Unit 2 Study Guide Fall 2019 PDF

Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan (Ch. 4, 5, 6) Name: __________________________________________ 1. What is the capacity to do work? 8. What is the gain of electrons by an atom...

Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan (Ch. 4, 5, 6) Name: __________________________________________ 1. What is the capacity to do work? 8. What is the gain of electrons by an atom or a. Heat molecule, which requires energy? b. Potential energy a. Oxidation c. Calorie b. Reduction d. Energy c. Redox reaction 2. What type of energy is the energy of d. All of the above motion? 9. What is a simultaneous Oxidation and a. Kinetic Reduction reaction? b. Potential a. Oxidation c. Heat b. Reduction d. All of the above c. Redox reaction 3. What is stored energy that is available for d. All of the above work? 10. What is a series of membrane proteins a. Kinetic participating in sequential, linked oxidation- b. Potential reduction reactions that photosynthesis and c. Heat cellular respiration both use? d. All of the above a. Photosystem I 4. “Energy is never created or destroyed, but b. Photosystem II it can be changed from one form to c. Electron Transport Chain another” This is the _______. d. Calvin Cycle a. First law of thermodynamics 11. What is the cellular energy currency in b. Second law of thermodynamics cells? c. Entropy a. NADPH d. Kinetic b. FADH2 5. “Since heat energy is constantly being lost c. ATP to the universe, and heat energy is d. ADP disordered, the entropy of the universe is 12. What speeds up biochemical reactions? increasing.” This is the ______. a. Kinetic a. First law of thermodynamics b. Potential b. Second law of thermodynamics c. Enzyme c. Entropy d. Entropy d. Kinetic 13. What is a catalyst? 6. What is a measure of disorder or the a. Substrate randomness of the universe? b. Enzyme a. First law of thermodynamics c. Active-site b. Second law of thermodynamics d. None of the above c. Entropy 14. What type of biomolecule is an enzyme? d. Kinetic a. Protein 7. What is the loss of electrons from an atom b. Lipid or molecule which releases energy? c. Amino acid a. Oxidation d. Nucleic acid b. Reduction c. Redox reaction d. All of the above Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan 15. What binds an enzyme at a location other 22. What type of transport takes place when than the active site? there is a different concentration of water a. Substrate (not solutes) on one side of a selectively b. Noncompetitive inhibitor permeable membrane compared to the c. Competitive inhibitor other? d. a and c a. Diffusion 16. How do enzymes work? b. Osmosis a. Raise activation energy c. Facilitated Diffusion b. Lower activation energy d. Active Transport c. Form the reactants 23. What type of Osmosis is where water d. None of the above moves equally into and out of cell? 17. What is a concentration difference? a. Isotonic a. Polar b. Hypotonic b. Gradient c. Hypertonic c. Membrane d. All of the above d. None of the above 24. What type of Osmosis is where water 18. The movement of a molecule from Diffusion rushes into cells from outside? is due to a ______________ and what type a. Isotonic of transport? b. Hypotonic a. Concentration gradient and Passive c. Hypertonic transport d. All of the above b. Concentration gradient and Active 25. What type of Osmosis is where water transport rushes out of cells? c. Protein carrier and Passive transport a. Isotonic d. Protein carrier and Active transport b. Hypotonic 19. What type of transport requires energy? c. Hypertonic a. Diffusion d. All of the above b. Osmosis 26. What does Photosynthesis produce? c. Facilitated Diffusion a. ATP d. Active Transport b. Sugar 20. What does facilitated diffusion require? c. Fat a. Energy and proteins d. CO2 b. Energy and No proteins 27. What does Cell Respiration make for cells to c. Concentration gradient and proteins use? d. Concentration gradient and Energy a. ATP 21. The sodium-potassium pump moves ions b. Sugar against their concentration gradients and c. Fat uses ATP to transport Sodium and d. CO2 Potassium. What type of transport is it? 28. Shorter wavelengths have ____________ a. Diffusion energy than longer wavelengths. b. Facilitated diffusion a. lower c. Osmosis b. higher d. Active transport c. equal d. None of the above Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan 29. What are packets of light energy? d. NADP+ a. Pigments 37. In light reactions, chlorophyll molecules b. Photons absorb light energy and transfer it c. Photosystems to___________ which come from the d. All of the above splitting of water molecules. 