Domain Fire and Emergency Preparedness Quiz PDF

Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx 1. Combustion the rapid exothermic or heat-producing chemical reaction of oxygen with a fuel. When a fuel is burned, the carbon in...

Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx 1. Combustion the rapid exothermic or heat-producing chemical reaction of oxygen with a fuel. When a fuel is burned, the carbon in the fuel reacts with oxygen to form either carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide 2. heat of combus- The amount of heat released as a result of complete tion combustion of a fuel. It is usually expressed in units of energy per mass of combustible material. 3. Heat transfer by Electromagnetic mechanism of heat transfer. The amount radiation of heat transfer is proportional to the fourth power of temperature 4. Convection Heat transfer by convection takes place as a result of fluid motion. When a cold fluid comes into contact with a hot surface, the film adjacent to the hot surface picks up thermal energy. This energy, in turn, is transmitted to the bulk of the cold fluid either by natural mixing or as a result of external forces. 5. The rate of convective heat transfer is pro- portional to the temperature dif- ference and the area of heat transfer: 6. Conduction Form of heat transfer where heat energy is directly trans- ferred between molecules through molecular collisions or direct contact. 7. thermal conduc- The ability of an object to transfer heat tivity Different materials have different thermal conductivities; for example, metals have high thermal conductivity and are good conductors of heat, whereas plastics generally 1 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx have low thermal conductivity and are poor conductors of heat (good insulators) 8. Four elements of -Oxygen combustion - Fire -Fuel tetrahedron -Source of ignition or sufficient heat -Chemical reaction In order to extinguish a fire we must remove at least one of these four elements. The more corners of the fire tetrahedron that are removed the more controlled would the situation be. 9. Flammable liquid -Any liquid that has a closed cup flash point below 100ºF and a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psia (pounds per square inch absolute) at 100ºF 10. Combustible Liq- -Any liquid that has a closed cup flash point at or above uid 100ºF. 11. Flash point the lowest temperature at which a liquid can generate enough vapor above its surface to support combustion in the presence of a source of ignition. 12. Vapor Pressure -The pressure exerted by a vapor on its liquid at equi- librium is called the vapor pressure of the liquid at the temperature of the system. It should be emphasized that the vapor pressure of a liquid always increases with an increase in temperature 13. Fire Point the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid in an open container gives off enough vapors to continue to burn once it has been ignited. The fire point usually is higher than the flash point 14. 2 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx Lower Flamma- The minimum concentration of vapor in air below which a bility Limit (LFL) flame will not propagate through the mixture. A decrease in temperature or pressure raises the LFL. An increase in temperature lowers the LFL. 15. Upper Flamma- the maximum concentration of flammable vapor in air bility Limit (UFL) above which a flame will not propagate. A decrease in temperature or pressure raises lowers the UFL. An increase in temperature raises the UFL. 16. Equation for low- er flammability limit (LFL) 17. Auto ignition Auto-ignition temperature is the lowest temperature that temperature will produce combustion in the absence of an ignition source. 18. Specific gravity -the density of a liquid relative to the density of water. -Liquids with a specific gravity less than one are lighter than water. -Most flammable liquids are lighter than and insoluble in water, and will float on its surface. 19. Vapor Density -Vapor density is a measure of the relative densities of vapors and gases compared to air under the same condi- tions of temperature and pressure. -Vapors generated by most flammable liquids are heavier than air (vapor density greater than one), so the ventilation should be at or near floor level. -Most flammable gases have a vapor density of less than 1 and are lighter than air. Ventilation systems for these should be placed above the floor depending on the point of generation. 20. Evaporation rate -the rate at which a liquid is converted to vapor at a given temperature and pressure. -The evaporation rate of most liquids is reported relative to butylacetate (evaporation rate of 1). 3 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx -A liquid with an evaporation rate less than 1 evaporates more slowly than butyl-acetate. 21. The evaporation -butylacetate (evaporation rate of 1). rate of most liq- -A liquid with an evaporation rate less than 1 evaporates uids is reported more slowly than butyl-acetate. relative to 22. Water solubility Many flammable liquids, such as alcohols, ethers, and ketones, are completely or partially soluble in water, and mixing these liquids with water reduces their flammability and eliminates static hazards 23. Flammable Gas A gas is considered to be flammable if it satisfies either of the following criteria: -At ambient temperature and pressure it has a UFL of 13% or less by volume. -At ambient temperature and pressure has a flammability range that is wider than 12%. -Any gas that will burn in the normal concentration of oxygen in air. 24. Carbon Monox- -a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by in- ide (CO) complete combustion of carbon. -As a result of the incomplete combustion of carbon-con- taining compounds, CO is produced in large amounts during a fire. -It is 210 times more reactive with blood than oxygen. Thus, CO poisons humans by a form of asphyxiation. 25. Carbon Dioxide Fires produce large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). (CO2) Carbon dioxide itself is not a toxic gas, its major contri- bution to death and injury results from its reducing the relative concentration of oxygen in air, i.e., it is a simple asphyxiant. 26. Hydrogen Hydrogen cyanide, a deadly gas, can be produced dur- Cyanide (HCN) ing fires from the combustion of materials such as wool, silk, acrylonitrile, acrylates, agricultural chemicals, roden- ticides, and polyurethane. 4 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx 27. Sulphur Dioxide This gas can be produced during fires from the combus- SO2 tion of sulfur-containing materials. A strong irritant, it is intolerable well below lethal concentrations. 28. Ammonia (NH3) During fires, ammonia can be generated from the combus- tion of materials such as wool, silk, fertilizers, explosives, acrylonitrile, and nylon. 29. Hydrogen Chlo- This gas can be generated by the combustion of materials ride (HCl) such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), dyes, perfumes, agricul- tural chemicals, and some fire-retardant materials. 30. Hydrogen Sulfide During fires, hydrogen sulfide can be generated as a (H2S) result of the incomplete combustion of sulfur containing compounds such as wool and rubber. 31. Nitrogen Dioxide This gas can be generated from the combustion of ni- (NO2) trogen containing compounds such as fabrics, cellulose nitrate, celluloid, catalysts, and polymerization inhibitors. 32. Fire Hazard Iden- The NFPA 704 system divides the fire hazards of a mater- tification (NFPA ial into four major categories: health, flammability, reactiv- 704 System) ity, and special. The system uses a number rating system, ranging from 0 to 4, to identify the severity of hazard in each category, with 0 indicating no hazard and 4 indicating the most severe hazard. 