Seamanship 4 Cargo Handling and Safety PDF

SEAMANSHIP 4 Lyceum International Maritime Academy Capt. Carlos L. Aguado MPA/MAMET Facilitator / Assessor Lyceum International Maritime Academy Cargo Handling and Stowage (Dangerous Goods and Inspections)  Lyceum International Maritime Academy ST...

SEAMANSHIP 4 Lyceum International Maritime Academy Capt. Carlos L. Aguado MPA/MAMET Facilitator / Assessor Lyceum International Maritime Academy Cargo Handling and Stowage (Dangerous Goods and Inspections)  Lyceum International Maritime Academy STCW Table A-II/1 Specification of minimum standard of competence for officers in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 500 gross tonnage or more Lyceum International Maritime Academy STCW Table A-II/1 Function 2: Cargo handling and stowage at the operational level  Lyceum International Maritime Academy Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, you should be able to: LO1.1. Explain the use of different cargo handling equipment and the safety of cargo and crew onboard. Topic 1. Introduction, House Rules, Rules, and Regulations, Course Introduction, Cargo Handling and Safety  Lyceum International Maritime Academy House Rules and LIMA’s Rules and Regulations 1. Duty prior entering the room. 2. Cadets uniforms 3. Seating Arrangement 4. Policy during Examinations 5. Use of Mobile Phones 6. Absences  Lyceum International Maritime Academy Course Introduction This course cover the cargo protection, container cargo, deep tank cargo, dangerous cargo, dangerous, hazardous and harmful cargoes, bulk cargo and cargo handling, safety and care of cargo during voyages Lyceum International Maritime Academy TOPIC 1 Cargo Handling and Safety  Lyceum International Maritime Academy Cargo handling equipment is crucial for the safe and efficient loading, unloading, and transfer of cargo on ships. The type of equipment used depends on the nature of the cargo, the type of vessel, and the specific operational requirements.  Different types of cargo handling equipment, their uses, and associated safety considerations for both cargo and crew onboard: 1. Cranes and Derricks Use: Cranes and derricks are commonly used on general cargo ships, container ships, and bulk carriers to lift and move cargo between the ship and the dock. Lyceum International Maritime Academy Safety Considerations: Ensure proper load distribution and avoid overloading to prevent tipping or structural damage. Regular maintenance and inspection to prevent mechanical failures. Provide adequate training to operators to avoid accidents, such as dropped loads. Implement safety barriers and no-go zones to protect crew from swinging loads. Critical Safety Measures : 1. Understanding Derrick/Crane operations - A brief overview of derrick/crane functions and potential hazards. 2. Pre-operational check – Emphasize the importance of thorough inspections including structural integrity, rigging equipment and load capacity assessment. 3. Operator training and certification- Highlight the significance of qualified operators with in-depth knowledge of derrick and crane operations and safety protocols. 4. Work site safety – discuss at tool box meeting the creation of safe working environment including clear communications, designed work areas and emergency procedures. Safety Considerations: 5. Load handling and lifting techniques- explain proper load distribution, attachments and lifting procedures to avoid accidents. 6. Weather conditions – Address the impact of weather to the derrick and crane operations and importance of suspending work in hazardous conditions. 7. Emergency Preparedness- Outline emergency response plan including evacuation procedures and first aid. 8. Regular maintenance _ Emphasize the need for scheduled regular maintenance and inspection to ensure reliability and safety.  Lyceum International Maritime Academy 2. Conveyor Systems Use: Conveyor systems are used on bulk carriers for the continuous movement of bulk cargo, such as coal, grain, or ore, to and from the ship’s holds. Lyceum International Maritime Academy Key Components of Conveyors Conveyor belt – The main components that transfer cargo. They are made of rubber and other durable materials to withstand the weight and abrasion of cargo. Idlers – Support the conveyor belt and allow it to rotate smoothly. Drive pulley- Power component that move the conveyor belt. Loaders and unloaders –Device that transfer the cargo onto and off the conveyor belt. Elevators – Lift the cargo onto desired height. How does conveyor system Works? 1. Loading Cargo is typically brought to ship’s side by trucks or trains. Large mobile conveyor are positioned alongside the ship. The cargo was transferred from shore based conveyors to ships conveyors or directly to cargo hatches. These conveyors lift the cargo to the required height and distributed it evenly across the ship’s hold. How does conveyor system works? 