TLETVL_ICT-CSS9_Q2_WEEK1 PDF

9 Technical Vocational and Livelihood Information Communications Technology Computer Systems Servicing Quarter 2 – Module 1: Install Computer Systems and Networks Technical Vocational and Livelihood – Grade 12 (ICT- Computer Systems Servicing) Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2...

9 Technical Vocational and Livelihood Information Communications Technology Computer Systems Servicing Quarter 2 – Module 1: Install Computer Systems and Networks Technical Vocational and Livelihood – Grade 12 (ICT- Computer Systems Servicing) Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 1: INSTALL COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education – Division of Bohol Schools Division Superintendent: Bianito A. Dagatan, EdD, CESO V Assistants Schools Division Superintendent: Marina S. Salamanca PhD, CESE Casiana P. Caberte PhD, CESE Development Team of the Module Writer: Amie A. Hamo, MST Editor: Grace P. Mendez, PhD Reviewers: Zenaida P. Miano, Gina B. Castaňares, Delia G. Rafols, Delilah C. Atup, Leah Vanessa Aton, Jocelyn T. Rotersos Management Team: Bianito A, Dagatan EdD, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent Marina S. Salamanca PhD, CESE Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Casiana P. Caberte PhD, CESE Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Carmela S. Restificar PhD Grace P. Mendez PhD EPS, Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL) Josephine D. Eronico PhD EPS, LRMDS Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division of Bohol Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Bohol Office Address: 50 Lino Chatto Drive, Cogon District, Tagbilaran City, Bohol Telephone Nos. (038) 412- 4938 (038) 411-2544 (038) 501-7550 Telefax: (038) 501-755 E-mail Address: [email protected] What This Module is About Introductory Message Welcome to the Technical Vocational and Livelihood Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on ICT-Computer Systems Servicing! This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. For the facilitator: As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the parents: As vital partners in education, your support to your children’s learning at home is a great factor to ensure that they will become successful in what they do. As a parent, you are expected to monitor your children’s progress while they are accomplishing the tasks in this module, at the same time, ensuring that they learn independently. The objectives set for this learning material will be certainly accomplished with your steadfast guidance and support. For the learner: The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. How to Learn from this Module This module has the following parts: This part contains learning objectives that are set for you What I Need to Know to learn as you go along the module. This part connects previous lesson with that of the What’s In current one. This part is an introduction of the new lesson through What’s New various activities before it will be presented to you. These are discussions of the activities to deepen your What Is It discovery and understanding of the concept. These are follow-up activities that are intended for you What’s More to practice further to master the competencies. These are activities designed to process what you have What I have Learned learned from the lesson. These are tasks that are designed to showcase your What I Can Do skills and knowledge gained and applied into real-life concerns and situations. In this portion, another activity will be given to you to Additional Activities enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. 7. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult you teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. 8. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it.  What I Need to Know The module has three major topics, namely: Lesson 1 – Plan and Prepare for Installation Lesson 2 – Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems Lesson 3 – Conduct Test on the Installed Computer System The three major topics contain sub-topics that discuss the details on installing computer systems and networks. After going through this module, you are expected to: Learning Outcomes (LO)1. Plan and Prepare for Installation Observe Occupational Health and Safety policies and procedures in planning for installation activity in accordance with requirements Familiarize with computer hardware, software component and other peripherals in accordance with established procedures on correct operation and safety policies Consult appropriate/ technical personnel to ensure that work is coordinated with others who are involved in the activity Obtain materials necessary to complete the work in accordance with established procedures Check the materials received against job requirements Learning Outcomes (LO) 2. Install equipment/devices (hardware, software components and peripherals) and operating systems Follow OHS procedures in installing devices, systems, networking devices, and peripherals Comply with the requirements in installing devices/systems, networking devices, and peripherals Install computer systems, networking devices and peripherals in accordance with job requirements Perform installation of devices and variety of operating systems in accordance with customer/client’s requirements Obtain approval from appropriate personnel before implementing contingency procedures Respond to unplanned events or conditions in accordance to established procedures Check the quality of the work undertaken in accordance with the established procedures Learning Outcomes (LO) 3. Conduct test on the installed computer system Follow OHS policies and procedures in conducting tests Check circuits and systems being isolated using specified testing procedures Test devices, systems and/or installation to determine its conformity with the requirements Undertake final inspections on the installed devices, systems to ensure conformity with the requirements Accomplish technical reports on the tests conducted Follow procedures in forwarding documentation to appropriate personnel and/or authority on the test conducted In order to master the above listed competencies,  ICT-CSS9 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION Lesson Safety Measures: Occupational Health and 1 Safety (OHS) Learning Define OHS policy Objectives: Follow planned task to ensure OHS guidelines and procedure Code: TLE_IACSS9-12TCEW-IIIe-f-21 What is It OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Policy – An Information and communication technology (ICT) student should know how to behave when working in the computer laboratory, as well as implement a safe way of accomplishing every task. Safety practices should be learned early and always adheres in working with any electrical and electronic device, including personal computers and its peripherals. This is for your protection as well as to the people working with you, and for the devices that you are using. The basis for this process begins with Occupational Health and Safety Policies. Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a planned system of working to prevent illness and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks. Health and safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the computer and technology industries. You must identify the hazards where you are working and decide how dangerous they are. Eliminate the hazard or modify the risk that it presents. Occupational Health and Safety standards Each student has a responsibility to their colleagues and their organization to report and act upon any potential workplace hazard. Students need to be aware of the type of hazards that are possibly present in their work environment. Procedure: 1. Identify the hazard 2. Clear the area close to the hazard 3. Partition the hazard off or clearly identify the area to protect other people from harm 4. If the hazard is easily and safely cleared, then do so otherwise 5. Report the hazard to the appropriate person (such as teacher in charge, principal etc.) to obtain assistance 6. Following clearing of the hazard fill out the correct documentation to assist in identifying improved practice to reduce further incidence of hazards. All hazards must be reported using Accidental Report form. This enables us to track the kinds of hazards we have in our workplace, and act where necessary to make it safer for all student and clients. Accident reports Forms are used to give specific details with regards to the accidents happened in the laboratory during experiments. Accident reports contain the following details: Name of the person injured  Date and time of the accident Type of injury First aid given Action taken to prevent further accidents Accident report sample form Date: Accident Report Form Form No: Rm. No: Name: Yr/Sec: Type of Injury Cause of Injury Remedy Hazardous substances If the workplace hazard appears to be dangerous to staff and clients and professional assistance is required: A. Call the supervisor or manager and advise them of the problem and the urgency of the matter. B. Depending on the risk it may be called as an evacuation. C. Follow the evacuation procedure. D. The supervisor or manager will call in the fire brigade or specialized personnel who will deal with the spill. Fire exits All fire exits should be kept clear from obstacles. All students have a responsibility to make sure that chairs, empty boxes or any other type of obstacle are not placed in or near fire exit doorways. All corridors also need to have equipment stored on one side only to ensure that in the event of an emergency there is a clear exit. Fire Safety Procedure Each work area has a designated fire warden, who in the event of a fire will take charge. They are recognized by the wearing of a red hard hat. If you find the fire, assess the danger prior to doing anything: It is safe to move assist anyone in the vicinity of the fire away from danger It is possible to close the door to the fire area. Call for assistance. Verbally call FIRE, FIRE, in a loud and clear voice. Break the glass section of the fire alert call point. Call to the switch; ensure you know where the fire is, any other details that may be of assistance to the fire brigade. Details could be size of the fire, cause or type of fire, any people hurt or trapped, has anyone tried to put it out. If safe to do so, attack the fire with the correct extinguisher or fire hose. If the designated fire officer is not present, someone quickly needs to take responsibility and: 1. Locate the source of the fire. 2. Locate any people. 3. Remove all people from the building. 4. Once outside do a head count? 5. Notify the authorities. Personal Safety While Working with PC’s Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be injured or even killed if you don’t follow proper safety guidelines when working along with PC’s. The following are some precautionary measures to take before working with any computer equipment: Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chance of being shocked or seriously injured in an electrical accident. Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source. Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned on. Remove jewelries when working inside any computer related equipment. Be sure not to mix electronic components and water. What’s More Activity 1: True or False. Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided. _____ 1. Occupational Health and Safety is for your protection as well as to the people working with you, and for the devices that you are using. _____ 2. Health and safety procedure is the responsibility of the supervisors in the computer and technology industries. _____ 3. All fire exits should be kept clear from obstacles or anything that may hurt the person. _____ 4. When there is fire in the computer laboratory area, it is necessary to turn off the switch. What I Can Do Activity 2: As a Computer System Servicing student, how would you apply Occupational Health and Safety at home? Cite a situation in a video format. Send the file through teacher’s DepEd email account. ICT-CSS9 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION Lesson Understanding Computer System 2 Learning Identify the elements of a computer system Objectives: Understand how computer system works Identify the internal parts of a computer system Code: TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-IA-e-28 What is It A computer system is an electronic device that performs tasks based on instructions given by the user. The computer system works starting with the data entered by the user, then the computer processes the data and produces the outputs. A computer system is composed of Software hardware and software. 