33. Boiling Point The temperature at which the liquid transforms into vapor at a given pressure. It should be understood that boiling point is a strong function of ambient pressure and always decreases with a decrease in ambient pressure. Boiling point is usually stated at sea level pressure (1 atmosphere), which is called Normal Boiling Point 34. Fire gases These gases can be produced during a fire: -Carbon Monoxide 5 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx -Carbon Dioxide -Hydrogen Cyanide -Sulfur Dioxide -Ammonia -Hydrogen Chloride -Hydrogen Sulfide -Nitrogen Dioxide 35. NFPA 704 Dia- mond 36. Class A fire extin- includes fires in ordinary combustible materials such as guisher wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics. Water can cool this type of fire by bringing the fuel temperature below the ignition point. Dry chemicals can retard combustion, and halogenated agents can interrupt the combustion chain reactions. 37. Class B fire extin- Includes fires in flammable or combustible liquids, flamma- guishers ble gases, greases, and similar materials. Depending on the properties of the fuel, dry chemicals, carbon dioxide and halons can be used. 38. Class C Fire ex- includes fires in energized electrical equipment, where tinguisher the extinguishing agent must be nonconductive to avoid electrical shock. Halons and carbon dioxide are widely used to extinguish electrical fires. It should be noted that a Class C fire can be extinguished using Class A or B extinguishing agents (depending on the properties of the burning material) when the electrical equipment on fire is de-energized. 39. Class D fire extin- includes fires in combustible metals such as magnesium, guisher titanium, zirconium, sodium, and potassium. The extin- guishing agent should absorb heat without reacting with 6 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx the metal or create a smothering effect. -Examples of fire extinguisher agents: Graphite powder, Talc, Sand 40. Class K fire fires with substances such as the animal and vegetable fats present in commercial cooking oils and greases. These types of fires can only be effectively quenched with a Class K fire extinguisher. A Class K fire extinguisher is used on fires involving cooking media (fats, grease, and oils) in commercial cooking sites such as restaurants. These fire extinguishers work on the principle of saponifi- cation. 41. Locations and -Extinguisher markings should be durable and visible from marking of fire 3 feet away. extinguishers -If a pictograph marking system is used, the decal should be visible from the front as the extinguisher hangs. -The locations of extinguishers should be marked by paint- ing a red rectangle above them. -The signs identifying location of extinguishers must not be obstructed from view. 42. Travel distance OSHA requires that the travel distance for Class A extin- from fire extin- guishers not exceed 75 feet. guishers to pos- -The maximum travel distance for Class B extinguishers sible fire/ignition is 50 feet because flammable liquid fires can get out of source control faster than Class A fires. If a Class B extinguisher has a low rating, the travel distance must be reduced accordingly. -There is no maximum travel distance specified for Class C extinguishers, but they must be distributed on the basis of appropriate patterns for Class A and B hazards. The maximum travel distance for -Class D fire extinguishers should not exceed 75 feet. 43. Hydrostatic test- Hydrostatic testing of portable fire extinguishers is re- ing quired to detect corrosion, physical damage, improper as- sembly of parts, and damage to the mechanical properties of metal parts. OSHA requires that hydrostatic testing of 7 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx extinguishers be conducted according to the schedule outlined 44. Types of sprin- -dry pipe kler systems -wet pipe -preaction -deluge -combined dry pipe and preaction -residential sprinklers 45. Regular dry pipe In this type of sprinkler design, the sprinkler heads are sprinkler system attached to piping which contains air or nitrogen under pressure. When a sprinkler head is opened due to heat from a fire, the air or nitrogen pressure in the dry pipe falls to a point where water on the supply side of the system forces the supply valve to open, and water flows through any sprinkler head which is open. 46. Wet type sprin- The sprinkler heads are attached to a piping that contains kler system water under pressure at all times. The sprinkler heads respond to the heat generated from a fire, and water flows through an open sprinkler head. 47. Pre-action auto- Pre-action automatic sprinkler systems are designed to matic sprinkler control the fire when there is possibility of damage to system piping or sprinkler heads and the property is sensitive to water. A water supply valve is added to a standard dry pipe system. This valve is opened by the operation of an auto- matic fire detection system. The automatic fire detection system is placed in a protected area, and once activated sends water through a supply valve to the sprinkler heads. Once the sprinkler heads are opened due to heat gener- ated by a fire, water flows through them immediately. 48. Deluge Sprinkler In this type of automatic sprinkler system design, the sprin- System kler heads are open at all times. A fire detecting instrument 8 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx activates and opens the deluge valve sending water to all sprinkler heads 49. Combine dry This type of system combines the essential features of pipe and pre- both dry pipe and preaction systems. The piping leading action sprinkler to the sprinkler heads is filled with air or nitrogen and system a supplementary fire detecting device trips the dry pipe valve without loss of air pressure, and the air exhauster at the end of the line. This action fills the system piping with water. The system can operate as a regular dry pipe should the supplementary fire detection system fail. 50. Residential These systems are designed for use in residences, taking sprinkler into consideration the limited water supply. Their main systems purpose in life safety is evacuation. 51. Sprinkler system temperature rat- ing - color code 52. Types of Fire De- -Fixed temperature thermal detectors tectors -Rate-of-rise detectors -Rate-compensation detectors - Sealed pneumatic line-type detectors -Smoke detectors -Flame detectors -Combustible gas indicators 53. Fixed tempera- Fixed temperature thermal detectors have a bimetallic ture thermal de- element with the two metals having different coefficient tectors of expansions. Temperature rises cause the element to bend and close a circuit. Some thermal detectors of this type use a fusible spring loaded element which melts at a certain temperature, causing a circuit to close. There are other thermal detectors which are classified as 9 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx continuous-line type. An example of this type of detector is two conductors separated by a temperature sensitive insulation. The insulation melts at a given temperature causing the two conductors to come into contact with each other closing an electrical circuit. 54. Rate-compensa- Rate-compensation detectors are fire detection devices tion detectors that respond to a fixed predetermined temperature in the air surrounding the device. These detectors do not take into account the rate of rise of air temperature. 55. Rate-of-rise de- Rate-of-rise detectors respond to a predetermined rate of tectors rise of temperature in the air. A typical value is about 12°F per minute. -Classified as heat detectors 56. Sealed pneumat- Pneumatic detectors are completely mechanical and are ic line-type de- ideal for locations that due to explosivity of the mixture use tectors of electricity must be avoided. These devices are among thermal detectors and work based on an increase of air pressure inside a bulb due to an increase in temperature. The bulb has a diaphragm which will eventually become deflated as a result of increase in air pressure. 