2. Unloading – There are two ways A) Shore based unloading Cranes or grab buckets are used to load the cargo onto the conveyors. The conveyors transport the cargo away from the ship. B) Self unloading - Modern bulk carriers often have built in conveyor system. Gravity feeds the cargo from the holds at the bottom of the ship. These conveyor lift the cargo to the deck level and transfer it to discharge boom conveyors. The cargo will then discharge to shore through the discharge boom. Safety Considerations: Ensure that conveyor belts are properly aligned and maintained to avoid spillage and accidents. Install emergency stop mechanisms accessible along the conveyor system. Regularly check for wear and tear, particularly on belts and pulleys. Provide dust control systems to minimize the risk of explosion in case of combustible cargoes. Lyceum International Maritime Academy  Lyceum International Maritime Academy 3. Pumps (for liquid cargo) Use: Pumps are used on tanker vessels to transfer liquid cargoes, such as oil, chemicals, or liquefied gases, to and from shore facilities. Lyceum International Maritime Academy Lyceum International Maritime Academy Lyceum International Maritime Academy Types of pumps for Liquid Cargoes. The choice of pumps for liquid cargo depends on several factors including the type of liquid, flow rate, pressure requirement, viscosity and corrosive properties. Here are the primary types : 1. Non Positive displacement type – A) Centrifugal pumps Most common type due to their simplicity, reliability and high flow rates. Suitable for low to medium viscosity liquid. B) Axial flow Pumps Designed for high flow rates and low head pressure. Commonly used in large tankers for transferring heavy grades liquid. 2. Positive Displacement Pumps High pressure and precise flow artes Used for viscous liquid and high value products. Common in chemical tankers A) Screw Pumps High efficiency and smooth flow Suitable for viscous liquid and slurries Used in Oil and chemical tankers. B) Gear Pumps Positive displacement with high pressure capabilities Suitable for viscous liquids and high pressure applications. Used in chemical tankers and for transferring heavy oil. C) Eductors – Use a kinetic energy of high velocity fluid to create a vacuum and lift another liquid. Primary use for cargo transfer of smaller vessel. D) Paristaltic Pumps – Use flexible tube to pump liquid by squeezing. Suitable for sensitive liquids and those prone to shear. Used in food and pharmaceutical industries but less common in bulk liquid. Safety Considerations: Ensure that pumps are suitable for the specific type of cargo, especially regarding material compatibility. Implement proper venting and inerting procedures to prevent explosive atmospheres. Regular maintenance to prevent leaks, which could lead to fire or environmental hazards. Monitor flow rates and pressures to avoid pipe ruptures.  Lyceum International Maritime Academy 4. Winches and Capstans Use: Winches and capstans are used for handling mooring lines, anchoring, and sometimes cargo handling operations. Lyceum International Maritime Academy Winches Lyceum International Maritime Academy Capstan Safety Considerations: Ensure load limits are not exceeded to prevent line snaps, which can cause severe injuries. Regular inspection and maintenance to avoid mechanical failures. Provide proper training to crew members on the operation and dangers of winch and capstan systems. Implement emergency stop features to quickly halt operations in case of a malfunction.  Lyceum International Maritime Academy 5. Forklifts and Pallet Jacks Use: Forklifts and pallet jacks are used primarily on roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) vessels and within cargo holds for moving palletized cargo or containers. Lyceum International Maritime Academy Forklifts Lyceum International Maritime Academy Forklifts Lyceum International Maritime Academy Pallet Jacks Lyceum International Maritime Academy Pallet Jacks Safety Considerations: Ensure operators are trained and certified to handle the equipment. Implement load balance procedures to prevent tipping over. Regularly inspect and maintain equipment to ensure it is in good working order. Use proper securing techniques to prevent cargo from shifting during transit.  Lyceum International Maritime Academy 6. Cargo Nets and Slings Use: Cargo nets and slings are used to handle irregular or heavy loads that cannot be managed by standard equipment, often in conjunction with cranes or derricks. Cargo Nets Slings Slings Safety Considerations: Use appropriately rated nets and slings for the weight and type of cargo. Ensure that the cargo is securely fastened within the net or sling to prevent load shifts. Regularly inspect slings and nets for wear and tear. Avoid overloading and uneven weight distribution.  Lyceum International Maritime Academy 7. Automated Systems Use: Automated systems, including automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and robotic arms, are increasingly used in modern terminals and on some ships for high- efficiency cargo handling. Lyceum International Maritime Academy Safety Considerations: Implement and maintain safety protocols, including emergency shutdown systems. Regularly update software to ensure reliable operations. Train crew on how to safely interact with automated systems and respond to malfunctions. Monitor for system faults or potential hazards and establish clear communication protocols.  General Safety Considerations for Cargo and Crew: Training: Regular and comprehensive training for all crew members involved in cargo operations is essential to ensure they are aware of the potential hazards and how to mitigate them.  Communication: Clear communication between the bridge, cargo handling team, and shore- based personnel is vital to coordinate operations and respond to any emergencies. Emergency Procedures: Implement and regularly drill emergency procedures, including fire, spill, and equipment failure scenarios. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Ensure all crew members wear appropriate PPE, such as helmets, gloves, safety shoes, and high-visibility clothing, during cargo operations. Securing Cargo: Proper securing and lashing of cargo to prevent movement during transit are crucial to avoid accidents or damage to the cargo and ship. By following these guidelines and ensuring the proper use of cargo handling equipment, the safety of both the cargo and crew onboard can be significantly enhanced. Lyceum International Maritime Academy - END -