Volleyball History & Rules PDF

Volleyball______________________ Introduction Volleyball is a popular sport which can be played both indoors and outdoors. It appeals to people of all ages and skill levels. It is fast-paced, with constant jumping and running, and thus provides a strenuous aerobic workout. It also requires mental al...

Volleyball______________________ Introduction Volleyball is a popular sport which can be played both indoors and outdoors. It appeals to people of all ages and skill levels. It is fast-paced, with constant jumping and running, and thus provides a strenuous aerobic workout. It also requires mental alertness and quick, precise physical reactions. Many associate volleyball with the beaches of Southern California and in fact, a number of professional players get their start by playing beach volleyball. However, volleyball is popular not only on the beaches, but in virtually every country of the world. History Volleyball originated in Holyoke, Massachusetts when the director, William Morgan, of a local 1895 YMCA used the bladder of a basketball and a tennis net. The United States Volleyball Association was founded and started regulating the game. 1928 Indoor Volleyball was officially recognized as a part of the Summer Olympic Games held in Tokyo 1964 Japan. - The Soviet Union won Gold in mens - Japan won Gold in womens Beach Volleyball was officially recognized as a part of the Summer Olympic Games held in 1996 Atlanta, Georgia. - The U.S.A won Gold in mens - Brazil won Gold in womens The Rally System of scoring is implemented in the Sydney Games. 2000 The United States in the Olympics Indoor - 4 Gold Medals: - Mens: 1984, 1988, 2008 Indoor - 4 Silver Medals: Indoor- 5 Bronze Medals: - Womens: 2020 - Womens: 1984, 2008, 2012, - Mens: 1992, 2016, 2024 2024 Beach - 7 Gold Medals: - Womens: 1992, 2016 - Mens: 1996, 2000, 2008 Beach - 2 Silver Medals: - Womens: 2004, 2008, 2012, - Mens: 1996 Beach - 2 Bronze Medals: 2020 - Womens: 2012 - Womens: 2004, 2016 Rules of the Game The Court: 30 feet by 60 feet The net is 3 feet high and spans the width of the playing area. Mens Regulation Height: Women’s Regulation Height: 7’ 11 ⅝” 7’ 4 ⅛” Players: 6 on each side Match: Olympic Volleyball matches are best out of 5 - First four sets are played to 25 points with a minimum lead of 2 points wins the set. - There is no ceiling, so a set continues until one team gains a two point advantage. - Fifth sets are played to 15 points, again with a minimum lead of 2 points needed to end the match. To Score a Point: If a team fails to serve properly, return the ball, or commits a fault, the opponents win the rally and score a point. The consequences of winning the rally are: 1. If the serving team wins the rally, it scores a point and continues to serve. 2. If the receiving team wins the rally, it scores a point and the right to serve. Basic Violations Faults that result in the loss of the rally and the opponents score a point  1. Position fault - player not in their proper position at the time of service 2. Service fault – any violation that happens during the serve a. Server steps on or over the line in the process of serving b. The ball fails to go over the net c. The server is the player in the back right position from the perspective of the server looking at the net. 3. Rotation fault - team fails to rotate prior to serving after a side out (Note: rotation is clockwise) 4. Four hits - maximum of three hits (the block does not count as a hit) to return the ball 5. Assisted hit - push off a team mate or structure to reach the ball 6. Illegal hit - a player may not contact the ball with 2 separate and consecutive motions a. Ex: player may not bump the ball & then set it w/o another player touching the ball in between hits) 7. The ball may not be caught, thrown, or carried a. “Carry” - hitting the ball with an open hand 8. Double contact - i.e. bumping the ball w/o the hands joined together 9. The ball must pass over the net. If it doesn't, it is a fault 10. Touching any part of the net 11. Reaching under the net (if it interferes with the ball or an opposing player Facts about Playing the 1. The boundary lines are considered in bounds. Game 2. Maximum 3 hits allowed to return the ball to the opponents (the block does not count as a hit) 3. If 2 players touch the ball simultaneously, it counts as one hit. Either player may play the ball next. 4. The ball may touch any part of the body. 5. A ball driven into the net may be played as long as you do not exceed 3 hits. 6. If the ball, after having been tossed and released by the server, lands w/o touching the player, it is a tossing error. The server may repeat the toss w/o penalty one time during each service. 7. The player may not block or attack the service. 8. On the service, the ball may touch the net on its way over. 9. On the service, if the ball falls short of crossing the net on its way over, you may not assist the serve. 10. A match consists of winning 3 out of 5 games. 11. The first 4 games are played to 25 and the team must win by 2 points. The 5th game is to 15. 12. It is legal to run off the court to play a ball. 13. There are only 6 players per team allowed on the court at any time. 14. Rotation is clockwise. Hits and Techniques: Serve - the first hit that puts the ball into play. It may be underhand or overhand and can be anywhere behind the end line Overhand Serving: Lift - palm flat and facing up, "lift" the ball not higher than a ball width (or two) above head Step – small, natural step with opposite foot (right-handers: step with left) taken at same time as ball is "lifted" Hand contact on ball - contact with palm, hand stiff Arm motion - swift, contact ball above head with hand slightly in front of tossing shoulder - like throwing a ball Weight transfer - transfer weight from back foot to front foot, through the ball as you make contact Follow through - should be high, then arm will naturally come back down Cues - "present, step/toss, serve" Underhand Face - the target you are aiming