Computer Fundamentals Lecture Notes PDF

Lecture #1 notes What is a computer? -An electronic device that performs logical calculations What is a digital computer advantage? -Performs tasks extremely quickly What is hardware? -The hardware is the physical aspect of a computer. Important Hardware - Monitor - Keyboard - Mouse - CPU(Central Pr...

Lecture #1 notes What is a computer? -An electronic device that performs logical calculations What is a digital computer advantage? -Performs tasks extremely quickly What is hardware? -The hardware is the physical aspect of a computer. Important Hardware - Monitor - Keyboard - Mouse - CPU(Central Processing Unit) - RAM - GPU(Graphics Processing Unit) What is a Software? - Software are programs that guides the hardware Examples: - Videogames - Applications What is an Application Software? - An application software is programs that make the computer useful for everyday task. How is a Computer Organized? - Input Unit: Receives data from input devices Output Unit: Outputs information that the computer processes and sends to various output devices Memory Unit: stores information temporarily Arithmetic and Logic Unit(ALU): Performs calculations and is a part of the CPU) Central Processing Unit(CPU): “Administrative” section that supervises the other parts of the computer. Secondary Storage Unit: Stores memory long-term “warehousing” section What is Machine Language? - Machine language is the only language that the computer understands. Strings of 0s and 1s - 0 means power off 1 means power on What is Compilation? Takes High-level language and replaces it with equivalent machine language so the computer can execute it. What are the Programming Languages Paradigms? - Object Oriented Programming Logical Programming Unstructured Programming Procedural Programming Modular Programming What is Procedural Programming? - The sequence of the execution of commands is controlled by the program. Code is executed line by line unless specified Examples of Programming languages that are Procedural C Pascal What is object-oriented programming? - Object Oriented Programming models problems using objects that contain Attributes and Methods. Examples of programming languages that are object-oriented - Python - Java