57. Smoke Detectors Photoelectric smoke detectors respond to products of combustion based on the principle of less or more light reaching them. As smoke enters the detector it can absorb light (less light), or it can scatter light (more light). Ion- ization smoke detectors have a radioactive material that ionize the sensing chamber air, making air conductive and permitting current flow between two charged electrodes. Smoke particles decrease conductance and an alarm is triggered at a pre-determined level. 58. Flame detectors Flame detectors respond to either the ultraviolet or in- frared portion of the light generated by the flame. Both are used for fire detection in systems that require very fast response. Infrared detectors can be accordingly tripped due to solar interference. 10 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx 59. Combustible gas Combustible gas indicators operate on the principle that indicator the resistance of a heated element increases as it comes into contact with the gases (Wheatstone bridge). This in- crease in resistance is detected on a galvanometer or a digital or analog meter. Solid state sensors are also being used. 60. Fire alarms: Type Fire alarms fall into two broad categories: type A (manual) A, Type B and type B (automatic). Type A alarms require an operator to receive the alarm and transmit the alarm to the fire de- partment. In type B the alarm is automatically transmitted to the fire station. 61. Fire proofing Fire proofing refers to insulating steel in structures from heat that may be generated during a fire. The main reason for fire proofing is that the strength of steels drops sharply at temperatures above 10,000 F. Also, use of "fire proof" or "fire resistive" materials indicate that a building can withstand a burnout of all its content without structural collapse. It is important not to confuse the terms "fireproof" and "fire-safe." The latter indicates that once a fire has been started in a "fire-safe" area, it can be extinguished without fire being able to spread elsewhere in the struc- ture. 62. Fire doors Fire doors are most commonly classified by an hourly rating; although alphabetical or a combination of hourly rating and alphabetical rating may also be used. Fire doors are the most accepted means of protecting both horizontal and vertical openings in fire-rated walls and floors. Fire doors may be classified by an hourly rating designation such as three-hour fire doors. NFPA 80 "standards for fire doors and windows" classifies openings as A, B, C, D, and E depending on the type and location of the wall. A three-hour door used in a Class A opening is usually called a Class A door. 63. Hot work permit Hot work permits require authorization to be obtained be- fore any equipment or device which is capable of igniting combustible materials is used outside areas for which it is 11 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx designed. The first and most important step in establishing a hot-work permit program is a "policy statement" by the management of the organization. 64. Planning for OSHA requires that companies with ten or more people workplace emer- have a written policy. Smaller companies can communi- gencies cate the plan orally. The plan must include: -Escape procedures and escape route assignments. -Special procedures for employees who perform or shut down critical plant operations. -Systems to account for all employees after evacuation and for information about the plan. -Rescue and medical duties for employees who perform them. -Means for reporting fires and other emergencies. 65. Duties of emer- -Determining what emergencies may occur and seeing gency response that emergency procedures are developed to address coordinator each situation. -Directing all emergency activities including evacuation of personnel. -Ensuring that outside emergency services are notified when necessary. -Directing the shutdown of plant operations when neces- sary. 66. Based on Fac- Electrical tory Mutual En- gineering Corpo- ration study of 25,000 fires over 10 years, what is the leading cause of industri- al fires? 67. Smoking 12 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx The leading cause of civilian fires is 68. The standards National Fire Code developed by the National Fire Pro- tection Agency (NFPA) for fire prevention and protection is called 69. Auto-ignition Higher than the ignition temperature temperature is the lowest temperature at which a material would burn in the absence of an ignition source. Is this temperature higher, lower or the same as the ignition temperature? 70. Equation for heat transfer by con- duction 71. Carbon Monox- is harmful when breathed because it displaces oxygen in ide (CO) is the the blood and deprives the heart, brain and other vital most common organs of oxygen. Large amounts of CO can overcome killer in fires. It you in minutes without warning — causing you to lose causes fatalities consciousness and suffocat because: 13 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx 72. What information 1. Solubility 2. Specific Gravity is required to de- If two liquids are insoluble, the liquid with the lower specific termine if a liq- gravity will float. If the liquid is soluble in water, they will uid will float, sink dissolve and become a uniform solution or dissolve in wa- ter? 73. If water has a va- -Water evaporates more slowly than acetone por pressure of -At a given pressure, acetone has a lower boiling point 20mm Hg at room compared to water temperature and acetone has a vapor pressure of 180mm Hg at room temper- ature, This indi- cates that 74. Vapor Volume can be calculated using 75. Materials classi- -If mixed with flammables, they may cause a fire in the fied as oxidizers absence of a source of ignition must be separat- -The can release oxygen or catalyze the combustion reac- ed from flamma- tions bles because: 76. Fire resistance indication on how long a given structure can withstand a rating fire giving occupants a chance to evacuate before com- mencement of firefighting procedures 77. Rate Compensa- -A device that responds when the temperature of the air tion Detector surrounding the device reaches a predetermined level, regardless of the rate of temperature rise. -Temperatures that rise rapidly will be detected sooner 78. Ionization Detec- Ionize the air and make it conductive. Smoke particles de- tor crease this conductivity and initiate a subsequent reaction such as an alarm. 14 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx 79. Dry powder Metal fires fire extinguish- ers can be used on 80. Mechanical Defined by their expansion ratio which is the final volume foams of foam to original foam solution volume prior to addition of air. Foams are sub divided into : -low expansion: up to (20:1) -medium expansion (20 to 200:1) -high expansion (200 to 1000:1) 81. Foam fire extin- Class C fires guishing agents should never be used on: 82. Carbon diox- -Organic peroxide ide extinguishing -Magnesium agents should not be used on: 83. Dry chemical fire -Can be used on Class B fires extinguisher -It is made of non-toxic chemicals but a high volume of use could cause temporary breathing difficulty. It could also interfere with visibility 84. Formula for cal- culating friction- al loss 85. Formula for ori- fice flow 86. Velocity pres- sure formula 15 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx 87. The maximum 1,200 gallons amount of Class 1A flammable liq- uid that can be stored in labora- tory unit with a sprinkler system is 88. Not more than 120 gallons how many gal- lons of Class I, Class II, and Class IIIA liquids shall be stored in an approved flammable stor- age? 89. Jockey Pump A jockey pump is a small pump connected to a fire sprin- kler system and is intended to maintain pressure in a fire protection piping system -Keeps high positive pressure on the discharge side of fire pump -If you put packing in the stuffing box of a fire pump, the pump will run almost continually to compensate for the package leakage 90. BLEVE (boiling Result of heating liquids to above their boiling point in a liquid expanding closed container. This increases the pressure within the vapor explosion) container. If the flame has weakened the container wall, the rupture and and violent exit of contained gas/liguid explodes. 