1. People People are the most important part of the Information Systems Technology. It is the people or the end users like you and me, who will operate, input the data, and use the resulting information to our personal and business lives to be productive and make effective decisions. The end user is a person who uses a computer or network services. 2. Procedure Procedures are the set of guidelines and rules to follow when using hardware, software applications, and data. The procedures are usually written and well documented in manuals that are included in most software packages. Software and hardware manufacturers provide written documentation for their product, so that users may be able to learn and maximize their productivity once they have mastered the equipment and the software. 3. Software Software or programs are instructions that tell the computer how it should do its work. The main purpose of a program is to process the data (raw facts) into usable information. For, example in a company, the invoicing program would give step-by-step instructions to the computer as to the number of items the company has sold, price of each product, and add them so that they would know the total sales for the transaction. Software has two kinds: 1. System software- like Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X 2. Application Software- like MS Word, Adobe Photoshop, AutoCAD 4. Hardware Hardware is the physical equipment that implements the data processing so that useful information may come as a result. The typical computer hardware would include a mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer, system unit, speakers, and other devices that may be included in a computer hardware setup. Hardware are the physical components of the computer as follows: Input/ Output units- mouse, keyboard, monitor and many others Memory unit or storage devices, two types are: Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM) Central Processing unit (CPU) Communication devices COMPUTER DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM: The computer is an electronic machine that performs the following four general operations: INFORMATION INFORMATION INPUT- defined as the data and command entered into a computer. Typing letters and numbers is called input. Input devices- converts data and instructions into electronic form for input into the computer. For example: keyboard, mouse, camera, scanner, microphone, Trackball, Joystick, graphics tablet, OCR reader, Biometrics and touch screen. PROCESS- Process is defined as the work done by the computer to input data and commands. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is where the process takes place. The CPU is the electronic circuitry inside the computer system case where the operations of the data and information are controlled and programs are executed. The Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU) and the Control Unit (CU) of the CPU process the input data using the program used. OUTPUT- is defines as the result of the data processing displayed on the monitor or heard on the speakers after the data is processed. The processed data is called information. Sometimes output is an instant reaction to the input of the following: When you purchase an item at a supermarket and pay at the cashier, scanning the bar code will provide input that will allow instant retrieval of outputs which are the price and item name. Output devices- convert electronic data produced by the computer system and display them in a form that the user can understand. For example: monitor, printer, speakers, headphones, plotter, projector, and TV screen. STORAGE-are used to store instructions and data when they are not being used in memory. Example of Storage devices are: Floppy Disks, Hard disk, CD-ROM (Compact disc-read only memory), CD-RW (Compact disc- rewritable), DVD-R, DVD-RW, USB (Universal Serial Bus) Flash drive or thumb drive. Memory unit- is where the programs and data are stored. For example: hard drive, CD drive, USB stick, DVD drive, Blu-ray disc, and SD card. Communication devices- are components that connect the computer to the Internet and other external devices. For example: modem, network card, Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) card, and Bluetooth. 5. Data Data includes texts, numbers, sounds, images, and video that are still unprocessed. These are the facts and faces of records that we input into the computer and then once processed may yield the desired information. 6. Connectivity Connectivity allows the computer to access and share data and information that are available somewhere else. This connectivity usually means an internet connection. An internet connection comes in any forms. Such as the telephone line, through wireless connection or cable. Connectivity will enhance the user’s capability and usefulness of their information systems technology. And to the competitive user, one must understand all these essential parts including connectivity, so that one may be effective in his particular workplace or home application. Different types of computers Based on the operational principle of computers, they are categorized as analog, digital and hybrid computers. Analog Computers: These are almost extinct today. These are different from a digital computer because an analog computer can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. It uses continuous variables for mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy. Figure1. Different Types of Computer Digital Computers: They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states, namely bits 0 and 1. They are analogous to states ON and OFF. Data on these computers is represented as a series of 0s and 1s. Digital computers are suitable for complex computation and have higher processing speeds. They are programmable. Digital computers a re either general purpose computers or special purpose ones. Special purpose computers, as their name suggests, are designed for specific types of data processing while general purpose computers are meant for general use. Hybrid Computers: These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers. In this type of computers, the digital segments perform process control by conversion of analog signals to digital ones. Classification of Computers The following are the classification of the different types of computers based on their sizes and functionalities: Mainframe Computers: Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical applications such as bulk data processing and ERP. Most of the