History of Private Investigation & Security PDF

THE HISTORY OF PRIVATE INVESTIGATION & SECURITY FRANCOIS-EUGENE VIDOCQ (THE 1ST PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR   Born July 23rd, 1775  Spent his teenage years as a thief although his family was not poor  By age 20 Vidocq was sentenced to prison  He esca...

THE HISTORY OF PRIVATE INVESTIGATION & SECURITY FRANCOIS-EUGENE VIDOCQ (THE 1ST PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR   Born July 23rd, 1775  Spent his teenage years as a thief although his family was not poor  By age 20 Vidocq was sentenced to prison  He escaped the prison and for a short time was a privateer amongst several other unsavory careers  After his father’s death in 1799 he returned to Paris and tried to turn his life around FRANCOIS-EUGENE VIDOCQ (THE 1ST PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR)   Vidocq became a spy/informant for the Paris police (the Surete)  In the early stages of the French Revolution Vidocq and the Surete attempted to contain the activities of the mobs in Paris  Vidocq’s methods of getting information were often at odds with his superiors in the Surete  In 1833 Vidocq having ceased working with the Surete and founded Le Bureau des renseignements which is considered to be the first identified detective agency FRANCOIS-EUGENE VIDOCQ (THE 1ST PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR)   Vidocq continued to have problems with the local authorities and had a great deal of criticisms leveled against him and his employees  Vidocq contracted cholera and on May 11th, 1857 he died in Paris  Vidocq created invisible ink and used plaster casts for footwear impressions  Vidocq also started using index cards containing arrested persons personal details, where they were arrested , aliases, methods etc. FRANCOIS-EUGENE VIDOCQ (THE 1ST PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR   Numerous books and articles were written about him during Vidocq’s life and after his death  Vidocq also wrote his memoirs and they were well received by the French public  Movies have also been made about the life of Vidocq  In 2001 the movie Vidocq was made starring Gerard Depardieu FRANCOIS-EUGENE VIDOCQ (THE 1ST PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR   The Vidocq Society  A group of crime specialists meet each month in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in an attempt to solve unsolved cases and have an excellent meal  The Society was founded in 1990 by three crime solving acquaintances Frank Bender, William Fleisher and Richard Walter  The Society has a membership of 82 with new members needing to be nominated by existing members  http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/03/vidocq-society-cold -case-murders FRANCOIS-EUGENE VIDOCQ (THE 1ST PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR THE HISTORY OF PRIVATE INVESTIGATION & SECURITY Part 2 Allan Pinkerton and his Legacy ALLAN PINKERTON  ALLAN PINKERTON & HIS LEGACY  Born on August 25th, 1819 in Glasgow, Scotland  His mother was a weaver and his father was a part-time policeman  The family was impoverished and his father died when he was eight  Pinkerton went to work as a weaver’s apprentice and by twenty was working as a cooper (barrel maker)  He was actively involved in the Chartist Movement in Great Britain   Because of his views and a few acts he instigated of a questionable nature, a warrant was issued for his arrest. He was 22 years of age  He married his girlfriend Joan, packed his belongings and fled to North America  In 1843 Pinkerton and his wife settled in Dundee, Illinois just outside of Chicago, Illinois  He set up a business as a manufacturer of barrels ALLAN PINKERTON & HIS LEGACY   In 1847, short of wood he went to an uninhibited island near his home. Finding the remains of a fire he was suspicious. He returned at night and found several men fashioning something over the fire. Pinkerton returned with the county sheriff and several men were arrested for counterfeiting coins.  Pinkerton’s activities became common knowledge in the town ALLAN PINKERTON & HIS LEGACY   When bogus bank notes were being distributed to merchants they turned to Pinkerton  Pinkerton identified his suspect as John Craig who he lured with friendly intimidations of his own dishonesty  After a few small transactions of good currency for bad, Craig agreed to meet Pinkerton at a Chicago hotel to arrange a larger deal.  When the two met and were discussing the deal, two detective constables arrested Craig. Craig bribed his way out of jail before going to trial. ALLAN PINKERTON & HIS LEGACY   In 1848 the Sheriff of Cook County asked Pinkerton to go to Chicago to serve as a deputy  In 1849 Pinkerton was appointed Chicago’s first full time detective  In 1850 Pinkerton gave up his position as a detective to establish his own private detective agency  In 1855 Pinkerton signed several contracts with mid-western railroads to protect their property ALLAN PINKERTON & HIS LEGACY   As local police forces were small, corrupt, and did not follow criminals to other jurisdictions Pinkerton’s company filled a crucial role  Pinkerton made it known he would follow a criminal from one end of the country to the other  By 1860 Pinkerton became indispensable