week 2-5 mam jayla.pdf

SOCIAL STUDIES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Social studies o study of individuals, communities, systems, and their interactions across time and place that prepares students for local, national, and global civic life. o to develop students' understanding...

SOCIAL STUDIES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Social studies o study of individuals, communities, systems, and their interactions across time and place that prepares students for local, national, and global civic life. o to develop students' understanding of society and social relations. o Study of people: their roles, relationships, feelings, identities, homes, communities, values, and humanity o should be naturally integrated into everything we do More Specifically o Feelings: Understanding, expressing, releasing, controlling o Personality Development: Self-esteem, self-awareness, self-motivation, self-control o Social Skills: Sharing, cooperation, communication, negotiation o Social Values: Respect, caring, responsibility, freedom, individuality, diversity o Social Themes: me, family, community (places, people, occupations, transportations), cultures, people o Social Issues: Violence, prejudice, drugs, child abuse o Emotional Issues: Death, separation/divorce, abuse, illness/hospitalization, moving, separation anxiety, sibling rivalry. John Dewey- Taking an Integrated Approach o Learning could be more meaningful if content areas are blended for curriculum and instruction. o Encouraged teachers to use social studies as the foundation for activity-based learning built on children’s interest Jerome Bruner- Age Appropriate Level o Theory of Cognitive Development: believe that children construct knowledge and meaning through active experience with the world around them. National Council for Social Studies (Scope of and sequence for Social Studies in Primary Grades) o Kindergarten - awareness of self in the social setting o First Grade - The individual in school and family life o Second Grade - The neighborhood o Third Grade - Sharing the earth with others in the community Social Studies Content themes o Culture o Time continuity and change o People, places and environments o Individual development and identity o Individual, groups, and institutions o Power, authority and governance o production, distribution and consumption o science, technology and society o Global Connections o Civic ideals and practices Purpose of Social Studies Education o To help students develop: ▪ Social Understanding (Knowledge of human societies) ▪ Civic Competence (Democratic citizenship Civic Competence o duties or activities of people in relation to their town, city or local area.  o readiness and willingness to assume citizenship responsibilities. Importance of Studying Social Studies Education o Without historical understanding - there can be no wisdom o Without geographical understanding- No cultural or environmental intelligence o Without economic understanding- there can be no knowledge in using resources or no rational approach in decision making. o Without civic understanding- there can be no democratic citizens, therefore no democracy Historical Development of Social Studies Education o The United States of America appeared to be the “Mother Country” of Social Studies o Social Education in the 18th and 19th Centuries ▪ American Revolution ▪ Declaration of Independence ▪ US Constitution Thomas Jefferson o History and Geography were important subjects for a primary education Benjamin Rush o an American Revolutionary, a Founding Father of the United States and signatory to the US Declaration of Independence. o Saw the need for education to develop good citizen. Purpose (National Council for the Social Studies) o To help young people develop the ability to make informed and reasoned decisions for the public good as citizens of a culturally diverse, democratic society in an interdependent world. Influential Theories and Theorists o Jean Piaget- Theory of Cognitive Development. 5 Stages: ▪ Sensorimotor (0 to 2 years)- coordination of senses with motor senses; sensory curiosity of the world; language used for demands & cataloguing; object permanence ▪ Pre-operational (2 to 7 years)- symbolic thinking; proper syntax & grammar; strong imagination & intuition; complex abstract thoughts are difficult; conservation is developed. ▪ Concrete Operational (7 to 11 years)- concepts attached to concrete situations; time, space & quantity are understood and applied, but not as independent concepts. ▪ Formal Operational (12 above)- theoretical, hypothetical, counterfactual thinking; abstract & logical reasoning; strategy & planning; concepts applied to another. o Lev Vygotsky- Sociocultural Theory ▪ cognitive development is influenced by cultural and social factors ▪ emphasized the role of social interaction in the development of mental abilities e.g., speech and reasoning. o Constructivism ▪ suggests that learners do not passively acquire knowledge through direct instruction. ▪ They construct their understanding through experiences and social interaction, integrating new information with their existing knowledge.  o John Dewey- Progressive Education ▪ Learning by Doing Community o A group of people living in a particular place or share common interest. o Can be a geographical area, a shared identity, or a group with a common goal. Examples of Community o Neighborhood- people living in a specific area, sharing a sense of place. o School- students, teachers, and staff united by learning and education. o Family- related individuals living together, sharing a household and support. o Religious group- people sharing beliefs, practices, and values related to a specific religion. o Online Community- people interacting online through shared interests, goals, or experiences. Importance of Community o Provides a sense of safety and connection, offering a network for help and encouragement. o Helps us understand who we are and where we fit in the world. o Encourages working together, building trust, and achieving shared goals. o Offers opportunities for learning, skill development, and personal growth. o Creates a sense of shared responsibility for the well-being of the group. Cultural Diversity o Variety of cultures that exist within a community or society. o Examples: different languages, religions, traditions, values, & beliefs. Inclusion o Creating a welcoming & supportive environment for everyone, regardless of their differences. Importance of Inclusion o Promotes understanding and empathy o Creates a sense of belonging for all o Encourages respect and appreciation for diversity Teaching Strategies for Cultural Awareness o Recognize and celebrate cultural holidays from various backgrounds. o Show an interest in learning about your students’ ethnic backgrounds. o Use language that is respectful and avoid stereotypes. o Maintain an inclusive curriculum that respects differences. Teaching Strategies  o Practices teachers use to engage their students in better learning. 