T1 Phys - Topic 12 - Reproductive System - Apr 2020 PDF

Module #12 – The Reproductive System gynecology: a specialized branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system urology: male and female urinary systems and male reproductive system gamete: germ cells (sperm in males, egg in females) that co...

Module #12 – The Reproductive System gynecology: a specialized branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system urology: male and female urinary systems and male reproductive system gamete: germ cells (sperm in males, egg in females) that combine to form the offspring embryo: the developing organism from fertilization to the end of 8 weeks fetus: the developing organism (in utero) from 9 weeks to birth The Male Reproductive System scrotum: a sac of loose skin and CT that supports the testes – contains muscles that contract in response to cold to elevate the testes (or relax to lower them) testes: site of sperm production – within the testes are cells that produce testosterone epididymis: a temporary storage site for immature sperm – it covers the posterior and superior testis ductus deferens (vas deferens): the tube that sperm travel through – it runs from epididymis into the pelvic cavity, over and behind the bladder to the urethra seminal vesicles: located at the base of the bladder, they produce seminal fluid which nourishes sperm prostate: normally about the size of a golf ball, it encircles the urethra just below the bladder – it functions to secrete fluid into the urethra that supports sperm function bulbourethral glands: below the prostate, they secrete mucous to lubricate the urethra and an alkaline fluid to neutralize acids from urine in the urethra urethra: transports sperm (and urine) to the exterior p.250 The Female Reproductive System ovaries: on either side of the uterus, they produce eggs and hormones – ligaments hold them in place fallopian (uterine) tubes: extending laterally from the uterus, they receive the ovum and provide a site for fertilization they don’t connect to the ovary – they connect to the superior uterus – ligaments hold them in place peristalsis and the movement of the cilia transport the ovum to the uterus uterus: in the pelvis between the bladder and the rectum it receives, retains and nourishes the fertilized egg supported by ligaments (broad ligament, round ligament anteriorly, uterosacral ligament posteriorly) the thick wall of the uterus has 3 layers – the inner layer is the endometrium which is the site of implantation of the embryo – without pregnancy, it sloughs off as part of the menstrual cycle p.251 Mammary Glands located in breast tissue superficial to pectoralis major and serratus anterior and are attached to them by a layer of deep CT supported by Cooper’s ligaments which anchor skin to the deep CT modified sudoriferous glands, they function to produce milk lactation: the synthesis and ejection of milk production is controlled by __________________ ejection is controlled by _____________________ female sex hormones (primarily estrogens) increase mammary gland size at puberty present in males and females but only functional in females p.252