91. hypergolic Igniting spontaneously on mixing with another substance 16 / 17  Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8f3tvx 92. Pyrophoric Mate- Any substance that spontaneously ignites upon exposure rial to atmospheric oxygen. -ex. Metal hydrides, White phosphorus, Alkyl Lithiums 17 / 17  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud 1. Which US agency maintains the National Incident FEMA Management System? 2. What is the most common effect from an IED explo- Injuries and build- sion? ing damage from flying debris 3. What FX material is solid in powder or granular form Dry powder designed to extinguish Class D combustible metal fires? 4. What FX material is a colorless, odorless, electrically Carbon Dioxide non-conductive inert gas that is suitable medium for extinguishing Class B or Class C fires? 5. What FX material is a powder composed of very small Dry Chemcial particles, usually sodium bicarbonate, potassium bi- carbonate, or ammonium phosphate-based? 6. What FX mateiral is electrically non-conducting, Clean Agent volatile, or gaseous fire extinguishant that does not leave a residue upon evaporation? 7. What does FEMA stand for? Federal Emer- gency Manage- ment Agency 8. The Incident Command System contains what stan- Command Sec- dardized elements? tion - Develops, di- rects, and main- tains communica- tion with multiple agencies on site, works with offi- cials, the public and the media to provide up-to-date info regarding the disaster Operations Sec- 1 / 13  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud tion - handles tac- tical operations Planning Section - provides informa- tion to develop the action plan Logistics Section - provides person- nel, equipment, & Support Finance Section - responsible for ac- counting 9. The _______ is a physical or virtual location designed Emergency Op- to support emergency response, business continuity erations Center and crisis communication activities. (EOC) 10. The __________ is a group of administrators or ex- Multiagency Co- ecutives who are authorized to commit agency re- ordination Group sources and funds. (MAC) 11. _____________ when used in pre-emergency plan- Memorandums of ning typically define the roles and responsibilities of Understanding each participating agency so that these items are not (MOUs) a topic of discussion during the resposne. 12. ________ is the term used when commanders change Transfer of com- and this process makes it very clear to everyone who mand now has command authority. 13. ___________ ensures that everyone has only one su- Unity of Command pervisor to minimize potential conflicting directives. 14. A water flow test for sprinklers systems is required Quarterly by NFPA 25 to be performed how often? 15. Why are water flow tests done on sprinkler systems? To ensure water flow detecting de- vices are opera- 2 / 13  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud tional, alarms are operational, and a signal is sent to and received by the central station (if connected) 16. The main drain test required by NFPA 25 is to be Annually performed how often? 17. Why is the main drain test done on sprinkler sys- To ensure the tems? proper water sup- ply is available at the system riser, detect changes in the water supply that may affect the sprinkler system's performance, and confirm the drain valves are opera- tional 18. A fire pump flow test is required by NFPA 25 to be Annually performed how often? 19. What does a fire pump flow test do? Measures the per- formance of the fire pump's flow and pressure. The test is conduct- ed by flowing wa- ter through hose streams connect- ed to the test header. The test results are then compared to test results from previ- ous years. 3 / 13  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud 20. The hydrostatic test of sprinklers should be done how 5 years often? 21. What does the hydrostatic test do? ensures standpipe components are in working order 22. What conditions are needed to create a chemical ex- Fuel, oxygen, ig- plosion? nition, chemical reaction, confine- ment of the oxidiz- er and fuel (with- out confinement, the materials will react, burn, but will not explode) 23. Class _______ fire extinguishers are used on fires Class C involving energized electrical equipment. 24. Class ______ fire extinguishers are used on fires in- Class A volving common combustibles such as paper, wood, fabric, and some plastics. 25. Class ______ fire extinguishers are used on fires in- Class B volving flammable liquids and gases such as gaso- line or propane. 26. Class _____ fire extinguishers are used on fires in- Class D volving combustible metals, such as titanium, mag- nesium, and aluminum. 27. Class _____ fire extinguishers are used in kitchens Class K on fires involving cooking fats, greases, and oils. 28. Class _____ or Class ____ fire extinguishers may use Class B and Class carbon dioxide. C 29. 35 feet 4 / 13  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud For Welding or Cutting, on floors where combustible materials such as paper clippings, wood shavings, or textile fibers are on the floor, the floor shall be swept clean for a radius of ________ feet. 30. T or F: Combustible floors shall be kept wet, cov- True ered with damp sand, or protected by fire-resistant shields. Where floors have been wet down, personnel operating arc welding or cutting equipment shall be protected from possible shock. 31. Reportable quantities of listed chemicals are re- Immediately quired to be reported when: 32. The National Safety Council suggest that the follow- 1. Provide for the ing are priorities for emergency planning and aslo safety of employ- suggest that they be ranked in order of importance ees and the public as follows: 2. Protect property and environment 3. Implement mea- sures to allow con- tinued or restora- tion of business operations (not considered a pri- ority) 33. What is the most common reason for sprinkler sys- The system was tem failures? shut off 34. Inside storage rooms for flammable liquids, raised 4 inches sills or ramps at least _______ in height shall be provided. 35. Inside storage rooms for flammable liquids, wood 1 inch at least _________ thick may be used for shelving, racks, dunnage, etc. 36. Electrical wiring and equipment located in storage Class 1, Division 2 rooms used for Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, 5 / 13  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below100 degrees shall be _____. 37. For Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint Approved for Gen- at 100 degrees or above and Category 4 flammable eral Use liquids, electrical wiring and equipment located in storage rooms shall be ____________. 38. Inside storage rooms for flammable liquids, ventila- Six tion systems shall be designed to provide for a com- plete change of air within the room at least ______ times per hour. 39. In every storage room there shall be maintained one 3 feet clear aisle at least _______ wide. 40. Containers over 30 gallons capacity shall not be Stacked upon _______? each other 41. BLEVE stands for? Boiling Liquid Ex- panding Vapor Ex- plosion 42. _______ occurs when there is a loss of containment BLEVE due to pressure build up from a liquid heated above its normal boiling point. 