Osteomyelitis Lecture Summary PDF

**Osteomyelitis Lecture Summary** This lecture covers **bone and joint infections**, focusing on **pyogenic (bacterial) and tuberculous osteomyelitis** and touches on **septic and non-infectious arthritis**. 1\. **Pyogenic Osteomyelitis**: **Definition**: A bacterial infection causing inflammat...

**Osteomyelitis Lecture Summary** This lecture covers **bone and joint infections**, focusing on **pyogenic (bacterial) and tuberculous osteomyelitis** and touches on **septic and non-infectious arthritis**. 1\. **Pyogenic Osteomyelitis**: **Definition**: A bacterial infection causing inflammation in bone and marrow. **Transmission**: Can spread via blood (hematogenous), direct extension from local infections (e.g., dental abscess), or trauma. **Pathogenesis**: Often targets long bones, especially around growth plates where blood flow is slower, facilitating bacterial spread. The lecture highlights the acute phase where bacteria enter and proliferate in the **metaphysis** (ends of long bones), causing an inflammatory response. Chronic cases can lead to **sequestrum** (necrotic bone), **involucrum** (new bone surrounding necrosis), and **cloaca** (draining sinuses). **Complications**: Includes septicemia, bacterial arthritis, pathological fractures, and amyloidosis. 2\. **Tuberculous Osteomyelitis**: Less common and typically secondary to tuberculosis elsewhere (e.g., lungs). **Pathology**: Granulomatous inflammation with caseation (necrotic tissue), often seen in lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (Pott's Disease). **Complications**: Vertebral collapse, spinal cord compression, and "cold" abscesses (with no acute inflammation). 3\. **Septic Arthritis**: Infection spreads to joints either hematogenously, directly from nearby osteomyelitis, or through trauma. Common pathogens include gonococcal bacteria (often affecting single joints) and Brucella in chronic cases. **Complications**: Progressive joint destruction leading to fibrosis and ankylosis (joint fusion). 4\. **Non-Infectious Arthritis**: Covers **rheumatoid arthritis** and **spondyloarthropathies** (like ankylosing spondylitis). Distinct from infectious types as they involve immune-related joint damage without direct infection. **Key Highlights from the Lecture** The lecture emphasized **pathogenesis in pyogenic osteomyelitis**, particularly in long bones, and how bacterial infection progresses from acute inflammation to chronic stages with sequestrum and involucrum formation. Additionally, it focused heavily on **complications of osteomyelitis**, especially those related to vertebral infections and potential neurological impacts from spinal involvement.