mainframe computers have the capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate as a number of virtual machines and can substitute for several small servers. Minicomputers: In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers lie in between mainframes and microcomputers. Minicomputers are also called mid-range 39 systems or workstations. The term began to be popularly used in the 1960s to refer to relatively smaller third generation computers. Servers: They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a computer network. They have larger storage capacities and powerful processors. Running on them are programs that serve client requests and allocate resources like memory and time to client machines. Usually they are very large in size, as they have large processors and many hard drives. They are designed to be fail-safe and resistant to crash. Supercomputers: The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed by means of supercomputers. Quantum physics, mechanics, weather forecasting, molecular theory are best studied by means of supercomputers. Their ability of parallel processing and their well-designed memory hierarchy give the supercomputers, large transaction processing powers.  Figure2. Classification of Computer Desktop computers Many people use desktop computers at work, home, school, or the library. They can be small, medium, or large in style, and they usually sit on a desk. Once you add a monitor, mouse, and keyboard, you have what is typically known as a desktop computer. Most desktop computers are easy to upgrade and expand or add new parts. Another benefit of desktop computers is the cost. If you compare a desktop and a laptop with the same features, you will most likely find that the desktop computer is priced lower. Some desktop computers have a built-in monitor to save space. These are often called all-in-one desktop computers. Laptop computers The second type of computer you may be familiar with is a laptop computer, or a laptop. Laptops are battery- or AC-powered personal computers that are more portable than desktop computers, allowing you to use them almost anywhere. Because a laptop is smaller than a desktop, it's more difficult to access its internal components. This means you may not be able to upgrade them as easily as a desktop. However, it's usually possible to add more RAM or a larger hard drive. A laptop computer is sometimes called a notebook computer because of its size. Servers A server room A server is a computer that "serves up" information to other computers on a network. Many businesses have file servers that employees can use to store and share files. A server can look like a regular desktop computer, or it can be much larger. Servers also play an important role in making the Internet work: They are where webpages are stored. When you use your browser to click a link, a web server delivers the page you requested. Other types of computers Today, there are many everyday devices that are basically specialized computers, even though we don't always think of them as computers. Here are a few common examples: The iPad, a type of tablet computer Tablet computers: These use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation. Because they don't require a keyboard or mouse, tablet computers are even more portable than laptops. The iPad is an example of a tablet computer. Mobile phones: Many mobile phones can do a lot of things computers can do, such as browsing the Internet and playing games. These phones are often called smartphones. Game consoles: A game console is a specialized kind of computer that is used for playing video games. Although they are not as fully featured as desktop computers, many newer consoles, such as the Nintendo Wii, allow you to perform nongaming tasks like browsing the Web. TVs: Many TVs now include applications (or apps) that let you access various types of online content. For example, you can view your Facebook news feed or watch streaming movies on Netflix. Wearable Computers: A record-setting step in the evolution of computers was the creation of wearable computers. These computers can be worn on the body and are often used in the study of behavior modeling and human health. Military and health professionals have incorporated wearable computers into their daily routine, as a part of such studies. PCs and Macs Personal computers come in two main styles: PC and Mac. Both styles are fully functional, but they do have a different look and feel, and many people prefer one or the other. A PC A Mac PC: This type of computer began with the original IBM PC that was introduced in 1981. Other companies began to create similar computers, which were called IBM PC Compatible (often shortened to PC). Today, this is the most common type of personal computer, and it typically includes the Microsoft Windows operating system. Mac: The Macintosh computer was introduced in 1984, and it was the first widely sold personal computer with a Graphical User Interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). All Macs are made by one company, Apple Inc., and they almost always use the Mac OS X operating system. Although PC can refer to an IBM PC Compatible, the term can also be used to refer to any personal computer, including Macs. What’s More Activity 1: Multiple choice. Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on your answer sheet. 1. It is the electronic circuitry within a computer where the operations of data and information are controlled and where programs are executed. a. CPU b. Input unit c. Output unit d. Memory unit 2. These are set of guidelines and rules to follow when using the hardware, the software applications, and the data. a. Programs b. Instructions c. Algorithms d. Procedures 3. These are the facts and facets of records that we input into the computer.  a. Word b. Data c. Files d. Record 4. It is the physical equipment that implements the data processing so that useful information may come as a result. a. Software b. Input unit c. Hardware d. CPU What I Can Do Activity 2: Enumeration. 