43. What are the primary hazards from BLEVE? Flying debris and the instantaneous ignition of the tank's flammable contents creating a large fireball 44. __________ are explosions resulting from a sufficient Combustible dust concentration of dust suspended in the air. explosion 45. ________ is the propagation of a combustion zone at Deflagration a velocity that is less than the speed of sound in the 6 / 13  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud unreacted medium. Most fire found in daily life is an example of this. 46. _________ substances ignite instantly upon expo- Pyrophoric sure to oxygen. Some but not all of these can also be water reactive. 47. What are the two primary methods used for detection Photoelectric and in smoke detectors? Ionization 48. How do photoelectric smoke detectors work? - Shine a beam of light in the alarm device - Have photosen- sors that will de- tect light but are not in direct line of sight to the light being emitted from the alarm light - Sense the smoke entering the de- vice by the smoke particles reflecting the light and hit- ting the photosen- sor tripping alarm - Are generally more responsive to fires that be- gin with a long period of smolder- ing or "Smoldering Fires" 49. How do Ionization Smoke Detectors work? - Have two elec- trodes that are used to create a circuit - Use Americi- 7 / 13  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud um-241 to close the circuit by cre- ating positive and negative ions be- tween the elec- trodes - Sense the dis- ruption of the flow fo positive and negative ions from smoke en- tering the detec- tor which trips the alarm - Are generally more responsive to flaming fires. 50. What smoke detector is generally more responsive to Ionization flaming fires? 51. What smoke detector is generally more responsive to Photoelectric smoldering fires? 52. ________ and _______ smoke detectors are used in Electrochemical carbon monoxide detection. and Biomimetic 53. ___________ smoke detector uses a gel that changes Biomimetic color when it absorbs carbon monoxide, and this color change triggers the alarm. 54. ______ smoke detector has electrodes in a chemical Electrochemical solution that sense changes in electrical currents when they come into contact with carbon monoxide, and this change triggers the alarm. 55. ______ is the process of chemically decomposing Pyrolysis organic materials at elevated temperatures in the ab- sence of oxygen? 8 / 13  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud 56. _______ occurs when two substances meet and in- Hypergolic reac- stantly ignite. tion 57. __________ is a substance that increases the rate Catalyst of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change or being consumed by the reaction. 58. ______ substances ignite instantly upon exposure to Phyrophoric oxygen. 59. _____ is the process of creating procedures, pro- Business Continu- grams, and other features that are designed to keep ity Plan business operations going or to reestablish business operations in the event of a potentially damaging events such as cyber-attacks, natural disasters, fires, etc. 60. ________ in the safety profession is most often asso- Sustainability ciated with how business meets current needs with- out compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 61. ________ is currently the third-leading cause of fatal Workplace Vio- occupational injuries in the United States. lence 62. According to OSHA, the best protection an employer To establish can provide against workplace violence is: a zero-tolerance workplace vio- lence policy 63. What is the first and most important responsibility of Identification a shipper when shipping hazardous materials? 64. What are the requirements for security plans for - Personnel Secu- transportation of hazardous materials? rity - Unauthorized Access - En-route security Security duties for 9 / 13  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud each position - Plan for Train- ing hazmat em- ployees 65. Security plans for transportation of hazardous mate- Annually and/or as rials should be reviewed and revised how often? necessary 66. Combustible Dust programs should be reviewed how Annually and/or as often? necessary 67. Combustible dust programs shall establish and im- an inspection, plement ________. maintenance, and testing program 68. _______ are written procedures that shall be es- Management of tablished and implemented to manage proposed Change changes to process materials, staffing, job tasks, technology, equipment, procedures, and facilities. This is a requirement in NFPA's combustible dust standard. 69. How often should training be done for employees Initial and refresh- who are involved in operating, maintaining, and su- er pervising facilities that handle combustible particu- late solids? 70. How often should the employer certify that training Annually and the review for the combustible particulate solids (dust) have been completed? 71. For DOT, white information on a red background is for Flammable Liquid ____________ sign or placard. 72. For DOT, bottom of the diamond white, top yellow is Radioactive for _______ sign or placard. 73. For DOT, Top of the diamond white with bottom black Corrosive is for ______ sign or placard. 10 / 13  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud 74. For DOT, black information on an orange background Explosives is for ______ sign or placard. 75. For DOT, Black information on a yellow background is Oxidizer for _____ sign or placard. 76. What are the signals associated with the fire alarm Alarm, Superviso- control unit? ry, and Trouble 77. A __ condition on the fire alarm control unit means Alarm there is an immediate threat to life, property, or mis- sion. 78. A ____ condition on a fire alarm control unit means Trouble there is an issue or fault with the fire alarm system. 79. A ____ condition on a fire alarm control unit means Supervisory there is an issue with a system, process, or equip- ment that is monitored by the fire alarm control unit. 80. A _______ is a signal indicating a concentration of Carbon Monoxide carbon monoxide at or above the alarm threshold. Alarm Signal 81. A ______ is a signal indicating a supervisory condi- Delinquency Sig- tion and the need for action in connection with the nal supervision of guards or system attendants. 82. A ____ is a distinctive alarm signal intended to be Evacuation signal recognized by the occupants as requiring evacuation of the building. 83. A ___ is a signal generated when a guard on patrol Guard's Tour Su- has activated this. pervisory Signal 84. A _______ is a signal that results from the detection Pre-Alarm Signal of pre-alarm condition. 85. A _________ is a signal that results from the return Restoration Sys- to normal conditions of initiating device, system ele- tem ment, or system. 11 / 13  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud 86. What are functions of a Jockey Pump in a sprinkler Maintains system system? pressure, reduces wear to the fire pump, pre- vents damage to heads, immediate and even distribu- tion of water 87. What are the three classifications of hazards of con- Low, Ordinary, tents from NFPA 101 life safety code? These clas- High sifications determine what fire protection measures should be employed to protect people 88. NFPA 101 - ______ is low combustibility, no self-prop- Low agating fire can occur. 89. NFPA 101 - ____ contents will burn with moderate ra- Moderate pidity or to give off a considerable amount of smoke 90. NFPA 101 - _________ likely to burn with extreme High rapidity or explosions likely. 91. A ______ liquid is defined as a liquid whose flash- Flammable point is less than 100 degrees F. 92. A _____ liquid is one whose flash point is 100 degrees Combustible F or greater. 93. Flash point less than 73 degrees and boiling point Class IA less than 100 degrees is Class _______ 94. Flash point less than 73 degrees and boiling point Class IB greater than 100 degrees is Class _____. 