30. What are molecules that capture energy a. NADP+ from light? b. Protons a. Pigments c. Electrons b. Photons d. Pigments c. Photosystems 38. Where do the electrons from PSII go when d. All of the above they leave PSII 31. What organelle does photosynthesis take a. PSI place in? b. ETC a. Mitochondria c. Proton pump b. Chloroplast d. PSII c. Chlorophyll 39. What enzyme produces ATP in the ETC d. All of the above (electron transport chain)? 32. What is a large protein structure in the a. ATP Reductase thylakoid membrane where photosynthesis b. ATP Synthase occurs? c. ADP Reductase a. Antenna pigments d. ADP Synthase b. Reaction center 40. What is produced from the Light reactions c. Photosystems that are sent to and needed in the Carbon d. Pigment molecules reactions? 33. Which reactions begin photosynthesis and a. ATP and NADPH capture light energy converting it into b. ATP and NADP+ chemical energy? c. ADP and NADP+ a. Light reactions d. ADP and NADPH b. Carbon reactions 41. What is solar (light) energy absorbed by c. Krebs cycle specifically? d. Glycolysis a. Chloroplast 34. Which reactions in photosynthesis produce b. Thylakoid membrane a carbohydrate? c. Pigments a. Light reactions d. Stroma b. Carbon reactions 42. Where are the photosystems (that contain a c. Krebs cycle pigment complex and an electron-acceptor d. Glycolysis molecule) contained? 35. Where do light reactions occur? a. Chloroplast a. Cristae b. Thylakoid membrane b. Matrix c. Stroma c. Thylakoid membrane d. Mitochondria d. Chloroplast 43. What is a series of carriers that pass 36. What is produced by the light reactions? electrons from one another? (Circle all that apply) a. ATP synthase complexes a. ATP b. H+ ion concentration gradient b. ADP c. ETC c. NADPH d. Photosystems Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan 44. What flows through the ATP synthase d. Enzyme complex making a gradient and assisting in 51. What is given off as a by-product during the production of ATP? photosynthesis? a. ATP a. CO2 b. Electrons b. O2 c. H+ Ions c. C6H12O6 d. Oxygen d. H2O 45. Solar/light energy boosts 52. In PS-1 after solar energy is absorbed, _______________to a higher energy level. escaped electrons leave the reaction center a. ATP and escape or move to a different what? b. Oxygen a. Pigment complex c. Electrons b. Photosystem d. Protons c. electron-acceptor molecule 46. Where do the Carbon reactions of d. Both a and b Photosynthesis occur? a. Thylakoid membrane 53. In the light reaction of photosynthesis, b. Stroma NADP+ molecules accept ______ electrons c. Grana and an H+ to become a reduced form of the d. All of the above molecule (NADPH). 47. What are the three phases in order of the a. 1 Calvin cycle? b. 2 a. CO2 fixation, PGAL Synthesis, c. 3 Regeneration of RuBP d. 4 b. PGAL Synthesis, CO2 fixation, 54. What type of reaction is photosynthesis and Regeneration of RuBP cell respiration? ____________ c. Regeneration of RuBP, PGAL _____________________ Synthesis, CO2 fixation 55. What type of photosynthesis is used in d. CO2 fixation, Regeneration of RuBP, plants where Carbon reactions occur only at PGAL Synthesis night? 48. What happens during Carbon fixation? a. C3 Photosynthesis a. CO2 becomes a 6 carbon molecule b. C4 Photosynthesis b. Rubisco enzyme adds CO2 to an c. CAM Photosynthesis RuBP producing a 6 carbon molecule d. Both a and b c. Crisco enzyme produces 6 carbon 56. Which type of plants have the Light and molecule from CO2 Carbon reactions occurring in different cells d. None of the above (Mesophyll cells and Bundle Sheath cells)? 49. What step in the Carbon reactions is where a. C3 Photosynthesis the ATP and NADPH from the Light b. C4 Photosynthesis reactions are used? c. CAM Photosynthesis a. Carbon Fixation d. Both a and b b. PGAL Synthesis 57. Which type of plants have photosynthesis c. Regeneration of RuBP taking place in only the mesophyll cells? d. Carbon Reduction a. C3 Photosynthesis 50. What is RuBP? b. C4 Photosynthesis a. 4 Carbon molecule c. CAM Photosynthesis b. 5 Carbon molecule d. Both a and b c. 6 Carbon molecule Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan 58. What is the overall photosynthesis a. ATP equation? b. NADPH ____________________________________ c. CO2 59. The Light reaction occurs in the __________ d. O2 and Calvin cycle reactions occur in the 66. What step in cell respiration is where the __________ inside the chloroplasts? energy from electrons is used to form