1. List down five examples of input devices. _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ 2. List down five examples of output devices. _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ Activity 3: Challenge! Think about all of the computers that are necessary for you to complete your day-to-day activities: How did the cashier scan and calculate your grocery items? Is the weather map on television computer-generated? ICT-CSS9 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION Lesson Understanding Computer System 1.3.1 - Categories of Computer Hardware Learning Describe the computer hardware Objectives: Identify the input and output devices Code: TLE_IACSS9-12TCEW-IIIe-f-21 What is It Hardware is the physical equipment which includes the input devices, system unit, and output devices. The input devices are used to input data into the computer. The central processing unit or CPU or microprocessor is the brain of the computer. It is stored inside the computer case placed in a slot within the motherboard together with the other components such as: 1. Motherboard containing the CPU, CPU fan/heatsink, memory card or RAM, BIOS, ROM, CMOS, coin cell battery, north bridge interface, south bridge interface, I/O system, and connectors for back panel, power supply, Serial ATA, ATA disk drive, slots for PCI, ISA, AGP, and peripheral components. 2. Power Supply 3. Case fan, Power cable, and SATA cable 4. LAN Card 5. Graphics/ Video/Sound Card 6. Hard Disk drive 7. Optical drive or CD/DVD drive 8. Ports and wires The output devices allow the user to see the result of the data that has been processed. Storage devices are used to store the data. Storage data may either be internally installed in the system unit or removable. 1. Hard drive 2. Compact Disk Read Only Memory or CD ROM 3. DVD 4. Flash drive Computer memory that stores data are: 1. Random Access Memory or RAM which is the main memory 2. Read Only Memory or ROM which is a memory on which data have been prerecorded. ROM preserves its contents even when the computer is turned off. An example of ROM is the system setup. INPUT DEVICES Input devices allow people to interact with a computer. They allow users to input selected data into the computer for processing. The following are the input devices and its uses: Mouse – acts as the pointing device that you can use to choose programs and files to open, function selection, and to scroll pages up and down. Keyboard- a computer input device modeled from the keys of a typewriter.it allows one to input texts, numbers, special characters, and other functions into the computer. Ergonomic keyboard Wireless keyboard Compact keyboard Gaming keyboard Virtual Scanner- scans and copies images, objects, texts, handwriting, and converts them as a digital image. Graphics input devices- a digitizing tablets allows you to create your images. This device has the special stylus that you can use to draw or trace images, which are then converted to digital data that can be processed by the computer. Web Camera- functions like a digital and video camera. It allows one to place images into the computer. It may be built- in or may be attached to the computer units. Webcam can be used for video conferencing with friends, relatives, teachers and business associates allowing the participants to see each other. Game Pad- also called joy pad or control pad functions as handheld game controller for computer games. It has buttons corresponding to some of the fingers which give one better control of the characters being played in a computer game. Joystick- used as a controller device that pivots around so that one could move in any direction. It is usually used in video games involving flight control for airplanes and other aircraft, unmanned submarines, trucks, and medical surgical operations. Trackball- variation on the mouse. Use trackball to play games. The popularity of the trackball surged with the advent of laptop computers, when traveling users found themselves without a flat surface on which to roll the traditional mouse. Microphone- an input device connected to the computer to the sound card via microphone port. The microphone can be used as voice recorder, VoIP, computer gaming, online chatting, and recording of songs and musical instruments. OUTPUT DEVICES Monitor – functions as a visual display unit for images, text, graphics, generated by the computer. Kinds of monitor: 1. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)/Light Emitting Diode (LED)- modern flat panel which occupies less space. 2. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)- older and bulkier monitor model. 3. Plasma 4. HPA- High Performance Addressing 5. Touch Screen 6. DLP 7. SED- Surface Conduction Electron-emitter display Printer -produce a permanent or hard copy human readable text and/or graphics of documents stored on a computer. Four kinds of printer: 1. Dot matrix printer- a computer printer that prints by hammering or striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against a paper. It functions just like the typewriter, and the advantage of this type of printer is that it can easily create carbon copies because of the impact action of the printing process and the cost per page of printing is relatively cheap. 2. Laser printer- is a computer printer that produces high quality prints of text or graphics on plain paper. Color and black and white printing are available in this type of printer. It has faster speeds than dot matrix and inkjet printers. Printing in laser beam is based on the principle of photocopiers.  3. Ink jet printer- is the most common printer for general use at home or at the office. It could be used in any medium aside from paper. This printer operates by propelling different sizes of very small and precise amount of ink droplets onto a paper or other media. 4. Plotter- is a printing device that operates by moving a set of four pens in different colors over a paper surface and can also have shading features. Most plotters are used in printing computer-aided designs of houses, buildings, mechanical equipment, electrical and electronic designs, landscape and interior designs, maps, bar charts, engineering drawings and two -three dimensional illustrations. Speakers- are your audio output for music, video, and computer alerts. They are normally amplified so that one can enjoy the available audio output for the computer. Terminals- terminal screen may be the monitor of a self- contained personal computer, or it may be part of a terminal that is one of many terminals attached to a large computer. It consist of an input device, output device, and communication link to the main computer. Voice output- Speech synthesis is the process of enabling machines to talk to the people. Machine voices are not real voices but a product of a voice synthesizers which are also called voice outputs or audio response units. They convert data in main storage to vocalized sounds understandable to humans. Example: When you start your car and a voice tells you “systems activated”. Music output- music is created by a sound card installed internally in the computer and attached to the speakers. With the appropriate software, the computer can produce the sound of an orchestra or a rock band. Computer graphics- can also be found in education, computer arts, science, sports, business and many others. For example: TV commercials or movies that use computer-aided animated objects. Video graphics- it is like an animated cartoon with better quality and area produced by computer. For example, before watching a TV show or a movie, the TV or movie logo with music or sound, moving objects ar all computer outputs.  