternative employment during time other than agriculture season.  Poor condition of cottage industries and small scale industries, united families, conventional employment.  Faulty labour management, lack of skill based education.  Less savings, reduction in capital creation, less investment in industries and slow industrial development rate.  (7) State the effects ofunemployment.  Following are the adverse effects of unemployment on economy.  Unemployment generates poverty.  It discourages the young students and causes negligent attitude among them towards education.  Negative effect on social and mental condition is seen. They become disappointed psychologically If they remain unemployed for long time, they get involved in antisocial or immoral activities, e.g drug trafficking, illegal activities, robberies, recovering ransom etc….  It widens the gap of socio economic inequality which raises castism and lower life style.  If price rises during the phase of unemployment then it causes pitiable havoc for the people.  Thus, unemployment has proved to be deadly for individual, family, as well as economy. 3. Answer the following questions briefly : (1) Relative poverty and absolute poverty.  Relative Poverty : If any group stays with lower income compare to other social groups is called Relative Poverty.  Example : Three persons have varied income as mentioned below.  (A) ? 50,000, (B) ? 25000, (C) 1’ 10000  Compare to B, C holds less income so C is relatively poor whereas A holds more income so A is relatively rich.  If we compare B and C with the income of A then both are relatively poor.  If Standard of criterion gets changed then the form of relative poverty also gets changed as it is based on the comparison of income of two persons.  Absolute Poverty : The condition in which people are unable to fulfill their basic needs like education, food, shelter, clothing is called Absolute Poverty. (2) Explain about ‘Agro business policy’.  Agro Business Policy : This policy aims to alleviate poverty but installing Food processing Units where estimated 10 lacs people will be employed. It enables the export of processed food and reduce the level of poverty.  E-NAM project : This project is activated to reduce the level of poverty. National Agro Market is installed under this project. Farmers are offered on-line option for trading their crop anywhere. Traders can buy it from anywhere.  This project nullifies the adverse impact of brokers and arbitrators, moreover it increases the level of competition which benefits the farmers. (3) Clarify MANREGA programme.  MANAREGA is a wide range, nationwide project that aims to provide employment and smoothen the way for the poor to get maximum benefits of governmental projects.  MANAREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee) is employment oriented project, it encourages the rural employment.  It offers minimum 100 days employment to the rural people who are poor and unskilled.  At least one person from the family gets benefit of it.  Person is paid the daily wages.  In case government fails to offer the work, the unemployed Allowance is paid.  People are employed in the works like- Water harvesting, leveling of land, labour work in Indira Aavas Yojna, Bio-Fertilizers, Poultry shades, yard for drying fish, cleaning of canal works related to water storage, tree plantation on roads included.  This Project ensures the employment at least to the one person from family which will reduce the employment. (4) What is industrial unemployment ?  If people remain unemployed for short term or for long term because of industrial changes is called Industrial Unemployment. (5) Explain the idea ofworld labour market.  The exchange of labours at an international level through virtual market is called world Labour Market.  Labourers migrate from one nation to the others for skill development or employment is called  International Labour Mobility.  Emigration of the labours is commonly observed for skill development, better life style or for higher salary.  Emigration has been considered as social status so it allures more people in present time.  This creates the vacuum in our nation as the well trained brain power emigrates to other nation which adversely affects the economic and industrial development of the nation.  S0 the experts in the field of Medicines, computer, Bio tech, Communication, IT, are more demanded.  Nations and agencies at international level allures the experts of various fields for emigration so that they can get the best labour but it creates scarcity of skilled labours in country like India.   Some Native companies also send their employees to the foreign countries for skill development or for research.  It smoothens the way of getting foreign exchange as the emigrated Indians send the foreign currency at their native. 4. Answer the following questions by choosing the correct alternative : (1) Which state in India has highest rate ofpoverty ? (A) Uttar pradesh (B) Odisha (C) Chattisgarh (D) Bihar (2) What was the rate of poverty in India in 2011-12 (in crorcs) ? (A) 21.65 (B) 26.93 (C) 36.93 (D) 21.92 (3) Which scheme has been started to connect women empowerment, skill development training, selfemployment and market ? (A) Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyot Yojna (B) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gurantee Act (C) Mission Mangalam Yojna (D) Agro Business policy 2016 (4) In which Indian state is the rate ofunemployment found to be highest? (A) Bihar (B) Jharkhand (C) Kerala (D) Chattisgarh (5) Which scheme was implemented under the Food Security Act in Gujarat ? (A) Ma Annapurna Yojna (B) MAN REGA (C) Antodaya Yojna (D) Sukanya Samriddhi Yojna (6) Which scheme encourages unemployed Youth with new ideas to become enterpreneur and get self-employed ‘? (A) Make in India (B) Start up India (C) Digital India (D) Swachchh Bharat Abhiyan (7) The Institute which registers unemployed persons to eradicate unemployment... (A) Employment Exchange Centre (B) Labour Ministry (C) Model Career Centre (D) Gram Panchayat