ATP a. Stroma and thylakoid a. Glycolysis b. Thylakoid and stroma b. Transition Step c. Stroma and thylakoid membrane c. Krebs cycle d. Thylakoid membrane and Stroma d. Electron Transport Chain 60. What is the electron carrier that carries 67. What is the only phase of cellular electrons to the electron transport chain in respiration that occurs in the cytosol or photosynthesis? cytoplasm of the cell in Eukaryotes? a. ATP a. Glycolysis b. Chlorophyll b. Transition Step c. ADP + P c. Krebs cycle d. NADP+ d. Electron Transport Chain 61. In cellular respiration, what reactants enter 68. Where does the Krebs cycle and the ETC cells and what products are released? take place in prokaryotes? a. Water and glucose enter and CO2 a. Cytosol and O2 are released b. Cristae b. O2 and glucose enter and CO2 and c. Matrix water are released d. None of the above c. Water and O2 enter and CO2 and 69. What phase of cellular respiration occurs in glucose are released the cristae of the mitochondria in d. Water and CO2 enter and Glucose Eukaryotes? and O2 are released a. Glycolysis 62. What are the three main pathways of Cell b. Prep reaction Respiration in order? c. Krebs cycle a. Glucose, Krebs cycle, ETC d. Electron Transport Chain b. Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC 70. What phase of cellular respiration occurs in c. Glycolysis, Calvin cycle, ETC the Matrix of the mitochondria? d. Glycolysis, ETC, Krebs cycle a. Glycolysis 63. What organelle does Cell Respiration b. Krebs cycle happen in? c. Electron Transport Chain a. Chloroplast d. All of the above b. Mitochondrion 71. What phase of cellular respiration occurs in c. Cell membrane the cristae of the mitochondria? d. Nucleus a. Glycolysis 64. Which step in cell respiration is where b. Krebs cycle glucose is split in half, forming pyruvate? c. Electron Transport Chain a. Glycolysis d. All of the above b. Transition Step 72. Which phase of cell respiration occurs when c. Krebs cycle both NADH and FADH2 are the result? d. Electron Transport Chain a. Glycolysis 65. In the Krebs’s cycle, a derivative of pyruvate b. Transition Step is oxidized and what is released? c. Krebs cycle Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan d. Electron Transport Chain 81. How many ATP is produced from 1 glucose 73. Which phase or phases of cell respiration molecule during fermentation when oxygen produces a net of 2 ATP/glucose molecules? is not available? Circle all that apply. a. 1 a. Glycolysis b. 2 b. Transition Step c. 3 c. Krebs cycle d. 4 d. Electron Transport Chain 82. What does alcoholic fermentation convert 74. How many TOTAL ATP (after subtracting 2) pyruvate into? are produced from cell respiration from 1 a. H2O and CO2 glucose molecule? (produced in all the b. Lactic acid and CO2 phases) __________ c. Ethanol and CO2 75. How many NADH are generated from d. Ethanol and H2O glycolysis? ______ 83. Lactic acid fermentation converts pyruvate 76. What does the transition step convert into? pyruvate into? a. Ethanol a. CO2 b. Lactic acid b. Rubisco c. CO2 c. Acetyl CoA d. All of the above d. Acetic Acid 84. In animal cells (including humans) what is 77. How many molecules of NADH are formed pyruvate broken down into during from the transition step in cell respiration? fermentation? a. 1 a. Alcohol b. 2 b. Co2 c. 3 c. Lactate d. 4 d. a and b 78. When is CO2 released in cell respiration? (Circle all that apply) Learn Smart Study Questions a. Glycolysis 1. The production of new molecules and the b. Transition Step breakdown of old molecules in the cell is c. Krebs cycle called? d. Electron Transport Chain a. Metabolism 79. Where do the electron carriers NADH and b. Chemical equilibrium FADH2 send their electrons? c. Entropy a. Glycolysis d. Diffusion b. Transition Step 2. No ________is spent to pass a substance c. Krebs cycle across a membrane in passive transport. d. Electron Transport Chain 80. What is the final electron acceptor in the 3. The stored energy available to do work is ETC? called______ energy a. NAD+ b. H2O 4. Select all of the following that are examples c. ATP of kinetic energy. d. O2 a. A rolling cart e. b. A chemical bond c. An energy bar d. A stack of boxes Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan e. Light a. Increased f. The movement of molecules b. Decreased 5. In a membrane transport process called 13. What conditions affect enzyme activity? _____, a cell transports large molecules to Select all that apply. the cell membrane in vesicles and releases a. Size of cell them to the outside of the cell. b. pH a. Endocytosis c. Temperature b. Exocytosis d. Salt concentration c. Pinocytosis 14. The active site is the place on an enzyme d. Oxidation where? 