What’s More Activity 1: Identification. Direction: Identify the following terms being described. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided. _____ 1. It is a printing device that operates by moving a set of four pens in different colors over a paper surface and can also have shading features. _____ 2. It produces a permanent or hard copy human readable text and/or graphics of documents stored on a computer. _____ 3. It is a memory on which data have been prerecorded. _____ 4. It allows people to interact with a computer. What I Can Do Activity 2: Enumeration. 1. List down the two computers memory that stores data. _______________________ _______________________ 2. List down the kinds of monitor. _______________________ _______________________ ICT-CSS9 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION Lesson Understanding Computer System 4 - Categories of Computer Hardware Learning Describe the storage devices Objectives: Identify the kinds of storage devices Code: TLE_IACSS9-12TCEW-IIIe-f-21 What is It Storage Auxiliary storage devices, also called secondary storage devices, are used to store instructions and data when they are not being used in memory. 1. Floppy Disks - A floppy disk is a circular piece of oxide-coated plastic that stores data as magnetic spots. Personal computers most commonly use floppy disks that are 3.25 inches in diameter. Floppy disks must be handled with care to preserve data. Follow the suggestions to protect your floppy disk. 1. Store in box or disk storage container. 2. Protect disk from dust. 3. Keep disk out of sunlight and away from extremes of hot or cold. 4. Don't press hard when writing on labels. Use a felt tip pen. 5. Insert metal side into drive first with the hub of the disk down. 6. Don't store disk near magnetic sources. 2. Optical Disc- are storage media that use laser technology to store data onto a circular plastic or metallic disc. The data in the disc are accessed by the use of an Optical Disc Drive( ODD). Two most common optical disc: 1. Compact disc (CD)- also known as CD, has a standard capacity of 700 MB(megabytes). Three types of CD: CD-ROM, CDR, Rewritable CD. Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) Storage – are CDs with pre-installed data, music, videos and programs. Data or information inside the CD could not be altered and are only available for access or reading. They are read by using the optical disc drive or CD drive. Because of its external storage, you can use your machine to access an encyclopedia, games, graphics, and a variety of sources that use large amounts of memory. 8bits=byte 1024 bytes=Kilobyte/KB 1024KB=Megabyte/MB 1024MB= Gigabyte/GB 1024GB=Terabyte/TB 1024 TB= Petabyte/ PB 1024 PB= Exabyte/ EB 1024 EB= Zettabyte/ ZB 1024 ZB= Yottabyte/YB Compact Disc Recordable (CDR)- is a CD where one can store or write data using a CD writer and once written into the CD, it stays there permanently. This CD is also known as the “write once CD”. CDR is used to store data for future access.  Compact Disc Rewritable (CD-RW)- rewritable CD, is a Cd wherein data stored inside can be altered, erased, and then saved again. These are versatile disc since they can be used as temporary storage for work progress. Blue- Ray- is a high definition, high capacity data and video storage device. Blue laser is used to read and write to the disk. 2. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)- is better than CDs in terms of capacity, it looks like a CD but has a capacity of 4.7 GB, which is 17 times the capacity of a CD. It can be accessed through the use of DVD Drive; most DVD drives can also read CDs. Like the CDs, DVDs have also DVD-ROM, DVD Recordable, and DVD Rewritable.3. Mini CDs and Mini DVDs- are CDs and DVDs in a smaller size format, also known as the 3-inch CD/DVDs. They function just like the standard CDs and DVDs but of smaller capacity and but has the advantage of being small. 3. High Capacity Optical Media- Blu-Ray Disc (BD) is a new generation optical disc, with the same dimension and look as a CDs and DVDs, but has a high capacity. It still uses laser technology but of a different wavelength than the one used for a CDs and DVDs which is called Blue laser(real color of ray is violet). It can store 25 to 50 GB of data which is 5 to 10 times compared to a DVD. External DVD drives- it can be connected to the computer using a USB connector and the windows program and other operating systems automatically recognize the drives and can be sued immediately. It is very useful for mobile computers such as netbooks. Hard Disk Is a non-volatile storage device which is an essential part of a computer system hardware, personal desktops, laptops and even server computers. It has a lot of storage space and process faster. It has magnetized disks inside, stacked one after another, where data are recorded by magnetizing. Magnetic storage technology has the advantage of being easily erased and written on, and it can remember or store information for a very long time. The hard disk located inside the computer case is made of a stack of rotating disks, called platters. Data is recorded on a series of tracks that have been divided into sectors. Most computers have one hard drive, located inside the computer case. If a computer has one hard drive, it is called drive C. If a computer has additional hard drives, they are called drives D, E, and so on. A hard drive stores your programs. When you buy a new program, you must install the program files to your hard drive before you can use the program. A hard drive stores your data files such as documents spreadsheets, and graphics.  