History Notes PDF

History ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What is history? Why do we study it? What is History? A chronological record of significant events (as affecting a nation or institution) often including an explanation of their causes A study of the events of the past, how and why they happened, as well as w...

History ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What is history? Why do we study it? What is History? A chronological record of significant events (as affecting a nation or institution) often including an explanation of their causes A study of the events of the past, how and why they happened, as well as what happened as a result A branch of knowledge that records and explains past events Your favorite? Which is the most accurate? Why? WHY study history? Pls Watch A short clip giving their take on the question:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVMefajKHS8&t=20 4s  WHY study history? Why do you think we should study history?  “Those who are ignorant of the mistakes of the past are doomed to repeat them.” Majoha!! A simple reminder How do we understand history?  Scientific Process for historians If tested and proven multiple times, Ask a question becomes an established theory Either validated by peers or Do background research disproven Form hypothesis Publish results for other scientists to review Test hypothesis (intensive research that examines all data or conducts Confirm results and form experiment) conclusion Look familiar?  Engineering design process Historians being who they are  Historiando research and find “the truth?”  Evidences are used.  How do we know what we know about history when we were not there?  Written record – Letters, diaries, newspapers, books…  Oral record – Stories, music, speeches…  Visual record – Photographs, artwork, TV…  Artifacts – Things left behind (buildings, clothing, pottery…) The written record The Written Record  Whenstudying history, we use PRIMARY SOURCES and SECONDARY SOURCES.  So… what are they? What do you think they are? What is a source? Why do we use sources?  Primary sources A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event. Information from http://www.princeton.edu/~refdesk/primary2.html Types of primary sources  Some types of primary sources include:  ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records  CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art  RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings Examples of primary sources  Letter of A. Bonifacio – letter of instruction  The 1986 Phil. Constitution  A Historical journal/ article reporting NEW research or findings- Phil Historical Association  Weavings and pottery - Cordilleras Primary sources  Secondary sources A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event. Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them. Some types of secondary sources include: PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias Information from http://www.princeton.edu/~refdesk/primary2.html Examples of secondary sources A journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings A history textbook  book on WWI Can you think of any other secondary sources? For sources, always ask yourself  What is the source?  Whenand where was it produced?  Who created it?  For whom was it created?  What was the creator’s intent? Primary vs. secondary sources Present:  Which source is more valuable/important than VS. the other? Why/why not? The oral record  Oral record  The Indigenous Communities of the Philippines do not have a written record. How do we know about their lives and history before then? How did THEY know?  Are oral histories reliable? Why or why not? Oral history today  Oral history very popular today, and many people are working to record people’s stories to preserve them for future generations. The visual record Visual sources  How can the visual record be helpful to us when we try to understand the past?  What types of visual sources can we use? Photographs Artwork Video Visual Record Visual Record The Artifact Record Artifact record  Whatis an artifact? Put it in your own words.  Foreach of the following pictures, tell what you can conclude about the time in the past that is shown. Your Historical Investigation  The place is built 1909, an American colonial legacy.  It serves as an official residence.  You need:  Selfie/groupie  Do a Historical write up about the place.  Documented-proof  Collective reflection about historical investigation 5 things you did yesterday  Did you leave a record of any of these? Written, oral, visual, and/or artifact  Howwould future HISTORIANS know what you did? 3, 2, 1 3 most important things why do we need to study the past?  What are 2 warnings you need to give someone who is trying to “figure out” the past?  Answerthis 1 important question: How do we know what we know about the past when we were not there? Discuss the validity of this statement: History is what we choose to remember about the past. What about these questions…  What is bias? Does it exist in history?  Can we be sure that we actually KNOW what happened in the past?  How can we make sure that we are studying history as it actually happened, and not just how someone chose to write it? Bias and Point of View (POV)  What’s the difference?  Bias– generally has a negative context, prejudice QUESTION: Which one is a football? Point of View/Perspective  Generally has a neutral context  Theway one considers an issue; mental attitude or opinion Perspective can be built by examining: Geography, Economics, Culture, Government, and Technology Importance of historical events  So,at some point you/historians have to JUDGE an event’s RELATIVE IMPORTANCE.  Let’s break it down. What does relative mean? What does importance mean?  Point of View A group of five people go for a walk: an artist, an engineer, a biologist, an athlete, and a real estate developer. They are out in the woods when they come upon a crystal- clear, flowing river. How do you think each of these people would view the river? How does the previous scenario relate to our study of history and historians? Sources/ References  Image Source:  https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=605740801598547&set  https://outoftownblog.com/these-must-see-historic-photos-will-let-you-discover-the-philippines-colorful- history/  https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/antique-black-and-white-photograph-bamberos-or-manila-fire- company-philippines-gm1330226327-413710622  https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=565570927&sxsrf  https://www.google.com/search?q=oldest+newspaper+in+the+philippines  https://www.google.com/search?q=Luna+art+in+the+philippines&tbm=isch&ved  https://www.google.com/search?q=old+baguio+in+the+philippines&tbm=isch&ved  https://www.google.com/search?q=pre+spanish+philippines&tbm=isch&ved  https://www.google.com/search?q=oldest+ticket+in+the+philippines&tbm=isch&ved