System-integration-architecture1.pdf

SYSTEM INTEGRATION ARCHITECTURE1  01. requirements elicitation DESCRIPTION 02. requirements modeling 03. COURSE project management 04. project development methodologies 05. software and h...

SYSTEM INTEGRATION ARCHITECTURE1  01. requirements elicitation DESCRIPTION 02. requirements modeling 03. COURSE project management 04. project development methodologies 05. software and hardware acquisition MODELLING REQUIREMENT According to study.com., it identifies the requirements that a software application or system must meet in order to solve the business problem  DATA refers to raw facts and figures without context, like numbers, words, or symbols INFORMATION is what you get when data is processed, organized, or structured in a way that makes it meaningful. http://ishk.com/HumanJourney/FirstTechnologies TYPES OF INFORMATION Conceptual STIMULATORY Fire DESCRIPTIVE Empirical PROCEDURAL POLICY http://ishk.com/HumanJourney/FirstTechnologies  Conceptual Information refers to information that relates to abstract or theoretical ideas, concepts, or principles. Examples of conceptual information may include theories of psychology, philosophical concepts such as justice or morality, or mathematical concepts such as calculus or probability theory.  Empirical Information derived from observation, experimentation, or direct experience Examples of empirical information may include the results of a clinical trial, data on the effects of climate change, or observations of animal behavior.  Stimulatory Information refers to information intended to provoke or stimulate a reaction or response from the audience. Examples of stimulatory information may include provocative advertisements, political campaigns that use emotionally charged slogans, or motivational speeches that inspire people to take action.  Policy Information Refers to information that pertains to government policies, laws, regulations, and guidelines that affect individuals, organizations, and society as a whole. xamples of policy information may include reports on the impact of environmental regulations, data on the effectiveness of public health interventions, or analyses of the economic effects of tax policies.  Descriptive Information refers to information that describes a particular object, person, event, or situation in detail Examples of descriptive information may include product descriptions in e-commerce, eyewitness accounts of a crime or accident, or detailed reports of historical events or cultural phenomena  CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION Public data: This type of data is freely accessible to the public (i.e. all employees/company personnel). It can be freely used, reused, and redistributed without repercussions. An example might be first and last names, job descriptions, or press releases. Internal-only data: This type of data is strictly accessible to internal company personnel or internal employees who are granted access. This might include internal-only memos or other communications, business plans, etc. http://ishk.com/HumanJourney/FirstTechnologies  CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION Confidential data: Access to confidential data requires specific authorization and/or clearance. Types of confidential data might include Social Security numbers, cardholder data, and more Restricted data: restricted data includes data that if compromised or accessed without authorization, which could lead to criminal charges and massive legal fines or cause irreparable damage to the company. http://ishk.com/HumanJourney/FirstTechnologies  Characteristics of Useful Information Completeness Information should be complete in a sense. Complete information enables managers to make better decisions. Cost-Effective It is one of the important features of information. It refers to the cost involved in the collection of information. The cost of collection should be within the decided set limit.  Accuracy The information collected should be Characteristics reliable & correct. It should contain of Useful Information complete facts & figures. Wrong information may lead to wrong actions. Relevance Information should be relevant to the problem for which it is collected. It should be suitable for the problem for which it is collected. Relevant information is beneficial for managers in decision-making. It helps in better understanding of issues & easy solving.  Characteristics Easily Understood of Useful Information Information should be presented in an easy & and understood way. It should be understood by all. The simpleness & easiness of information is one of its best qualities. It helps in quick interpretation & and decision-making. Easy information saves time and enables fast actions.  Characteristics Timely of Useful Information Information should be available as & when required. If information is not available timely, it is of no use. It should be available at the right time to the right person. Information collected before time may become obsolete & become non-useful. The timing of the collection & presentation of information should be appropriate. It will enable the manager to take action at the right time.  COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS  Hardware COMPONENTS Hardware represents the physical components of an information system. Some can be seen or OF IS touched easily, while others reside inside a device that can only be seen by opening up the device's case.  DATA COMPONENTS data is a collection of discrete or continuous values that convey information, OF IS describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted formally.  SOFTWARE COMPONENTS Software is a set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do. Software is not tangible – it cannot be touched. Programmers OF IS create software programs by following a specific process to enter a list of instructions that tell the hardware what to do. There are several categories of software, with the two main categories being operating- system and application software.  NETWORKING COMMUNICATION COMPONENTS Network communication, or internetworking, defines a set of protocols (that is, rules OF IS and standards) that allow application programs to talk with each other without regard to the hardware and operating systems where they are run. Internetworking allows application programs to communicate independently of their physical network connections.  PEOPLE People built computers for people to use. This means that there are many different categories in the development and management of information systems COMPONENTS to help organizations to create value and improve productivity, such as: OF IS Users: these are the people who actually use an IS to perform a job function or task. Examples include: a student uses a spreadsheet or a word processing software program. Technical Developers: these are the people who actually create the technologies used to build an information system. Examples include a computer chip engineer, a software programmer, and an application programmer.  PEOPLE People built computers for people to use. This means that there are many different categories in the development and management of information systems COMPONENTS to help organizations to create value and improve productivity, such as: OF IS Business Professionals: These are the CEOs, owners, managers, entrepreneurs, and employees who use IS to start or expand their business to perform their job functions such as accounting, marketing, sales, human resources, and support customers, among others. Examples include famous CEOs such as Jeff Bezos of Amazon, Steve Jobs of Apple, Bill Gates of Microsoft, and Marc Benioff of Salesforce.  PROCESS Information systems are becoming more and more integrated with organizational processes COMPONENTS to deliver value in revenue-generating and cost- saving activities that can give companies competitive advantages over their competitors. OF IS Specialized standards or processes such as “business process reengineering,” “business process management,” “enterprise resource planning,” and “customer relationship management” all have to do with the continued improvement of these business procedures and the integration of technology with them to improve internal efficiencies and to gain a deeper understanding of customers’ needs.  PROCESS A business process is a series of steps undertaken to achieve a desired outcome or goal COMPONENTS Businesses have to continually innovate to either create more revenues through new products and services that fulfill customers’ needs or to find cost-saving opportunities in the ways they run their companies. OF IS Simply automating activities using technology is not enough. Information systems are becoming more and more integrated with organizational processes to deliver value in revenue- generating and cost-saving activities that can give companies competitive advantages over their competitors. Specialized standards or processes such as “business process reengineering,” “business process management,” “enterprise resource planning,” and “customer relationship management” all have to do with the continued improvement of these business procedures and the integration of technology with them to improve internal efficiencies and to gain a deeper understanding of customers’ needs.  TYPES OF SYSTEM INFOMATION Low Transaction Decision Support Senior level Processing Systems Managers workers Systems Middle Executive Management Executives Information Managers Information Systems Systems http://ishk.com/HumanJourney/FirstTechnologies  TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (LOW-LEVEL WORKERS) basic level Foundation of information  MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM MIDDLE MANAGERS merging organizing sorting  A MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED A SIGNIFICANT APPLICATION THAT HELPS MANAGERS IMMENSELY. HERE ARE SOME OF THE ADVANTAGES OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM: It enhances the efficiency and productivity of the company It provides a clear picture of the organization’s performance It adds value to the existing products, introduces innovation, and improves product development It assists in communication and planning for business processes It helps the organization provide a competitive advantage DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM SENIOR MANAGERS "what if" taking the data projecting solutions  EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM EXECUTIVES compare overview projecting solutions  EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM EXECUTIVES compare overview projecting solutions