5 Culturally Responsive Instructional Strategies 1. Get to know your students 2. Incorporate real-world learning scenarios 3. Use learning stations 4. Include games in lessons 5. Bring in guest speakers Geography o systematic study of all spatial patterns of all phenomena on or near the Earth’s surface. o Interaction between people and environment. Basic Geography Concepts o Location- specific position of a place on Earth. ▪ described in terms of absolute location (using coordinates) or relative location (describing a place in relation to other places). o Place- physical and human characteristics that make a location unique. ▪ includes natural features (mountains or rivers) and human-made features buildings or roads. ▪ Physical features, climate, language o Region- area defined by certain common characteristics, which can be physical (like climate or landforms) or cultural (like language or economic activities). Maps and Globes introduce spatial thinking Map o flat representation of the Earth's surface, showing locations, features, and distances. o picture of the world but drawn on a piece of paper or a screen. o help us find our way, show us where places are located, how to get from one place to another, show us different countries, continents, oceans, mountains, rivers, and other features. o help us see how places are connected and how far apart they are. o use symbols, colors, and lines to represent different features. Types of Maps o Political Map ▪ Show political boundaries (countries, states, and cities). ▪ often use colors or patterns to distinguish different regions. ▪ can be used to discuss political boundaries and global issues. o Physical Map ▪ Show physical features (mountains, rivers, lakes, and oceans). ▪ Uses different colors or shading to represent elevation or depth. ▪ It helps understand the Earth's physical features and how they affect different parts of the world. ▪ can be used to discuss climate, weather, and natural disasters. o Thematic Map ▪ Show specific data or information (population density, climate zones, or rainfall patterns). ▪ use symbols, colors, or shading to represent the data. ▪ Helps visualize and understand complex data. ▪ used to discuss population distribution, climate change, or other global issues. Map Components: Reading the clues o Legend (key)- explains the symbols and colors used on a map.  o Scale- Shows the relationship between distances on the map and actual distances ▪ helps us understand how big or small things are on the map. ▪ Helps us understand the relative size of things on the map and how distances on the map relates to real-world distances. o Compass Rose- Shows the directions North, South, East, and West. ▪ helps us orient ourselves on the map & understand the location of places. ▪ Helps us orient ourselves on the map and understand the location of places in relation to each other. Globe o three-dimensional model of the Earth. o shows the Earth's shape, continents, oceans, and other features in their correct proportions. o most accurate way to represent the Earth's surface. o don't distort the shapes and sizes of continents and oceans. o help us understand the spatial relationships between different parts of the world. o see how continents are connected, how oceans flow, and how different regions are located in relation to each other. o help us visualize the Earth's spherical shape and understand concepts like the equator, poles, latitude & longitude. Equator o imaginary line that circles the Earth at 0 degrees latitude. o divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. Pole o North Pole and South Pole are the points at the top and bottom of the Earth. o maps are flat representations of a round Earth, they often distort the shapes and sizes of places, especially near the poles. Continents o large landmasses on Earth, separated from other landmasses by oceans or other significant physical features. Ocean o a vast body of saltwater o plays a big role in regulating the Earth's climate. o absorbs heat from the sun and distribute it around the globe. Spatial thinking o a crucial skill that goes beyond geography, impacting success in science, history, math, and even language o helps us understand the world around us, from historical events to technological advancements and prepare us for a global society. Symbols- visual shortcuts that help us quickly interpret information on a map. Scale- helps us understand how distances on a map relate to real-world distances. Key considerations when choosing maps and globes o Age-Appropriateness: Choose maps and globes with appropriate levels of detail and complexity for the age group. o Clarity of Symbols: Look for maps with clear and easy-to-understand symbols. Use a legend or key to explain the symbols. o Durability: Choose maps and globes that are durable and can withstand repeated use. o Visual Appeal: Select maps and globes with bright colors and engaging visuals to capture children's attention.  Technology Tools o Interactive Maps: Google Maps, National Geographic Maps, and other online mapping tools allow students to zoom in on locations, explore different perspectives, and get directions. o Educational Videos: BrainPop, National Geographic Kids, and other educational platforms offer videos that explain geographic concepts in a fun and engaging way. o Online Games: Geography games for kids can provide interactive learning experiences, such as identifying countries on a map, matching landmarks to locations, or playing quizzes about different cultures. o Virtual Field Trips: Virtual field trips allow students to explore places around the world without leaving the classroom. They can visit museums, historical sites, and natural wonders. Ethical Considerations o Privacy: Ensure that you are using technology in a way that protects the privacy of your students. o Safety: Use age-appropriate apps and websites and monitor student activity online. o Digital Citizenship: Teach students about responsible online behavior, including respecting others, avoiding cyberbullying, and protecting their personal information. o Screen Time: Be mindful of screen time and encourage a balance between technology use and other activities.