6. A concentration ________occurs when a. A channel allows ions to pass there are unequal amounts of a solute in through neighboring regions. b. Non-competitive inhibitors bind c. The substrates bind 7. Select all of the following essential cellular d. Activation energy is increased activities that are conducted by enzymes. 15. The potential energy stored in covalent a. DNA replication bonds is also called _____energy. b. Generation of heat from sunlight a. Light c. Breakdown of food b. Kinetic d. Protein production c. Heat e. Formation of ice from liquid water d. Chemical 8. The ability to do work is called ______. 16. One energy law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only 9. Membrane proteins assist ions and polar a. Become potential energy molecules across membranes down their b. Absorb heat concentration gradient. c. Decrease entropy a. Exocytosis d. Change forms b. Active transport 17. What is required for simple diffusion? c. Facilitated diffusion a. A transport protein d. Simple diffusion b. A concentration gradient 10. If more water is exiting a human red blood c. ATP cell than entering it, then the cell is 18. What organic molecules catalyze chemical a(n)_____. reactions? a. Ionic a. Carbohydrates b. Isotonic b. ATP c. Hypertonic c. DNA d. Hypotonic d. Enzymes 11. ATP stands for _______ triphosphate, which 19. Redox reactions occur simultaneously: for is a molecule that powers many cellular every molecule that is reduced (gains reactions. electrons), another molecule is____(loses a. Aspartame electrons). b. Alpha a. Phosphorylated c. Adenosine b. Reduced d. Alkaline c. Converted to light energy 12. According to the laws of thermodynamics, d. Oxidized energy transformations overall lead to 20. The diffusion of water across a membrane _______. down its own concentration gradient and Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan toward the region with a higher solute e. Proteins concentration is called? 28. A group of proteins in the thylakoid a. Endocytosis membrane that shuttles electrons between b. Hydrolysis the proteins and other carriers is called c. Active transport a(n)________ _________ chain. d. Osmosis 21. The potential energy stored in food (such as 29. If stomata remain open, carbon dioxide glucose) is used by all organisms to make diffuses into the plant and oxygen diffuses the energy-carrying molecule called_____, out, therefore minimizing _______ but which powers cellular activity. maximizing water loss. a. The C3 pathway 22. Plants, algae and some microorganisms use b. ATP synthesis energy from the sun to make glucose and c. Photosynthesis other carbohydrate molecules in a process d. photorespiration called? 30. What does NOT occur in C4 plants. a. Photosynthesis a. The Calvin cycle takes place In b. Acellular respiration bundle-sheath cells. c. Germination b. Photorespiration is minimized d. Cellular respiration c. CO2 is first fixed to form a four- 23. In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes carbon molecule. place in organelles called ____, which d. CO2 is first produced in the contain thylakoid membranes embedded mesophyll cells using rubisco to with the pigment chlorophyll. form a six-carbon molecule 31. The portion of the electromagnetic 24. What molecule produced by light reactions spectrum that plans use for photosynthesis stores potential energy in the covalent is bonds between its phosphate groups? a. Visible light. a. Carbon dioxide b. Microwaves. b. Glucose c. Ultraviolet radiation. c. ATP d. Infrared radiation. d. Chlorophyll 32. In a photosystem, antenna pigments 25. The openings in the epidermis of a leaf or capture photon energy and funnel it to the stem for gas exchange are called _____. _____ center, which consists of a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules. 26. In plants, stomata in the epidermis of leaves and stems allow for 33. Light energy that is capture in a. Gas exchange with the atmosphere photosynthesis is converted to ______ b. The absorption of photons of light energy stored in chemical bonds of c. Absorption of water from the soil molecules. d. The release of glucose and other a. Potential carbohydrates. b. Sound 27. Which of the following is NOT a component c. Solar of a photosystem? d. Kinetic a. Chlorophyll pigments 34. Chlorophyll b and carotenoids are examples b. Reaction center of c. Accessory pigments a. Organelles that contain d. Stomata and guard cells photosystems Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan b. Electromagnetic radiation 40. The ______ pigments of photosystems pass c. Accessory pigments the captured photon energy to the reaction d. Carbohydrates synthesized from center. glucose subunits. a. Enzyme 35. Why do photosynthesizes contain accessory b. Stromal pigments in addition to chlorophyll a? c. Antenna a. To reflect different wavelengths on d. proton the exterior of the photosynthetic organism. 