Volleyball History & Rules PDF

I. History of Volleyball Invention: Volleyball was invented by William G. Morgan in 18951. Morgan was a physical education director at a YMCA in Holyoke, Massachusetts1. Original Name: The original name of the game was "mintonette"2. Inspiration: Morgan developed mintonette as a less physicall...

I. History of Volleyball Invention: Volleyball was invented by William G. Morgan in 18951. Morgan was a physical education director at a YMCA in Holyoke, Massachusetts1. Original Name: The original name of the game was "mintonette"2. Inspiration: Morgan developed mintonette as a less physically demanding alternative to basketball, blending elements from basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball3. Name Change: The game was renamed "volleyball" in 1896 by Alfred Halstead after observing players volleying the ball over the net2. Early Rule Changes: ◦ In 1896, W.E. Day introduced rules that raised the net to seven and one-half feet, eliminated dribbling, and standardized the score to 21 points4. ◦ In 1912, rules began to standardize the court and ball and required players to rotate before a serve4. ◦ By 1916, the YMCA and NCAA set the net height at eight feet and the game score at 15 points in a two out of three set game5. ◦ In the early 1920s, rules standardized the court at 30x60 feet, limited hits per side to three, and required the ball to be played above the waist5. Spread and Popularity: ◦ Volleyball became popular worldwide and was introduced to the Philippines (1910), Japan (1913), Poland (1915), Uruguay (1916), Brazil and Latvia (1919), and Syria (1922)5.... ◦ After World War I, the game spread throughout Europe6. ◦ The University of Illinois began teaching volleyball as a physical education activity in the early 1920s6. ◦ The first college team was started in Oregon in 19286. Governing Bodies: ◦ The United States Volleyball Association (USVBA) was formed in 1928 and controlled the game in the United States by 19377. ◦ The International Volleyball Federation (IVF), also known as FIVB, was formed in 1947 to regulate the game worldwide1.... The FIVB headquarters are located in Lausanne, Switzerland1. Internationalization and Olympic Status: ◦ The first World Championship was held in 19537. ◦ Volleyball was played in the 1st Pan American Games in 19558. ◦ Volleyball became an Olympic sport in 19648. ◦ 800 million people play volleyball at least once a week8. ◦ The sport has increased in popularity by 500% in the last 25 years8. Volleyball in the Philippines: ◦ Volleyball was introduced to the Philippines in 1910 by Elwood S. Brown8.... The Philippine Volleyball Federation (PVF) was the first organization formed9. It was later renamed Philippine Amateur Volleyball Association (PAVA) in 1961, and then renamed PVF in 20039. * Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas (LVPI) is currently the sole national governing body of volleyball in the Philippines10. Key Contributions: The Philippines contributed the three-hit limit and the set and spike (or "Filipino Bomb") techniques to the game10. II. Volleyball Facilities and Equipment Playing Area: The playing area includes the playing court and the free zone. It is rectangular and symmetrical11. ◦ The playing court measures 18x9 meters11. ◦ The free zone is a minimum of 3 meters wide on all sides11. ◦ The free playing space is a minimum of 7 meters in height11. ◦ For FIVB, World, and Official Competitions, the free zone is 5 meters from the side lines and 6.5 meters from the end lines, and the free playing space is at least 12.5 meters high12. Playing Surface: The surface must be flat, horizontal, and uniform, and it should not present any danger of injury12. It should not be rough or slippery12. For official competitions, only wooden or synthetic surfaces are allowed and must be approved by the FIVB12. ◦ Indoor courts have a light-colored surface12. ◦ For official competitions, white lines are required, and different colors are needed for the playing court and free zone13. ◦ Outdoor courts may have a slope of 5mm per meter for drainage13. ◦ Court lines made of solid materials are forbidden13. Court Lines: All lines are 5 cm wide13. ◦ Boundary Lines: Two side lines and two end lines mark the playing court14. ◦ Center Line: Divides the court into two equal 9x9 meter courts14. ◦ Attack Line: Marks the front zone and is 3 meters from the center line14. It may be extended with broken lines for official competitions15. Zones: ◦ Front Zone: Limited by the center line and the attack line15. ◦ Service Zone: A 9-meter-wide area behind each end line16. ◦ Substitution Zone: Limited by the extension of both attack lines up to the scorer’s table16. ◦ Libero Zone: Part of the free zone on the side of the team benches16. ◦ Warm-up Area: Approximately 3x3 meters, located in both of the bench side corners, outside the free zone17. ◦ Penalty Area: Approximately 1x1 meter, located in the control area, outside the prolongation of each end line17. Net: Placed vertically over the center line17. ◦ Height: 2.43 meters for men and 2.24 meters for women17. ◦ Width: 1 meter wide and 9.50 to 10 meters long18. ◦ Made of 10 cm square black mesh18. ◦ Has horizontal bands at the top (7 cm wide) and bottom (5 cm wide)18. Posts: Support the net and are placed 0.50-1.00 meter outside the side lines18. They are 2.55 meters high and adjustable, with no dangerous devices18.... Antennae: Flexible rods 1.80 m long, placed on the outer edge of each side band and extend 80 cm above the net19. The top 80 cm is marked with 10 cm stripes of contrasting color, preferably red and white19. It is considered part of the net19. Ball: Spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather case with a rubber bladder inside20. ◦ Circumference: 65-67 cm20. ◦ Weight: 260-280 g20. ◦ Pressure: 0.30 to 0.325 kg/cm2 (4.26 to 4.61 psi)20. Key Terminologies21...: ◦ Ace: A serve that results in a point21. ◦ Assist: Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks21. ◦ Attack: The offensive action of hitting the ball21. ◦ Attacker: Also a hitter or spiker, a player who attempts to hit a ball offensively22. ◦ Block: A defensive play to intercept a spiked ball22. ◦ Dig: Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball23. ◦ Set: The tactical skill of directing the ball for a spike26. ◦ Spike: A forceful hit intended to terminate the ball on the opponent’s floor26. ◦ Mintonette: The original name of volleyball24. Court Illustration: Be prepared to illustrate the volleyball court, including lines, zones, boundaries, and specific dimensions in meters27. III. Values and Benefits of Playing Volleyball Motivational Questions: Consider how volleyball affects your physical, emotional, mental, and social life28. Reflect on why people play volleyball28. Physical Health Benefits: Playing volleyball burns calories, tones muscles, enhances energy levels, boosts circulation, increases joint health, promotes heart health, and improves balance28. Mental Health Benefits: Playing volleyball improves hand-eye coordination, develops reflexes, boosts concentration, reduces stress, and promotes better sleep29. Social Health Benefits: Volleyball offers a way to meet people, helps you take charge, boosts communication, helps you rely on others, and builds anticipation29. Values in Playing Volleyball: ◦ Passion: Instills a love for the sport that encourages volleyball for life29. ◦ Effort: Rewards and praises effort regardless of the outcome29. ◦ Respect: Promotes ethical behavior, fair play, and respect for the game and all its participants29. ◦ Integrity: Encourages fair, consistent, and transparent actions