Civil Engineering PDF

Module 1 A subfield of a larger academic study that involves a specific Civil Engineering operation, material or object A professional engineering discipl...

Module 1 A subfield of a larger academic study that involves a specific Civil Engineering operation, material or object A professional engineering discipline that deals with Civil Engineering Specialization the design, construction Construction Engineering & and maintenance of Management physical and naturally built ○ Project management environment including; ○ Quantity surveying ○ public works such ○ Construction methods as roads, bridges, ○ Construction canals, dams, implementation airports, sewage ○ Supply chain systems, pipelines, Structural Engineering structural ○ Structural design components of ○ Forensic Engineering buildings and ○ Retrofitting railways. ○ Bridge Engineering The application of physical Water Resources Engineering and scientific principles of ○ Water supply and drainage solving the problems of ○ Waterways society. Transportation Engineering Its history is intricately ○ Traffic design linked to advances in ○ Urban planning and understanding of physics development and mathematics ○ Traffic impact throughout history. ○ Analysis ○ Airport Early C.E. Geotechnical Engineering Pyramid of Giza ○ Foundation Design ○ 2500-2700 BC ○ Retaining walls Qanat ○ Soil stabilization ○ System for transporting Environmental and Energy water from an aquifer or Engineering water well to the surface, ○ Sustainability through an underground ○ Efficient water and energy aqueduct. use Roman Aqueduct ○ Pont du Gard, France Full-pledge Civil Engineer Parthenon Finish Bachelor’s Degree Pass the board exam Modern C.E Gain experience in the field Use of equipment Gas pipelines Module 3 Modular construction Force Specialization The manifestation of action of one particles on the other.  It is a vector quantity Force extended pass through single point Resultant ○ The point is called the point The summation of all forces acting of concurrency. on an area. The line of action of all forces meet at the point of concurrency Characteristics of force May or may not be coplanar Magnitude Direction Non-concurrent force system Point of application The force of system do not meet at Line of action a common point of concurrency ○ This force system is called a Force system non-concurrent force Coplanar system. ○ Collinear Example: Parallel forces ○ Parallel May be coplanar or non-coplanar ○ Concurrent ○ Non-concurrent Module 4 Non-coplanar ○ Parallel Structure ○ Concurrent Arrangement of and relation ○ Non-concurrent between the parts or elements of something complex. Equation of Equilibrium Construction or arrangement Forces along “x” plane according to plan. Forces along “y” plane Type of structure Forces along “x” plane ○ Beams Moments ○ Frames ○ Trusses Collinear force system The line of action of all forces of a Beams system act along the same line. Structural elements that primarily resist loads applied laterally to the Parallel force axis. Two force action on parallel line Mode of deflection; Both have the same angle of ○ Bending inclination but never meet. Frames Coplanar force system Structural having the combination The line of action of a set of forces of beam, column and slab to resist line in single plane the lateral and gravity loads. Usually used to overcome the large Non-coplanar force system moments developing due to The line of actions of all forces do applied loading. not lie in one plane Trusses Concurrent force system Structure taht “consist of two-force member only, where the members  are organized so that the Type of Stresses assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object”. A “two-force member” is a structural component where force is applied to only two points. Theory of structure Deals with the principles and methods by which the direct stress, the shear and bending moment, and the deflection at any section of each consistent member in any structure may be calculated. Module 5 Types of loadings Surveying Point load The technique, profession, art and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position or points and distances and angles between them. Uniformly Distributed Load Land Surveyor A land surveying professional. Surveying equipment and their uses The main surveying instruments in use around the world are: Triangular Distributed Load ○ Theodolite Instruments for the measurement of angles. measure angles in Trapezoidally Distributed Load horizontal and vertical plane Uses two separate circles, protractors or alidades. Point Moment Gyro theodolite Form of theodolite. Uses gyroscope. Used in undergroun  d Types of Surveying applications. ○ Total station As-built surveying A development of A survey that documents the theodolite with location of recently constructed electronic distance elements of construction. measurement Done fir record, completion device (EDM). evaluation, and payment purposes. Can be used for Known as a ‘work as executed leveling when set to survey’. the horizontal plane. Cadastral or Boundary surveying ○ GPS A survey that establishes or Meaning “Global re-establishes boundaries of a Positioning System” parcel using legal description. Used for tracking Involved the setting or restoration and/or identifying of monuments it markers at the the exact location. corners or along the line of the ○ Staging Rod parcel. Used to mark points prior to marking Control surveying pins Establish reference points to use For the surveyor to ass starting positions for future see those points surveys. with theodolite/total Construction surveying station through Is to stake out reference point abd distance. markers that will guide the ○ Tripod construction of new structure such Used as the base of as roads or buildings. equipment for These markers are usually staked stability and ensure out according to suitable that it is levelled coordinate system selected for the through the bubble. project. ○ Marking pins Used to mark points Deformation surveying on the actual layout A survey to determine if a structure on the ground after or object is changing shape ir measurements and moving. levels are established. Dimensional survey ○ Stadia Rod Conducted in or on a non-level Used to measure surface. elevation reading Common in the oil or gas industry through Useful in the pff-shore industry, as theodolite/total not all platforms are fixed and are station. thus subject to movement. Foundation survey Structural surveying Done to collect the positional data A detailed inspection to report on a foundation that has been upon the physical condition and poured and is cured. structural stability of a building or Done to ensure that the foundation structure m. was constructed in the location, Highlights any work needed to and at the elevation, authorised in maintain it in good repair. the plot plan, site plan, or subdivision plan. Subdivision A boundary survey that splits a Engineering survey property into two or more smaller Topographic, layout, and as-built properties. survey’s associated with engineering design. Topographic survey Often need geodetic computation A survey that measures the beyond normal civil engineering elevation if points on a particular practice. piece of land, and presents them as contour lines on a plot. Hydrographic survey A survey conducted with the purpose of mapping the shoreline and bed of water. Levelling Either finds tge elevation if a given point or establish a point at a given elevation. Mining survey Includes directing the digging of mine shft and galleries and the calculation if volume of rock. Uses specialized techniques due to the restraints to survey geometry such as vertishafts and narrow passages. Mortgage survey Survey that delineates land boundaries and building locations. In many places a mortgage survey is a precondition for a mortgage loan. Photographic survey Survey that creates reference marks visible firm the air to allow aerial photographs to be rectified.