41. NADH and FADH2 transfer ______from the b. To filter light such that only photons reactants of glycolysis and the Drebs cycle of the right wavelength reach to the electron transport chain of aerobic chlorophyll a. respiration. c. To absorb wavelengths of light that a. Electrons chlorophyll a cannon and extend the b. Phosphates range of the wavelengths captured. c. ATP d. To emit energy beyond the d. Glucose capability of the pigment chlorophyll 42. In glycolysis, a glucose molecule is split into 36. Which of the following is NOT a product of two molecules of_____, and energy is the Calvin Cycle? harvested as ATP and NADH. a. NADP+ a. Acetyl CoA b. ADP b. H2O c. Glucose c. Ammonia d. CO2 d. Pyruvate 37. A group of photosynthetic pigments and 43. What is the final electron acceptor of associated proteins is called a ________, aerobic respiration which is embedded in the thylakoid a. Carbon dioxide membrane of chloroplasts. b. Glucose a. Photosystem c. Carbon b. Granum d. Oxygen c. Central vacuole 44. The folds of the inner mitochondrial d. Stroma membrane are called _____, and they 38. In the carbon reactions, carbon from _____ greatly increase the surface area of the is used to produce sugar molecules using inner membrane. energy from ATP and electrons from a. Cristae NADPH. 45. C6H12O6 + 6CO2 - 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36ATP is a. Glucose the overall equation for what process? b. Carbon dioxide a. Photosynthesis c. NAD+ b. Aerobic respiration d. Oxygen gas c. Fermentation 39. In photosynthesis, the cycle of reactions d. Anaerobic respiration called the ______ is named for the first 46. Before NADH and FADH2 produced during stable compound PGA, which is a 3-carbon glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are “cashed molecule. in” during the electron transport chain, the a. C3 pathway net number of ATP molecules produced per b. Electron transport chain glucose molecule is _______molecules. c. Krebs cycle a. Six d. C4 pathway b. Eight Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan c. Four c. Oxygen d. Two d. Carbon dioxide 47. The synthesis of ATP 54. Glycolysis occurs in the ________of all living a. Produces energy. cells. b. Requires energy. a. Cytosol c. Requires carbon dioxide b. Stroma d. Produces ADP c. Mitochondria 48. What metabolic pathway regenerates NAD+ d. Chloroplasts without using an electron transport chain? 55. Which of the following molecules DO NOT a. Photosynthesis have stored potential energy that can be b. Aerobic respiration used in aerobic respiration to generate c. Fermentation ATP? d. Pyruvate oxidation a. Water 49. What enzyme uses the energy of a proton b. Lipids gradient to add a phosphate to ADP? c. Proteins a. ADP reductase d. Carbohydrates b. Phosphofructokinase 56. Glycolysis generates ____ATP molecule(s), c. ATP synthase but requires an input of ______ATP d. Coenzyme A molecule(s), producing a net of 2 ATP 50. True or False: Glucose is the only food molecules of glucose. molecule that can enter the pathways of a. Four; six aerobic respiration and lead to the b. Four; two production of ATP. c. Six; four d. Six; two 51. What step in aerobic respiration generates 57. During fermentation, _____ reduces the most ATP? pyruvate and is oxidized to NAD+, which can a. Krebs cycle then be used in glycolysis. b. Electron transport chain a. NADH c. Glycolysis b. Glucose d. Alcoholic fermentation c. ATP 52. When the electron carrier molecules d. Acetyl-CoA ____and _____interact with a series of 58. Glycolysis can occur membrane proteins in the inner membrane a. In aerobic conditions only and of a mitochondrion, electrons are removed requires oxygen and the resulting energy is used to pump b. In both aerobic and anaerobic protons into the intermembrane conditions compartment. c. In aerobic conditions only a. NADH; FADH2 d. In anaerobic conditions only b. FADH2; O2 59. In lactic acid fermentation, NADH reduces c. NADPH; H2O pyruvate, and the products are _____ and d. NADPH; NADH lactic acid. 53. The