The Urinary System: Structure and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in regulating the volume and composition of body fluids?

  • Eliminating water to increase blood pressure
  • Reabsorbing bicarbonate to regulate acid-base balance
  • Producing erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production
  • Regulating the excretion of water and NaCl (correct)

    • What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?

  • To control the flow of urine from the urethra to the exterior
  • To control the flow of urine from the bladder to the urethra (correct)
  • To control the flow of blood to the kidneys
  • To control the flow of urine from the ureter to the bladder

    • What is the effect of increased blood volume on GFR?

  • It decreases GFR
  • It varies depending on the individual
  • It increases GFR (correct)
  • It has no effect on GFR

    • What is the name of the enzyme secreted by the kidneys that activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

    <p>Renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid called that enters the capsular space after being filtered through the capillary walls?

    <p>Glomerular filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance?

    <p>Excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit of the kidney?

    <p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ions does the urinary system regulate, among others?

    <p>Hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone released by the heart in response to atrial stretching that reduces glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the artificial cleansing of the blood?

    <p>Dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of blood vessel that leads to the peritubular capillaries?

    <p>Efferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased abdominal pressure on the urinary system?

    <p>Stress incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in blood pressure on glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>Increased GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which the body regulates glomerular filtration rate in response to changes in blood pressure?

    <p>Renal auto-regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>Decreased GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of angiotensin II on GFR?

    <p>It decreases GFR by constricting the afferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of resting cardiac output does the kidneys receive?

    <p>20-25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the scrotum?

    <p>To support the testes and regulate their temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of sperm production in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the prostate gland?

    <p>To secrete fluid that supports sperm function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the developing organism from fertilization to the end of 8 weeks?

    <p>Embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system?

    <p>Gynecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To temporarily store immature sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To receive the ovum and provide a site for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inner layer of the uterus wall responsible for?

    <p>The site of implantation of the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Cooper's ligaments in the female breast?

    <p>To anchor skin to the deep CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormones primarily increase mammary gland size at puberty?

    <p>Estrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the synthesis and ejection of milk production in the mammary glands?

    <p>Lactation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Between the bladder and the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ductus deferens in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To transport sperm from the epididymis to the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of testosterone production in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ligaments that hold the ovaries in place?

    <p>To hold the ovaries in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterus?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To nourish sperm with seminal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily controls the production and ejection of milk in the mammary glands?

    <p>Oxytocin and prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bulbourethral glands in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To secrete mucous to lubricate the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To regulate the temperature of the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the mammary glands in the female breast?

    <p>Superficial to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To receive, retain, and nourish the fertilized egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the male reproductive system?

    <p>Urology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glands are the mammary glands modified from?

    <p>Sudoriferous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What holds the ovaries in place?

    <p>Ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of fertilization of the ovum?

    <p>Fallopian tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the mammary glands located in?

    <p>Superficial to the serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the uterosacral ligaments support?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the mammary glands modified from?

    <p>Sudoriferous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inner layer of the uterus wall responsible for?

    <p>Implantation of the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To temporarily store immature sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To support the testes and regulate their temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland secretes fluid into the urethra that supports sperm function?

    <p>Prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the developing organism from 9 weeks to birth?

    <p>Fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the male reproductive system transports sperm and urine to the exterior?

    <p>Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the male reproductive system?

    <p>Urology</p> Signup and view all the answers

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