for (over the net) Serving: Swing - dominant arm back Step - with opposite foot toward your target. Contact - the ball with the heel of your hand. Hit - the ball off of your hand (don’t toss) Follow - through towards your target. Ready Position: Knees - are bent Feet - wide Torso - parallel with shins Hands - relaxed in front of the body with arms and hands ready to extend into the passing platform. Forearm “Bump” A hit/pass that is contacted below the shoulders with the hands physically joined Pass: together. Thumbs aligned - positioned side-by-side Hand-clasp - whatever feels natural, so long as thumbs are aligned (hand wrapped around fist, hand laid into other hand, fingers entwined, etc.) Platform - ball should be contacted on forearms, above the wrists and below the elbows Foot position (base) - feet at least shoulder width or a bit wider. bend at knees, not at waist to keep body and platform beneath the ball Shuffle - in moving to where the ball is, shuffle your feet, keeping knees bent and hips/head in a straight, vertical line (not a line that bobs up and down) Step to target - once in position, step with whatever foot feels most comfortable, step in direction of target Arm motion - arms should not move higher than shoulders, do not swing arms. use very little arm motion - DIRECT the ball to your target General body position - relaxed shoulders, knees bent, stay down and do not stand up as you pass Overhand Pass: Hand position - fingers spread and firm, hands in front of face. Contact - contact with the ball should be made in front of face. hands & fingers  should remain firm and strong on contact, NOT soft like when you set a hitter. Foot position - feet and body must be behind the ball, feet (base) should be comfortable and solid. Follow through - as contact is made, push the ball to your target by extending your arms out from your face. Aggressive - this is an aggressive skill, you have to go to the ball with strong hands and push the ball away from you Set: A hit/pass when the ball is contacted above the head with the fingers of both hands. Hand position- form a triangle on ball with thumbs and index fingers, then spread apart so that hands wrap around sides of ball Contact - hands should be up at the forehead when contacting the ball. ALWAYS set from near the forehead ○ If the pass is low then get forehead low and set from there rather than just dropping hands and setting from chest or midsection Shoulders square with target – shoulders/hips should always face the left-front target (front or backsets) Foot position - you should set off of your right foot and follow thru onto your left foot Net position (for setters) - sprint to the setting zone on the net (the position between the middle front and right front hitters), get as close to the net as you can without touching it and as you reach this position, "hop" so that you are facing the players on your own court to see the pass coming in Body extension/follow through - extend out from feet all the way through hands (like a coil) when setting, you should hold your hands/arms out extended for just a brief moment after completing your set... like "superman" flying through the air! Hitting/Spike: A hit where the ball is contacted above the net and struck forcefully with one hand downward toward the floor of the opponent’s court. Flamingo - last two steps of your approach to hit and they should always be the same: a step-close, almost like a hop (very fast) - these steps should also "open" your hips up to the setter (as you actually hit the ball, you will "close" your hips to the net or your opponent's court) Heel/toe step & jump - “flamingo” steps should be heel to toe so that momentum is transferred upward 3 or 4-step approach - most hitters add a third (and sometimes fourth) step prior to finishing with their "flamingo" steps. these initial steps are generally larger steps designed to get the hitter TO where the ball is along the net Explosive - hitting is an explosive skill, not relaxed like passing Arm swing - both arms should come back pretty far on the back swing and then both go upward to the ball, cocking your hitting hand up and back, alongside but above your ear, keeping your elbow high Contact ball - reach high, contact the ball out in front of hitting shoulder (hitter should be able to see hand on ball, or she is probably too far in front of the ball) Hand - open hand, fingers spread and make hand stiff (“like a board”) contacting first with palm Wrist snap - snap wrist after initial hand contact on ball so that fingers come over the top to create topspin Follow through - follow all the way through ball so hitting hand finishes down at same hip (right hand, right hip) Volleyball Lingo Translation "Ace" When the ball is served to the other team and no one touches it. "Side out" When the team that serves the ball makes a mistake, causing the ball to go to the other team. "Roof" When a player jumps above the height of the net, and blocks the ball. "Stuff" When a player jumps about the height of the net, blocks the ball, and the ball goes back at the person who attacked (spiked) the ball. "Dig" One armed defensive play to save a hard driven shot. “Dink” An offensive drop shot. "Kill" When a team spikes the ball and it either ends in a point or a side out. “Carry” Hitting the ball with an open hand. “Fault” Any violation of the rules of the game. “Serve” A skill that begins game play. “Bump” (forearm pass) A skill used to hit the ball when it is under the shoulder line. “Set” A skill used to hit the ball when it is above the shoulder line. “Block” An attempt by one or more defensive players to obstruct a spike at the net made by the opposing team. “Spike” A hard driven shot at the net made by an attacker/hitter. “Rally/Volley” When the ball is played back and forth between the two teams any number of times with no faults or points scored. “Attacker” A front row player also known as a hitter. “Double Hit” When a player hits the ball twice in a row with no other player touching in between.