95. Flash point equal to or greater than 73 degrees but Class IC less than 100 degrees is class ______. 96. Flash point equal to or greater than 100 degrees, but Class II less than 140 degrees is Class _____. 12 / 13  Domain 5 - Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prev., and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bj4yud 97. Flash point equal to or greater than 140 degrees but Class IIIA less than 200 degrees is Class _____. 98. Flash point equal to or greater than 200 degrees is Class IIIB Class _____. Theoretically, there is no upper limit to this class. 99. ______ generally refers to any aspect or object that Natural Security naturally provides a security benefit just by the nature Mechanisms of its existence or purpose. 100. _____ is the lowest temperature that can support Fire point (this is continuous combustion. different from flash point. Flash point doesn't need to continually com- bust) 101. What is the most common type of sprinkler system? wet pipe 102. Workplace violence accounts for what percentage of 8-10% deaths in the US? 103. On the NFPA diamond, a crossed-out W in the white Do not use water diamond indicates what? in firefighting 104. What is the minimum vertical distance between fire 18 inches sprinklers and stored items or other obstructions per OSHA? 105. For a substance to be classified as "radioactive" it >70 bq/g must have a specific activity of: 106. A hybrid of a wet, a dry, and a deluge sprinkler system Preaction system is known as a: 13 / 13  Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9hvwoo 1. What was the leading cause of 25,000 fires Electrical over the past period of 10 years? 2. What is the leading cause of civilian fires? Smoking 3. What are the standards developed by the Na- National Fire Code tional Fire Protection Association (NFPA) for fire prevention and protection? 4. Auto ignition temperature is the minimum tem- Higher than ignition tem- perature at which a material would burn in the perature absence of an ignition source. This tempera- ture is? 5. In order for combustion reactions to start and Fuel, chemical reaction, proceed which of the following are needed si- oxygen, source of ignition multaneously? 6. Amount of Heat Released Formula 1) Drums X 55 Gallon Drum X lbs/gal X BTU 2) Cylinders X cylinder lbs X BTU 3) Add 1 and 2 together 7. Rate of Heat Transfer Formula Q=HA (T1-T2) Q= rate of heat transfer A= Area T= Temperature H= Heat Transfer 8. Rate of Heat Transfer in BTU/Hr Q = K A/L (T1-T2) Q= rate of heat transfer K= Thermal Conductivity A= Area of heat transfer T1 & T2 = change in Tem- perature 9. What would combustion products from a drum Sulfur oxides, carbon of carbon disulfide that is on fire? monoxide, carbon dioxide 1 / 12  Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9hvwoo 10. What compounds is a water reactive chemi- Potassium, Potassium cal? Cyanide 11. What is the most important consideration to Compatible storage prevent fire loss in a flammable liquid storage area? 12. What does Carbon Monoxide cause if exposed Asphyxiation because it is to its gas? more reactive than blood than oxygen 13. The gaseous products of combustion have a Low spots vapor density of less than 1 which means air in a fire situation is at? 14. Is Fire point lower than flash point if fire point Yes. Fire Point is lower is defined as the lowest temperature at which than flash point enough vapor is generated to support con- tinuous combustion in presence of ignition source? 15. A lower Flammability Limit (LFL) of 10% for a Concentrations above gas or vapor means that the gas would support 10% but below the UFL combustion at? 16. Formula for volume of a spill V=S.G (111)/V.D V=volume of vapor gener- ated per gallon of liquid va- porized G=liquid specific gravity V.D=vapor density 17. Why must materials that are classified as oxi- 1) If mixed with flamma- dizers be separated from flammables? bles, they may cause a fire in the absence of a source ignition 2) They can release oxy- gen or catalyze the com- bustion reactions 2 / 12  Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9hvwoo 18. Fire resistance rating for a building is based on 1) Laboratory Tests what? 2) Determines how long a structure withstands a fire 3) Has units of minutes or hours 19. Fire Load Formula Drums of chemical X lbs X Heat of combustion 20. Why are fixed temperature heat detectors not The air reaches a higher suitable for fires that have the potential for temperature before the de- developing quickly? vice 21. What do most fixed temperature heat detec- 1) Fusible Metal tors use? 2) Continuous wires sepa- rated by insulation 3) Bimetallic strips or disks 22. What is the purpose of rise fire detectors? 1) Are suitable for fast de- veloping fires 2) Classified as heat de- tectors 23. What is the purpose of rate compensation fire 1) Responds to a fixed detector? temperature 2) Temperature that rise rapidly are detected soon- er 24. What do Ionization fire detectors respond to? 1) Smoke particles 25. What can a dry fire extinguisher be used on? Metal fires 26. What gases are expected to be produced from HBr, HF use of Halon 1202 on a fire? 27. What is a foam extinguisher used for? Used as a heat resistance blanket that interferes with the chemical chain reac- 3 / 12  Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9hvwoo tion necessary for com- bustion reactions 28. What shouldn't Foam Extinguishers be used Class C Fires (electrical) on? 29. What is the function of Carbon Dioxide Fire Reduce oxygen concen- Extinguishers? tration in the atmosphere surrounding the fire 30. What should carbon dioxide extinguishing Organic peroxides, Mag- agents not be used on? nesium 31. What can dry chemical fire extinguisher Class B fires (flammable agents be used for? liquids or gases) 32. What is one major problem associated with Interference with visibility use of large quantities of dry chemical agents on a fire? 33. What are examples of class D fire extinguish- 1) Graphite powder ing agents? 2) Talc 3) Sand 34. What is a type of gas sensing fire detector Semiconductor and cat- system? alytic 35. What is a major reason sprinkler heads have Human error. 35% of sprin- unsatisfactory performance? kler failures have been caused by shutting the wa- ter supply to them during a fire 36. Water Pressure Formula P= p (g/gc) (h) p= pressure g= acceleration gc= factor which is equal to 1 in metric system or 32.2 in American Engi- 4 / 12  Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9hvwoo neering Sytem H= height of liquid 37. What is a deluge automatic sprinkler system? All sprinkler heads are open at all times 38. What is the formula for calculation of friction? Pd=4.52Q^1.85/C1.85d4.87 Pd= pressure loss due to friction in psi/ft Q= flow rate in gpm d= pipe inside diameter in inches C=coefficient of friction 39. What is the formula for orifice flow? P=(Q/K)^2 P= Pressure expressed in units of psi K= orifice discharge coeffi- cient Q=rate of flow expressed in gallons per minute 40. Value of residual pressure formula? Bernoulli's Theorem: VA^2/2g + PA/p +ZA = V^2B/2g + PB/p +ZB + hL V=velocity P=residual pressure p=density Z=elevation hL=head loss g=acceleration of gravity 41. Finding gpi of a sprinkler system? Q1/Q2=Square root of P1/square root P2 Q=gallons per minute P=pressure in psi 42. Velocity pressure in a pipe formula Pv=Q^2/891d^14 Pv=velocity pressure ex- pressed in psi 5 / 12  Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9hvwoo Q=flow rate expressed in gpm d=pipe diameter ex- pressed in inches 43. What is the maximum amount of Class 1A flam- Only NFPA 45 approved mable liquid that can be stored in a laboratory amounts of flammable liq- unit with a sprinkler system? uids shall be stored in laboratory units outside flammable liquid storage rooms (12,000 gallons) 44. What is the classification of a flammable liq- Class 1A,1B,1C uids? 45. No more than _________ gallons of Class I, 120 Class II, Class IIIA liquids shall be stored in an approved flammable storage cabinet. 