Application and characteristics of hard disk: 1. Storage capacity- today’s hard disk capacity starts from 80 GB to few terabytes. The higher the capacity the better it is because this can store more data and programs without the need for additional storage. 2. Rotation speed-the platters rotate at very high speed with current hard disk speed rate 5400 to 7200 revolutions per minute(rpm). The faster the rotations of the hard drive, the better, since this would mean faster seek time and faster data transfer rate. 3. Wiring connection- connections of the hard disk to the computer unit is either Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), also known as Parallel Advance Technology Attachement (PATA), and the newer Serial Advance Technology Attachment (SATA) cables. The SATA technology has the advantage of less cable bulk, fast data transfer, and low cost. KINDS OF HARD DISK 1. Internal Hard Disk This hard disk is non-volatile or permanent storage inside the computer box. It stores programs and files of the computers. It gets power from the motherboard and is directly connected to the system unit via data cable. 2. External Hard Disk- these are hard disk with enclosure made of plastic or metal, usually aluminum. The popular size is either 3.5 inch for desktop computers, which requires external power to operate or the 2.5 for laptop computers, which connect to the computer via USB port without additional external power. It has the capacity of 80 GB to 3 TB. FLASH MEMORY Flash memory is a non-volatile memory that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed which is used for general purpose storage and data transfer used in cellular phones, digital cameras, video cameras, handheld devices, PDAs, video game consoles, and other electronic gadgets. Kinds of Flash memory: 1. Flash drive- USB flash drive is a flash memory storage device with a USB connector, having a capacity of 4GB to 128GB. It is more is durable, more reliable in data storage, a lot smaller compared to a floppy disk, have large data capacity, fast and cheaper in terms of cost per memory space and storage capacity. Flash drives with micro USB connectors are available for use with smartphones, tablets and computer designed as thin as possible. 2. Solid State Drive- it has the same characteristics of a flash drive but it has more memory capacity and it is used as an alternative to hard disk drives. It has the advantage of having no moving parts and therefore it is resistant to movements and shock, run silently, have faster access time and can be manufactured in smaller packaging. 3. Memory- Memory Cards or Flash Memory Cards are solid-state electronic data storage devices that use flash memory. It is non-volatile memory. This memory offers low cost, high re-record-ability, power-free storage, small form factor, fast data transfer, and rugged environmental specifications. a. Compact flash- was first introduced in 1994 by Sandisk. It is a flash memory mass storage device mostly used in digital camera that has high memory capacity and reliability. The ruggedness and toughness of this card makes it a better choice by photographers” out in the field”. b. Memory stick- manufactured by Sony in 1998 for its wide range of products including digital camera, video camera, cellular phones, PDAs PSP and other devices. Ex. Memory stick Pro, Memory Stick Pro Duo, and Memory Stick PRO- HG. c. Multimedia Card (MMC)- is a standard flash memory card mostly used in cellular phones introduced by Siemens AG and Sandisk in 1997. This memory card has a dimension of 24mm x 32mm x1.4mm which is a big as a postage stamp. d. Secure Digital(SD)- is a flash memory card with a dimension of 24mm x 32mm x2.1mm. This card was developed by Panasonic, Sandisk, and Toshiba in 1999 to be used for digital cameras, mobile phones, PDAs, handheld computers, video game console and GPS receivers. e. Mini SD card- is a card for use with cellular phones, digital cameras and MP3 Players. Released by Sandisk in 2003, it has a small form factor and a dimension of 21.5 x 20 x 1.4mm. These cards can be used in gadgets that use SD cards by using an adaptor. f. Micro SD- is the smallest removable flash memory in the market, almost the size of a fingernail at 15 x 11 x 0.7mm. It is designed for use in cellular phones. MicroSDHC is also available. Micro SD often includes an adaptor so it can be used in gadgets using SD but not on MiniSD. HIERARCHY OF STORAGE 1. Primary storage- this refers to the memory devices that are directly connected and accessible to the computer. It helps in the proper operations of the computer system by providing and storing the data and instructions continuously as required. The memories included are the registers and cache memories inside the CPU chip, and the Random Access Memory(RAM) that is connected to the CPU by a memory bus. Data stored there are lost when power is shut down. The access tine using primary is measured in billionth of a second or nanosecond. 2. Secondary storage- this refers to the storage that is not directly accessible by the computer. The most common is the hard disk inside the computer. The secondary storage is non-volatile, which means that it does not lose its data when the power is shut down. 3. Tertiary storage- this refers to the storage used for a very large volume of data that are stored for future use. These data are archived and are seldom used. Example: jukebox, robotic arm locates an optical disk to a player to access the music or video. 4. Off-line storage- this refers to the memories that are not directly connected or controlled by a computer system. Example: USB flash drive, memory cards, optical disk, and external hard disk. STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS 1. PERFORMANCE Throughput- is the measure of data transfer from storage to and from the computer system usually measured in bytes per second. The higher value is preferable.  Latency- is the measure of time delay to obtain the data from a storage location. Today’s typical latency is measured in nanoseconds for primary storage, milliseconds for secondary storage and seconds in tertiary storage. A small value for latency is desirable, since it would mean less data access delay. 