Colonial Impact on Papua and New Guinea's Economy (1884-1945) PDF

Colonial Impact on Papua and New Guinea's Economy (1884-1945) Examining Plantation Economic Development and Consequences of Colonial Rule Lecture objective 1. To understand the idea of primitive accumulation and periphery argument and its application in the Plantation system in...

Colonial Impact on Papua and New Guinea's Economy (1884-1945) Examining Plantation Economic Development and Consequences of Colonial Rule Lecture objective 1. To understand the idea of primitive accumulation and periphery argument and its application in the Plantation system in Papua New Guinea territory 2. Describe the Features of the plantation system in the territory of Papua 3. Describe the Features of the plantation system in the territory of Niugini Reading: Azeem Amarshi, Kenneth Good, Rex Mortimer ( 1979) Development and Dependency : The political economy of Papua New Guinea. Oxford Press. Chapter 2 The Plantation system  Primitive Accumulation Wealth by Unequal disposition by Shortage of exchange, capitalist; land and that is, the prehistory labour exchange of forms of affected the products of capitalism, plantation unequal classical economy of value forms, Papua New neoclassical ( Guinea light industry) Queensland's importance to australia Merchant capital - Merchant capital involves the buying and selling of goods and commodities without engaging directly in their production Capital & Papua - Ultra Labour Queensland British Empire Sydney Semi Periphery periphery Centre Land  The Territory of Papua: A Lartargic Case Uncertainty Lack of Australian in defining capital Mercantile economic investment policy policy Lack of capital investment in agriculture (Donald,D, 1985) Capitalism in Papua New Guinea & Azeem Amarshi, Kenneth Good, Rex Mortimer ( 1979) Development and Dependency : The political economy of Papua New Guinea Settler Colony Lack of progress of agriculture or peasant based Small white community established in Papua and New Guinea. Exports mainly pearl shell, beche-de-mer, and sandalwood. Queensland sugar industry reorganized; insufficient capital for colony investment 1907 1901 - 1934 1884 1900- 1905 Late 1900, Overriding importance of Early 20th Century Gold Gold rush leads to BNG Mining & Co and Burns Philips shipping monopoly raises Woodlark Island Gold Mine. freight fees, impacting economic development. 1929 Great Depression, capital was lacking both for direct productive investment & development of Transport  Uncertainty in defining economic policy Azeem Amarshi, Kenneth Good, Rex Mortimer ( 1979) Development and Dependency : The political economy of Papua New Guinea pg. 12- 15 1918 -1930 British declared Papua a Transferred full responsibility protectorate To Australia.Royal Commission of Inquiry into Papua Depression spelt an end to ‘Development’ ’ many planters & amalgamation of holdings into large trading 1884 1906 companies 1888 1914 -1918 Status was change to that of 230 plantation, 11,000 British Colony indentured workers. Outbreak of War brought in fall in commodity prices Australian Mercantile System Azeem Amarshi, Kenneth Good, Rex Mortimer ( 1979) Development and Dependency : The political economy of Papua New Guinea pg 9 - 19 1918 1915 1921 1925 Nat. Plantation. Ord. & New Guinea dev. Withdrawal of Navigation Nat.Ord. Taxation Syndicate & Long Handled Navigation Act Act & effects of WW2 Comp. Papuans to earn cash from wage Barred non Australian vessels Introduction of Preferential & labour for set numb. Of days & from transporting the produce treatment in exports of coffee & Proceeds divided btw Villages & Foreign based capital was not from the colony. imports & dessicated Coconut to Australia. State encourage to invest. Trading Exports shipped via Sydney Increase in annual budget from rights refused. E.g. shipping line 30 to 50 AUD & application for extensive tracts of land  Niugini up to the 1940s:A classical Colony Strong Labour Australian Interest shortage Mercantile from Germany affected system from growth of affected Establishing plantation the a classical in its plantation Colony early years system Classical Colony 1880s - 1914 - Capitalist system Merchant capital - Merchant capital involves the buying and selling of goods and commodities without engaging directly in their production Germany New Guinea Kompanie Strong German Interest New Guinea Kompanie backed by powerful financial & political interests 1880s 1883 -1901 1883 -1901 1907 1899- 1907 1914 New Guinea Kompanie Land Speculation Plantation Head Tax Increase cultivation Plantation Station Monopoly over the land Selling of land to settler Develop Tobacco, coffee Stimulate supply of 6000 acre to 38000 acre Classical monocrop and charter to planters of German & cocoa to set up labour; an extensive value of exports 645 AUD plantation economy administer the colony. immigrants in Australia. subsidiary companies road system was built , to 128 016 AUD competitive shipping route to Europe Labour shortage affected affected the growth of plantation Nuigni was constrained by shortage of local labour Import labours Kompanie was freed from obligation Malay, Javanese, chinese from Singapore, to Half the plantation labourer died, and work on tobacco, coffee & cocoa plantation Kompaine failed to make profit, and Kompagnie was free from its obligation to administer the colony and was compensated 1896 1907 1890 1899 Abandoning of Tobacco, coffee & cocoa Smaller companies + New Guinea Kompnie.mainly operating as copra traders were Extreme high death rates of import labours, successful with New Guinea Kompanie with Dutch & British reluctant to supply following their examples. labourers to an imperial competitor Australian MErcantile system 1923 1926 1929 Post 1929 Expropriation Board Properties acquired by Preferential Treatment following end of WW1 Properties sold Australian Oligarch on Imports Took over German Territories Properties sold to Australian Depression ruined many Rubber were given priority and thriving plantation colony Soldiers with no expertise and small planters & properties over coconut, so not to rival experience, lacking capital. fell into the hands of W R Australian Manufacturing Carpeter, Burns Philip and industries Steamships Characteristics of a plantation economy 1. Discourage domestic capital accumulation 2. Unequal exchange and exploitation 3. Wages and profit generated from production tend to dissipate into import consumption 4. Colonial administration derived its revenues from import duties from manufactured goods and it was unfavorable for industrialization 5. Metropolitan government restrict growth of industries to protect their own (preferential treatment) Summary Australian Mechantialism system is important in understand the plantation system 1884 - 1940s Tutorial Question 1. How does the concept of primitive accumulation explain the development of the plantation system in the Papua New Guinea territory? 2. What were the main features of the plantation system in the territory of Papua, and how did they differ from those in the territory of Niugini? 3. In what ways did the periphery argument apply to the plantation system in Papua and Niugini, and what were the economic and social consequences for the local populations?