46. What is the purpose of a Jockey Pump 1) Small pump used to keep pressure on a fire main 2) Keeps a high positive pressure on the discharge side of fire pumps 3) If you put packing in the stuffing box of the fire pump, the pump will run almost continually to com- pensate for the packing leakage 47. How do you calculate flow rate of pressure? Q2=Q1 (S-R2)^.54/(S-R1)^.54 Q2=final flow rate Q1= initial flow rate S=initial pressure R1= initial residual pres- sure 6 / 12  Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9hvwoo R2= final residual pres- sure 48. Sodium azide solution can result in serious All the above explosion hazards if the waste is disposed in a sink made of: A) Copper B) Lead C) Brass D) All the above 49. What signals are used in Fire Detection and 1) Supervisory alarm systems? 2) Alarm 3) Trouble 50. What is convection? The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid 51. What is conduction? transfer of energy from one place to another by contact 52. What is combustion? the process of burning something 53. What is radiation? The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves 54. What is class 1 hazardous location? Flammable vapors and gases may be present 55. Class 2 hazardous location? Combustible dusts may be found 56. Class 3 hazardous location? May be ignitable fibers 57. What color coding is used for sprinkler head Orange (found from table) designed for a maximum ceiling temperature of 300F? 7 / 12  Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9hvwoo 58. What is the purpose of Halon Fire Extinguish- 1) Made by halogenating a er? hydrocarbon 2) Stop the spread of fire by chemically disrupting combustion 3) Halon is rated for Class B, Class C but is also ef- fective on Class A 59. What is a consequence of boiling liquid ex- 1) Overpressure, blast panding vapor explosion (BLEVE)? wave, fireball and vessel fragment hazards 60. What is hypergolic? The ignition of a fuel when it comes into contact with an oxidizer without the presence of an outside source of ignition 61. What is a pyrophoric material? -Metal hydrides -White phosphorus -Alkyl lithium's 62. What is the first step when responding to a Protect the people spill? 63. What statement is not true in regards to C) Ensure travel distance portable fire extinguisher intended for emer- from employee is 100 feet gency response: or less A) Selection and distribution of portable fire extinguishers must be based on class, size and degree of workplace fire hazards B) Mounting location must be accessible in an emergency C) Ensure that travel distance is 100 feet or less from employee D) Maintain fire extinguisher (inspect on a monthly basis) 64. 8 / 12  Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9hvwoo Which of the following is NOT true in regard to D) Test alarms once a alarm systems? week A) Provide a distinctive and perceivable alarm system for emergency action B) Ensure that all equipment used for alarm systems is approved C) Ensure that all equipment has spare com- ponents D) Test alarms once a week 65. What must a written in a Emergency Action D) The name, telephone, Plan? etc. A) The fire and emergency reporting proce- dures B) Procedures for emergency evacuation in- cluding type of evacuation and exit routes C) Procedures for those who remain to operate critical operations prior to Evacuation D) The name, telephone number and other rel- evant information of outside emergency per- sonnel who are expected to respond 66. What are the elements of a Process Safety B,C,D Management Emergency Plan? A) Conduct a reliability analysis for each com- ponent of covered processes and upcoming date and revalidate the analysis every 2 years B) Incorporate emergency shutdown actions and operations into the written operating pro- cedures for each process C) Implement an Emergency Action Plan for the facility as described in 1910.38 D) Maintain the mechanical integrity of PSM Emergency Systems and Alarms 67. What are the elements of a sound emergency A,B,D response plan for hazardous waste? A) Develop a emergency action plan B) Identify emergency response personnel 9 / 12  Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9hvwoo C)Identify the name and telephone numbers of federal, state and local emergency response personnel D)Identify essential PPE 68. What step does not belong when establishing C a fire brigade? A) Prepare and maintain a fire brigade written organizational statement and document train- ing information B) Ensure employees expected to fight fires are physically capable to perform assigned du- ties C) Inspect and maintain fire fighting equip- ment monthly, respirators annually. Remove or replace equipment D) Supply protective clothing with compo- nents to protect the head, body, and extremi- ties to no cost of employees 69. A comprehensive crime prevention assess- D ment should ask all the following except: A) What is the prevailing attitude toward secu- rity? B) Who is responsible for overall security pro- gram? C) How are security policies enforced? D) What kind of physical safety systems are presently used in other organizations? 70. According to OSHA regulations companies B with_____ or more employees must have a written emergency action plan: A) 5 B) 10 C) 1 D) 20 71. Emergency procedures including the handling D of any toxic chemicals should include all the 10 / 12  Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9hvwoo following except: A) Escape procedures B) Special procedures for employees who per- form or shut down critical plant operations C) Systems to account for all employees after evacuation and for information about the plan D) Procedures for segregation of toxic chemi- cals based on their toxicity level 72. Which of the following is the most effective D disciplinary action against the employee if an employee is witnessed by a supervisor not following safety rules? A) Immediately inform the HR department in writing B) Suspend the employee and provide training C) Provide the employee with a written warning D) Use verbal reprimand first and if the behav- ior continues, issue a written warning followed by suspension and eventual termination 73. What does the blue section of NFPA 704 sys- Health Hazard tem indicate? 74. In fire fighting operations, water can extin- C guish a fire by which of the following mecha- nisms: A) Blocking Oxygen B) Stopping chemical chain reactions C) Cooling D) All the above 75. Which of the following is the best tool for min- D imizing loss of life during a fire? A) Compatible storage of flammables B) Use of fire resistant materials C) Fire proofing of structural systems D) Automatic sprinkler systems 76. B 11 / 12  Emergency Preparedness, Fire Protection and Security Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9hvwoo When transferring flammable or combustible liquids between containers, which of the fol- lowing safety measures must be undertaken? A) Provide electrical grounding for the larger container B) Ground both containers C) Bond the containers with an electrical con- ductor D) Elimination of all sources of ignition 77. Which of the following represents the BEST C classification for welding and cutting opera- tions? A) Friction producing work B) Heat producing work C) Hot Work D) Mechanical spark producing work 12 / 12  Domain 5 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_amitvl 1. Combustion · The rapid exothermic or heat-producing chemical reac- tion of oxygen with a fuel 2. Complete Com- carbon dioxide bustion 3. Incomplete com- carbon monoxide bustion 4. exothermic reac- heat producing, reactor gets HOT tion 5. endothermic re- heat consuming, reactor gets cold action 6. Heat of Combus- The amount of heat released as a result of complete tion combustion of a fuel 7. Modes of Heat Conduction, convention, radiation