Krebs cycle produces ATP, NADH, a. Acetyl-CoA FADH2, and releases, ______, which b. NAD+ contains the carbon atoms remaining from c. CO2 the original 6-carbon glucose molecule. d. Ethanol a. Lactic acid b. Glucose Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan Questions from Chapter Quizzes 6. The innermost compartment of a chloroplast formed by the 1. When a car burns gasoline, much of the interconnected thylakoids is the? energy is in the form of heat as the car is a. Stroma driven. Which of the following best b. Thylakoid membrane describes this in relation to the 1st law of c. Chlorophyll thermodynamics. d. Thylakoid space a. Energy is conserved e. Leaf space 7. During photosynthesis, ___________ b. Energy can be changed from one is oxidized, while ___________ is form to another reduced. c. Energy is often destroyed a. Water; carbon dioxide d. All energy comes from the sun b. Carbon dioxide; water e. Energy is always used up in c. Carbohydrate; carbon dioxide reactions d. Carbon dioxide; carbohydrate 2. Which of the following terms best 8. In photosynthesis, the light describes entropy? reactions ____________ while the a. Order Calvin cycle ____________. b. Disorder a. Capture solar energy; converts the c. Potential energy captured energy to chemical d. Kinetic energy potential energy e. Energy conversions b. Can occur in the light; can occur 3. Which is an example of potential only in the dark rather than kinetic energy? c. Require the presence of ATP; makes a. An apple made up of energy rich ATP macromolecules d. Can only function if the stomata are b. A firefly using light flashes to attract open; can only occur in stomata are a mate closed c. A skier at the bottom of a hill 9. The three stages of the Calvin d. A pile of leaves that have been burnt cycle reactions are? e. A candle giving of light a. NADPH reduction, CO 2 4. Molecules move from greater to fixation, and NADP + lesser concentration through a regeneration. transport protein in ________. b. NADP reduction, CO2 fixation a. Simple diffusion and RuBP regeneration b. Facilitated diffusion c. CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, c. Pinocytosis and RuBP regeneration d. Active transport d. None of the choices are e. Phagocytosis correct 5. Which of the types of cellular 10. How many times must the Calvin activities listed below would not cycle turn to yield a single use ATP? molecule of glyceraldehydes–3– a. Active transport phosphate (G3P). b. Muscular contraction a. 2 c. Flagella movement b. 3 d. Passive transport c. 4 e. Protein synthesis d. 5 Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan 11. What molecule most directly provides the energy you need for your muscles to contract? a. Glucose b. ATP c. NADH d. ADP e. Oxygen 12. On the cellular level what process uses oxygen to break food down, producing ATP? a. Photosynthesis b. Oxidation/reduction reactions c. Cellular respiration d. Mitosis 13. Cellular respiration is the opposite of what other cellular process? a. Fermentation b. Cell division c. Hydrolysis d. Photosynthesis 14. A product of glycolysis is _____. a. Ethyl alcohol b. Lactic acid c. Pyruvate d. Oxygen 15. The product of the preparatory reaction is ______. a. Pyruvate b. Acetyl-CoA c. Glucose d. Carbon dioxide SUMMARY KNOW THE FOLLOWING: 1. 1ST and 2nd laws of Thermodynamics 2. Types of Energy: Kinetic, Potential and Energy definitions 3. Redox Reactions 4. Enzymes 5. Concentration gradients (What types are passive or active transport and which requires energy Fall 2019 Unit 2 Review Professor Hogan a. Diffusion b. Osmosis c. Vesicle formation (Endo and Exocytosis) 6. Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration Equation 7. Light Reactions (PSII and PSI) a. Write out the entire pathways the electrons follow) 8. Carbon reactions a. Write out the details of each of the 3 steps. 9. Where photosynthesis occurs and where both of the reactions and where the photosystems occur specifically 10. Different plants: C3, C4, CAM 11. What are the similarities and differences of photosynthesis and cell respiration 12. Where cell respiration occurs and where each part occurs in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 13. Cell Respiration a. Write down each step and what happens in each. b. What is produced (ATP, NADPH, FADH2, CO2) 14. Total ATP from cell respiration (-2) is 36/glucose molecule. 15. Fermentation, what part of cell respiration is it? How many ATP still produced in absence of O 2? What is produced from the different types of fermentation?