Week 14 Qualitative Research PDF

College of Health Sciences Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Program NUR-3253 Research Methodology for Nursing By: Prof. Farida Habib Dr, Amina Elzeiny.2 Week 14 Qualitative Research...

College of Health Sciences Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Program NUR-3253 Research Methodology for Nursing By: Prof. Farida Habib Dr, Amina Elzeiny.2 Week 14 Qualitative Research Part I ©McGraw-Hill Education 3 Learning Objectives By the end of the presentation the students will be able to: 1. Contrast the characteristics of qualitative research with the characteristics of quantitative research. 2. Describe five qualitative research approaches. 3. Describe the intended outcome of each qualitative approach. ©McGraw-Hill Education 4 How does Qualitative research Differ from Quantitative Research? A systematic, subjective approach is used to describe life experiences and give them meaning. Useful in understanding human experiences such as caring, powerlessness, and comfort. Focuses on understanding the whole. Consistent with holistic philosophy of nursing. SLO 1: Contrast the characteristics of qualitative research with the characteristics of quantitative research. ©McGraw-Hill Education 5 Frameworks for Qualitative Studies? The goal of qualitative research is not hypothesis testing. Each type of qualitative research is guided by a particular philosophical stance (e.g multiple realities). SLO 2: Describe five qualitative research approaches. ©McGraw-Hill Education 6 How does Data Differ in Qualitative Studies? Data is subjective. Data incorporate perceptions and beliefs of researcher and participants. ©McGraw-Hill Education 7 Example of Quantitative Data Question: Thinking about the past week, how depressed would you say you have been on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means “not at all” and 10 means “the most possible”? ©McGraw-Hill Education 8 Example of Qualitative Data Tell me about how you’ve been feeling lately—have you felt sad or depressed at all, or have you generally been in good spirits? Data: “Well, actually, I’ve been pretty depressed lately, to tell you the truth. I wake up each morning and I can’t seem to think of anything to look forward to. I mope around the house allday, kind of in despair. I just can’t seem to shake the blues, and I’ve begun to think I need to go see a shrink.” (Participant 1) ©McGraw-Hill Education 9 Approaches to Qualitative Research 1. Phenomenological 2. Grounded theory 3. Ethnography 4. Exploratory-descriptive-qualitative 5. Historical ©McGraw-Hill Education 10 1. Phenomenology Understanding the essence of lived experience and meaning related to a phenomenon In-depth interviewing methods, self-reports Data analysis: Statements, meanings, themes, contextual description, etc. Example of a phenomenological study: In-depth interviews to explore the lived experience of first-time fatherhood from the perspective of military men deployed to combat regions during birth. ©McGraw-Hill Education 11 2. Ethnography Describing & interpreting a cultural or social group. Ethnographic research is in some cases concerned with broadly defined cultures (e.g., Hmong refugee communities). ©McGraw-Hill Education 12 3. Grounded Theory Research Developing a theory grounded in data from the research field. Grounded theory was developed in the 1960s by two sociologists, Glaser and Strauss (1967). It attempts to unravel the meanings of people's interactions, social actions, and experiences. ©McGraw-Hill Education 13 4. Exploratory Descriptive Qualitative  Sets out to explore a topic of interest that is infrequently studied in order to understand the experiences and viewpoints of the research participants.  is usually conducted when a researcher has just begun an investigation and wishes to understand the topic generally. ©McGraw-Hill Education 14 5. Historical involves examining past events to draw conclusions and make predictions about the future. employing numerical data and statistical analysis to explore patterns, trends, and relationships within historical phenomena. ©McGraw-Hill Education 15 Process of Qualitative Research Process are similar for qualitative and quantitative research. Select topic. State problem or question. Justify significance of study. Design study. Identify and gain access to data sources. Select study subjects. Slo 3: Describe the intended outcome of each qualitative approach. ©McGraw-Hill Education 16 Methods of Qualitative Research Methods are unique to qualitative research 1. Selection of subjects. 2. Researcher-participant relationship. 3. Data collection methods. 4. Data management. 5. Data analysis. 6. Interpretation. ©McGraw-Hill Education 17 1. Subjects Selection Subjects are referred to as participants. May volunteer to be involved in study May be selected by researcher because of their particular knowledge, experience, or views related to study Sampling Methods 1. Purposive 2. Convenience 3. Snowball ©McGraw-Hill Education 18 Purposive Sampling Also known as judgment, selective or subjective sampling. May select individuals typical in relation to the phenomenon under study. May seek out individuals different in some way from other participants to get diverse perspectives. The idea behind purposive sampling is to concentrate on people with particular characteristics who will better be able to assist with the relevant research. ©McGraw-Hill Education 19 ©McGraw-Hill Education 20 Snowballing Technique Snowballing technique is commonly used. Also called network sampling or chain sampling. is a variant of convenience. sampling. With this approach, early sample members (called seeds) are asked to refer other people who meet the eligibility criteria. ©McGraw-Hill Education 21 Focus Groups Used to study qualitative issues. Obtain participants’ perceptions of narrow subject in a group interview session. Give group a feeling of “safety in numbers”. Nonverbal approaches are included. Discussion helps to provide depth of data. ©McGraw-Hill Education 22 Focus Group Considerations May sort participants into smaller groups with common characteristics: segmentation. Need to select an effective moderator to keep discussion on track. The setting should be relaxed and comfortable. High-quality recordings should be made. ©McGraw-Hill Education 23 Critically Appraise the Use of Focus Groups 1. What was the aim of the focus group? 2. Was the group size appropriate for the focus group method? 3. Was the group sufficiently homogeneous to speak candidly? 4. Was moderator successful in keeping discussion focused? 5. Was the aim of the focus group achieved? 6. Did conclusions appear to be representative? 7. Were minority positions identified and explored? ©McGraw-Hill Education 24 Critical Thinking Question 1. Indicate the different approaches to qualitative research ©McGraw-Hill Education 25 Critical Thinking Question 2. Identify the focus group considerations. ©McGraw-Hill Education