as a clearinghouse for all manner of information on criminal activity  Pinkerton became an accomplished actor who donned disguises to solve his cases ALLAN PINKERTON & HIS LEGACY   Pinkerton hired Kate Warner, the first woman in the United States to become a detective  Prior to the American Civil War (1860-1865) Pinkerton assisted slaves from the south to escape to the north  In February 1861 Pinkerton uncovered a plot to assassinate the American President Abraham Lincoln in Baltimore, Maryland saving his life ALLAN PINKERTON & HIS LEGACY By the 1870’s “We Never Sleep” and the unblinking eye became Pinkerton’s trademarks   Pinkerton worked for the Union army of the north. Using the undercover name E.J. Allen, he headed an organization whose purpose was to gain military information in the southern states  After the Civil War Pinkerton resumed the management of his detective agency  Pinkerton wrote two major books; Strikers, Communists and Tramps (1878) and Thirty Years a Detective (1884)  Allan Pinkerton died July 1st, 1884 in Chicago , Illinois  Pinkerton’s sons Robert and William continued in the family business ALLAN PINKERTON & HIS LEGACY   From 1870 -1890 the Pinkerton Detective Agency dealt with the wild west’s most famous criminals – Frank and Jesse James, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Sam Bass  In the 1870’s, 1880’s and the 1890’s Pinkerton’s got involved in labour disputes particularly involving the railroads and mining companies. Often the company got involved in strike breaking for their clients.  The Homestead Strike of 1892  The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 ALLAN PINKERTON & HIS LEGACY   In 1937 Robert A. Pinkerton, then head of the Agency, forbade any member of his agency to ever accept undercover work involving the investigation of a labour union  In 1965 Pinkerton’s became a public company and changed its name to Pinkerton’s Inc.  Pinkerton’s Inc. and Burns International merged in 2001 as a division of Securitas AB a Swedish security company  Pinkerton Consulting & Investigation has offices all over the world ALLAN PINKERTON & HIS LEGACY  The History of Private Investigation & Security OTHER INDUSTRY PLAYERS   In 1853 August Pope patented one of the first electric burglar alarm systems  In 1858 Edwin Holmes took Pope’s invention to New York City and sold it to wealthy homeowners. Holmes operation evolved into Holmes Protection Inc.  In 1858 Perry Brink founded Brink’s Inc. In 1891 the company became a carrier of payrolls. In 1917 after two of their employees were killed, the company looked to the armoured vehicle OTHER INDUSTRY PLAYERS   In 1909 William J. Burns, a former secret service investigator and head of the Bureau of Investigation (forerunner of the FBI) started the William J. Burns Detective Agency  Pinkerton’s and Burns were the only national investigative agencies concerned with non-specialized crimes in the country until the advent of the FBI in 1924  WWI brought added concern for security because of a fear of sabotage and espionage. Private security and investigative forces, were used to protect war industries and the docks against destruction by saboteurs OTHER INDUSTRY PLAYERS   The depression of the late 1920’s and the 1930’s changed the way business was done. People were given the right to organize unions without coercion from employers and gone was the “slugging detective” of old  WWII was a significant catalyst in the growth of private security. Defence contractors were forced to implement strict security measures to protect their factories  After WWII private security expanded to include all areas of society OTHER INDUSTRY PLAYERS   In 1854 George R. Wackenhut and three other former FBI agents formed the Wackenhut Corporation as a private investigation and contract security firm. Wackenhut operates in Canada, United States & worldwide today.  The Private Investigator’s work over the last 70 years is a direct connection to the laws and requirements of society  In the 30’s, 40’s, and 50’s marital inquiries became an important part of the industry and many saw that as the defining work for the PI’s OTHER INDUSTRY PLAYERS   In the 1960’s inquiries such as insurance, industrial espionage, patent and trademarks infringement were introduced into the investigator’s work  The Hallcrest Report of 1990 predicted that private security (particularly private investigators) would see an increase in the need for their services as issues of computer crime, fraud and commercial crime etc. increase  Technology then began to play a much more significant role in the industry OTHER INDUSTRY PLAYERS CHANGES   September 11th unfortunately has brought increased need for the services and investigators and security personnel. Issues of Due Diligence, Asset Protection and Technology Crime have come into the forefront as well  In Ontario a new Act was passed in December of 2005. The Private Security and Investigative Services Act was brought into being to adjust to new realities of the industry.  This Act was enacted on August 23rd, 2007. The Act was phased in over several years and includes requirements for training of Security Personnel and Private Investigators prior to licensing by the Ministry of The Solicitor General of Ontario. OTHER INDUSTRY PLAYERS