Transfer 8. Conduction the mechanism of thermal energy transfer from one mol- ecule to another by direct contact 9. Convention Takes place as a result of fluid motion 10. Interphase Goes from one phase to another Example - The metal on a heater gets hot (solid phase), and heats the surrounding air (gaseous phase) 11. Metallic Phase Takes place in one phase 12. radiation The amount of heat transfer is proportional to the fourth power of temperature 13. Radiation does NOT require a medium for heat transfer 14. Fire Tetrahedron Fuel, oxygen, 1/9  Domain 5 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_amitvl source of ignition chemical chain reaction 15. Solid Fuel wood, coal, paper, plastics, and metals such as magne- sium or cesium 16. Flammable Liq- Flash point BELOW 100 degrees uids 17. Combustible Liq- Flash point ABOVE 100 degrees uids 18. Flash Point The lowest temperature at which a liquid can generate enough vapor above its surface to support combustion in the presence of a source of ignition 19. Vapor Pressure The pressure exerted by a vapor on it's liquid at equilibri- um 20. Flash Point The lower the value, the more of a fire hazard the liquid is 21. Vapor Pressure a measure of the volatility of a liquid 22. Boiling Point The temperature at which the liquid transforms into vapor at a given pressure 23. Boiling Point decreases with a decrease in ambient pressure 24. Normal boiling Sea level pressure = 1 atmosphere point 25. Lower Explosive · The minimum concentration of vapor in air below which Limit (LEL) a flame will not propagate 26. Upper Explosive The maximum concentration of flammable vapor in air Limit (UEL) above which a flame will not propagate 27. Auto-ignition The lowest temperature that will produce combustion in Temperature the absence of an ignition source 2/9  Domain 5 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_amitvl 28. Specific Gravity A measure of a liquid fuel compared to water 29. solubility § Does it dissolve in water? 30. Vapor Denisty A measure of a relative densities of vapors and gases compared to air under the same conditions of tempera- ture and pressure 31. Flammable gas At ambient pressure and temperature has a flammability range of more than 12% Has a UFL of 13% or less by volume Catches fire at relatively low concentrations 32. Carbon Monox- a result of the incomplete combustion of carbon-contain- ide ing compounds 33. Carbon Dioxide Fires produce large amounts, reducing the amount of oxygen 34. Hydrogen A deadly gas that is produced during a fire from the Cyanide combustion of materials such as wool, silk, etc 35. Sulfur dioxide A strong irritant gas that can be produced during fires from the combustion of sulfur-containing materials 36. Ammonia Generated from the combustion of materials such as wool, wilk, fertilizers, explosives, and nylon 37. Vinyl Chloride Can be generated by combustion of materials such as PVC, dyes, perfumes, agriculture chemicals, and some fire-retardant materials 38. Nitrogen dioxide Combustion of nitrogen containing compounds such as fabrics, cellulose nitrate, celluloid, catalysts 39. Hydrogen sulfide Generated as a result of the incomplete combustion of sulfur containing compounds such as wool and rubber 40. Water Reactive one that would produce either a flammable gas or a toxic chemical gas when it comes into contact with water or moisture 3/9  Domain 5 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_amitvl 41. Hypergolic the ignition of a fuel when it comes into contact with an oxidizer without the presence of an outside source of ignition 42. Oxidizers have excess oxygen in their molecules and can release the excess molecules 43. Pyrophoric Mate- ·substances that ignite instantly upon exposure to oxy- rials gen, No source of ignition is needed 44. Pyrophoric Mate- Examples - metal hydrides, white phosphorus, alkyl lithi- rials ums 45. Oxidizer Example - Hydrogen peroxide 46. On a NFPA Flammability 704 Diamond: The red quad- rant describes the _______. 47. On a NFPA 704 Health Diamond: The blue quadrant in- dicates_______ 48. On a NFPA Reactivity 704 Diamond: The yellow quadrant indi- cates_______ 49. On a NFPA 704 special hazard Diamond: The white quadrant indicates______ 50. NFPA 704 dia- Red, blue, white, yellow mond 4/9  Domain 5 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_amitvl 51. Boiling liquid ex- Bleve panding vapor explosion 52. Bleve · The failure of a container holding a liquid above its boiling point, which may result in an explosion 53. Bleve Consequences include overpressure blast wave, fireball, and vessel garment hazards 54. Class A fire Fire of ordinary combustible materials Wood, cloth, paper, rubber, plastics 55. Class B Fire Fires in flammable of combustible liquids and gases Flammable liquids, gases, greases, etc. 56. Class C fire fires in energized electrical equipment 57. Halons used to extinguish electrical fires, are not as messy as carbon dioxide and can help preserve electronics, be- cause they leave no residue 58. Class D Fire Fires in combustible metals Magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, and potassium 59. Class K Fires Usually kitchen fires 60. Dry Powder Suitable for use on combustible metal fires (Class D) by creating smothering or heat 61. Foam Usually used on flammable liquid fires (Class B) form a vapor seal blanket on the surface of the flammable material 62. Carbon Dioxide put out a fire by reducing the oxygen concentration in the Extinguisher atmosphere Dilute the atmosphere to concentrations below its LFL 63. Carbon Dioxide Used to extinguish fires in: Ectinguisher Ordinary combustibles (Class A) 5/9  Domain 5 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_amitvl Most flammable liquids (Class B) Electrical fires (Class C) 64. Class A extin- extinguishers not exceed 75 ft guisher 65. Class B extin- extinguishers is 50 ft. - flammable liquid fires spread faster guisher 66. Class C extin- extinguishers with no maximum travel distance guisher 67. Class D extin- extinguishers is 75 ft guisher 68. Hydrostatic test- required to detect corrosion, physical damage, improper ing assembly of parts and damage to the mechanical prop- erties of metal parts 69. National Electric Classifies hazardous locations depending on type of haz- Code (NEC) ardous substance present 70. Class I Location flammable vapors and gases may be present 71. Class II Location combustible dust may be found 72. Class III Location may contain ignitable fibers 73. Division 1 loca- designed because a flammable gas, hazardous quantities tions or dust is usually present 74. Division 2 loca- hazardous quantities are not usually present but may tions exist accidentally or when material in storage is handled 75. Bonding the mechanism of connecting two conducting bodies by means of a conductor 76. Bonding does not eliminate static charges, but controls charges and makes potential difference between two bodies equal 6/9  Domain 5 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_amitvl 77. Static electricity movement of electrons 78. Grounding provides a conducting path between the charged object and the earth 79. Regular dry pipe The sprinkler heads are attached to piping which contains systems air or nitrogen under pressure 80. Regular dry pipe When a sprinkler head is opened due to heat from a systems fire, the air or nitrogen pressure in the dry pipe falls to a point where water on the supply side of the system forces the supply valve to open, and water flows through any sprinkler head which is open 81. Wet Pipe System The sprinkler heads are attached to a piping that contains water under pressure at all times 82. · Pre-action au- Designed to control the fire when there is possibility of tomatic sprinkler damage to piping or sprinkler heads and the property is systems sensitive to water 83. · Deluge System The sprinkler heads are open at all times. A fire detecting