2. Accessibility Random Access- indicates that data can be accessed within the storage at almost the same time wherever is the location of the information. It is ideal for primary and secondary storage. Sequential access- indicates that data is accessed one after another. Data placed first will be accessed the shortest time and those stored last will take a longer time to get. Examples of this type of storage are magnetic cassette tapes and video tapes. 3. Volatility Volatile- data stored here are lost when power is turned off. But usually, memories of this type have small latency values and fast operating speeds. Majority of RAMs are volatile. Non-volatile- data stored here are retained even when the power is turned off. Hard disks, floppy disks, optical disks, and flash drives are non-volatile storage media. SOLID STATE DRIVES- do not have moving parts because the y do not rely on spinning platters. Instead, data are pooled in an array of NAND flash. NAND flash is a type of logic gate made of transistors that are designed to retain its “memory” even when there is no power, making it a non-volatile memory just like the hard disk. One SSD may contain thousands or millions of transistors. Advantages of SSD over HD: 1. Faster boot-up time of 20 seconds vs.40 seconds. 2. Faster data read/write speed of 200-1500 megabytes per second vs. 50-200 megabytes per second. 3. Faster opening of application programs. Ex. excel files. 4. Low noise since there area no moving parts. 5. No need for cooling an can tolerate a wide range of temperature. 6. It can operate in temperatures below freezing points up to -55 degrees. 7. Resistant to shock an vibration. 8. It is not sensitive to mounting or installation. 9. Very small and lightweight. 10. Consume less power which could contribute to longer battery life for laptops. Disadvantages of SSD: 1. SSD continue to decline in cost but it is still 4 times more expensive than HD. 2. NAND flash in SSDs has finite number of times that you can write on it. What’s More Activity 1: True or False. Direction: Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is not. Write your answer on your answer sheet. 1. Optical disc is a storage media that uses laser technology to store data onto a circular plastic or metallic disc. 2. Non-volatile loses its stored data when power is turned off. 3. Length is the measure of amount that can be stored in a memory or storage device. 4. Hard disk has magnetized disks inside, stacked one after another, where data is recorded by magnetizing.  What I Can Do Activity 2: Enumeration. 1. Give the kinds of flash memory. (Give 2 examples) _______________________ _______________________ 2. Advantages of SSD. (Give 2 examples) _______________________ _______________________ What I Can Do If you want to buy a storage media, what would it be? Why? Cite 3 reasons of buying the product. SUMMATIVE TEST: I. Multiple choice. Direction: Read the sentences carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on your answer sheet. 1. A computer that is intended to use on a single location_______. A.PDA B. Tablet C. Laptop D. Desktop 2. It is a volatile type of memory that holds data only when the power is on_____. A. Read Only Memory B. Motherboard C. Processor d. Random Access Memory 3. What do you call to the device that is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and applications? A. Adapters B. Hard disk drive C. Processor D. Optical drive 4. What do you call to a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media? A. Adapters B. Hard disk drive C. Processor D. Optical drive 5. It accepts data and instructions from the user or from another computer system_____. A. Input devices B. Output devices C. Storage devices D. Peripheral devices 6. A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translates the information into a form the computer can use_____. A. Input devices B. Output devices C. Scanning device D. Peripheral devices 7. Any piece of computer hardware that displays results after the computer has processed the input data that has been entered_____. A. Input devices B. Output devices C. Storage devices D. Peripheral devices 8. It is the set of instructions that guides the hardware to operate effectively_____. A. Application software B. Software C. Operating system software D. Anti-Virus Software 9. They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a computer network_____. A. Mainframe B. Server C. Minicomputer D. Supercomputer 10. These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers_____. A. Analog B. Server C. hybrid computer D. Digital computer  Key Answer Lesson 1 What’s More 1. TRUE 2. FALSE (all persons) 3. TRUE 4. TRUE What I Can Do Lesson 2 What’s More 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C Activity 2: 1. Input Devices- keyboard, mouse, camera, scanner, microphone, Trackball, Joystick, graphics tablet, OCR reader, Biometrics and touch screen. (Any of the following, 5 answers only) 2. Output devices- monitor, printer, speakers, headphones, plotter, projector, and TV screen. (Any of the following, 5 answers only) What I Can Do Lesson 3 What’s More 1. Plotter 2. Printer 3. ROM 4. Input device Activity 2: 1. RAM, ROM 2. CRT, LED, Plasma, HPA- High Performance Addressing, Touch Screen, DLP, SED What I Can Do Lesson 4 What’s More 1.T 2. F (Volatile) 3. F (Capacity) 4. T Activity 2: 1. Flash Drive, Solid State Drive, Memory One SSD may contain thousands or millions of transistors. 2. Advantages of SSD over HD: Faster boot-up time of 20 seconds vs.40 seconds. Faster data read/write speed of 200-1500 megabytes per second vs. 50-200 megabytes per second. Faster opening of application programs. Ex. excel files. Low noise since there area no moving parts. No need for cooling an can tolerate a wide range of temperature. It can operate in temperatures below freezing points up to -55 degrees.  Resistant to shock an vibration. It is not sensitive to mounting or installation. Very small and lightweight. Consume less power which could contribute to longer battery life for laptops. SUMMATIVE TEST: I. Multiple choice. 1. D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. C Sierra Bullones Technical Vocational High School Salvador, Sierra Bullones, Bohol CSS 9 Quarter 2 – Module 1 Install Computer Systems and Networks Answer Sheet Name: _________________________________ Score:____________ Grade & Section: _________________________ Date: _____________ Lesson 1 What’s More 1. 2. 3. 4. What I Can Do Lesson 2 What’s More 1. 2. 3. 4. What I Can Do Lesson 3 What’s More 1. 2. 3. 4. What I Can Do Lesson 4 What’s More 1. 2. 3. 4. What I Can Do Teachers’ Signature Parent’s Signature Over Printed Name