The Philippines Branches of Government PDF

The Philippines Branches of Government The Philippines operates under a presidential, democratic republic system with three distinct branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. This system ensures a balance of power by dividing responsibilities and granting each branch specific functions. JA...

The Philippines Branches of Government The Philippines operates under a presidential, democratic republic system with three distinct branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. This system ensures a balance of power by dividing responsibilities and granting each branch specific functions. JA by JEROME ANGELES Executive Branch President Vice President The President is the head of state and head of government, The Vice President serves as the President's immediate holding the highest executive authority. They are responsible successor. They also preside over the Senate and can be for executing laws, leading the armed forces, and appointing appointed to other roles by the President. The Vice President government officials. The President also oversees foreign often plays a key role in supporting the President's agenda and policy and represents the Philippines in international affairs. promoting national interests. Legislative Branch Senate House of Representatives The Senate is the upper house of the Philippine Congress, The House of Representatives is the lower house of the comprised of 24 senators elected nationwide. Senators serve Philippine Congress, with 300 members elected from districts six-year terms and focus on policy-making and oversight of the across the country. Representatives serve three-year terms and executive branch. They are responsible for approving treaties, primarily focus on representing their constituencies. They confirming presidential appointments, and passing legislation. initiate bills concerning revenue and appropriations and play a crucial role in crafting laws that impact the lives of Filipinos. Judicial Branch Supreme Court Court of Appeals The highest court in the Philippines, composed of a Chief Justice The second-highest court in the Philippines, with multiple and 14 Associate Justices. The Supreme Court has the final say on divisions handling appeals from lower courts. The Court of all legal matters and serves as the ultimate interpreter of the Appeals reviews factual findings and legal decisions of the Constitution. It reviews decisions from lower courts and ensures Regional Trial Courts (RTCs). consistency in the application of laws. Regional Trial Courts (RTCs) Metropolitan Trial Courts (MTCs) Courts of general jurisdiction, handling a wide range of cases, Courts of limited jurisdiction, handling smaller claims, traffic including civil, criminal, and family matters. RTCs are located in offenses, and certain criminal cases. MTCs are found in urban various provinces and cities across the Philippines, providing areas, providing access to justice for everyday matters. access to justice at the regional level. Checks and Balances Executive Branch Legislative Branch Judicial Branch The President can veto laws passed by Congress can override presidential The Supreme Court can review laws Congress. vetoes and has the power to impeach passed by Congress and can declare the President. executive actions unconstitutional. Role of the President Enforces Laws The President executes and enforces laws passed by Congress, ensuring their effective implementation and compliance. National Security The President serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, responsible for safeguarding national security and protecting the country from threats. Foreign Policy The President sets the Philippines' foreign policy direction, engaging in diplomatic relations, promoting international cooperation, and representing the country globally. Bicameral Congress Senate House of Representatives The Senate is the upper house of the Philippine Congress. It The House of Representatives is the lower house of Congress. It has 24 members elected nationwide, each serving a six-year has 300 members elected from districts across the country, term. The Senate focuses on policy-making, scrutinizing the each serving a three-year term. The House focuses on executive branch, and approving treaties and presidential representing the people, initiating revenue and appropriations appointments. bills, and playing a crucial role in shaping laws. Judicial Hierarchy Supreme Court 1 Highest court in the Philippines. Court of Appeals 2 Reviews decisions from lower courts. Regional Trial Courts (RTCs) 3 Handle civil, criminal, and family matters. Metropolitan Trial Courts (MTCs) 4 Limited jurisdiction for smaller claims and minor offenses. Conclusion Balance of Power The three branches of government work together to ensure that no one branch has 1 too much power. Separation of Powers 2 Each branch has its own distinct functions and responsibilities. Checks and Balances 3 Each branch can limit the power of the other branches.