the nature of infection.pdf

the nature of infection 19/10/23, 6:55 PM the nature of infection Antimicrobial targets Cytoplasmic membrane • • Energy generation in bacteria - positive charge Target of lots of common antimicrobial agents e.g. ethanol Cell wall • Gram-positive bacteria: thick layer of peptidoglycan in cell...

the nature of infection 19/10/23, 6:55 PM the nature of infection Antimicrobial targets Cytoplasmic membrane • • Energy generation in bacteria - positive charge Target of lots of common antimicrobial agents e.g. ethanol Cell wall • Gram-positive bacteria: thick layer of peptidoglycan in cell wall retains primary Gram stain (purple) • Gram-negative bacteria: thinner peptidoglycan layer, allows crystal violet to wash out and are stained by counterstain (pink) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) • • • • Key component of endotoxin (part of outer membrane of cell wall in Gram-negative bacteria) Structural role Antigen and bacterial toxin Antibiotic uptake, inflammation Factors for bacterial growth • Food • Temperature • pH • Osmotic protection • Oxygen Multicellularity • Colony development and differentiation • Biofilms: colonies of bacteria that adhere together and adhere to environmental surfaces ◦ Bacteria inside a biofilm are much more resistant to antimicrobial agents https://galvanized-borogovia-4fa.notion.site/the-nature-of-infection-8605c407d82949dcabffb06acb0416be#a4b2ee3d6918439dbf38db0dc0ba0371 Page 1 of 2 the nature of infection https://galvanized-borogovia-4fa.notion.site/the-nature-of-infection-8605c407d82949dcabffb06acb0416be#a4b2ee3d6918439dbf38db0dc0ba0371 19/10/23, 6:55 PM Page 2 of 2