Software_EDIT.pptx.pdf

SOFTWARE by: ROBERT M. ROBLES JR, MCGA  Why Learn About Software? Software is indispensable for any computer system Systems software needed for input, calculations, and output Application software aids in productivity Personal tasks using software – Income tax preparation...

SOFTWARE by: ROBERT M. ROBLES JR, MCGA  Why Learn About Software? Software is indispensable for any computer system Systems software needed for input, calculations, and output Application software aids in productivity Personal tasks using software – Income tax preparation – Keeping a budget – Internet research – Games 2  Software a generic term for organized collections of computer data and instructions, often broken into three major categories: – system software that provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer, and – application software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks. – Programming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs and software using different programming Principles languages in a more convenient way of Information Systems, Eighth 3 Edition  Systems Software Systems software: coordinates the activities and functions of hardware and programs Computer system platform: combination of a hardware configuration and systems software Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 4 Edition  Systems Software helps run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes combination of the following: – device drivers – operating systems – servers – utilities – windowing systems Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 5 Edition  Application Software Application software: helps users solve particular problems In most cases, application software resides on the computer’s hard disk Application software can also be stored on CDs, DVDs, and flash or keychain storage devices Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 6 Edition  Application Software allows end users to accomplish one or more specific (not directly computer development related) tasks. Typical applications include: – industrial automation – business software – computer games – telecommunications (i.e., the internet and everything that flows on it) – databases – educational software (coursera.org) – medical software Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 7 Edition  Programming Software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs, and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include: – compilers – debuggers – interpreters – linkers – text editors Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 8 Edition  Integrated Development Environment (IDE) An Integrated development environment (IDE) is a single application that attempts to manage all these functions. Examples: – C-Free - devcpp – Turbo C - pelles-c – Visual Studio Express Edition - codeblocks – Netbeans – J-Creator – Xamarin – Eclipse Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 9  Software Variants Retail software: This type of software is sold off the shelves of retail stores. It includes expensive packaging designed to catch the eye of shoppers and, as such, is generally more expensive. An advantage of retail software is that it comes with printed manuals and installation instructions. Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 10 Edition  Software Variants OEM software: OEM stands for "Original Equipment Manufacturer" and refers to software sold in bulk to resellers, designed to be bundled with hardware. For example, Microsoft has contracts with various companies including Dell Computers, Toshiba, Gateway and others. Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 11 Edition  Software Variants Shareware: This software is downloadable from the Internet. Licenses differ, but commonly the user is allowed to try the program for free, for a period stipulated in the license, usually thirty days. Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 12 Edition  Software Variants Crippleware: This software is similar to shareware except that key features will cease to work after the trial period has ended. For example, the "save" function, the print function, or some other vital feature necessary to use the program effectively may become unusable. This "cripples" the program. A purchase is necessary to unlock the crippled features. Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 13 Edition  Software Variants Demo software: Demo software is not intended to be a functioning program, though it may allow partial functioning. It is mainly designed to demonstrate what a purchased version is capable of doing, and often works more like an automated tutorial. If a person wants to use the program, they must buy a fully functioning version. Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 14 Edition  Software Variants Adware: This is free software that is supported by advertisements built into the program itself. Some adware requires a live Internet feed and uses constant bandwidth to upload new advertisements. Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 15 Edition  Software Variants Spyware: Spyware software is normally free, but can be shareware. It clandestinely "phones home" and sends data back to the creator of the spyware, most often without the user's knowledge. Malware – malicious software Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 16 Edition  Software Variants Freeware: Freeware is also downloadable off the Internet and free of charge. Often freeware is only free for personal use, while commercial use requires a paid license. Freeware does not contain spyware or adware. Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 17 Edition  Software Variants Public domain software: This is free software, but unlike freeware, public domain software does not have a specific copyright owner or license restrictions. It is the only software that can be legally modified by the user for his or her own purposes. Example: Linux Operating System Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 18 Edition  Systems Software Systems software – Controls operations of computer hardware – Supports application programs’ problem-solving capabilities Types of systems software – Operating systems – Utility programs Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 19 Edition  Operating Systems Operating system (OS): set of programs that controls the computer hardware and acts as an interface with application programs Kernel: ties all components of the OS together and regulates other programs Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 20 Edition  Operating Systems (continued) Various combinations of OSs, computers, and users – Single computer with a single user – Single computer with multiple users – Multiple computers – Special-purpose computers Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 21 Edition Operating Systems (continued) The role of Systems Software –interface between users, application software and hardware Figure 4.4: The Role of Systems Software Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 22 Edition  Operating Systems Functions 1. User interface and input/output management – User interface: allows individuals to access and command the computer system – Command-based user interface: requires that text commands be given to the computer to perform basic activities – Graphical user interface (GUI): uses icons and menus displayed on screen to send commands to the computer system Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 23 Edition  Operating Systems Functions (continued) 2. Hardware independence – Application program interface (API): allows applications to make use of the operating system 3. Memory management – Control how memory is accessed and maximize available memory and storage Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 24 Edition  Operating Systems (continued) 4. Processing tasks – Multitasking: more than one program can run at the same time – Time-sharing: allows more than one person to use a computer system at the same time – Scalability: ability of the computer to handle an increasing number of concurrent users smoothly 5. Networking capability – Features and capabilities of the OS that aid users in connecting to a computer network Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 25 Edition  Operating Systems (continued) 6. Access to system resources and security – Protection against unauthorized access – Logins and passwords 7. File management – Ensures that files in secondary storage are available when needed and that they are protected from access by unauthorized users Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 26 Edition  Operating Systems Table 4.2: Popular Operating Systems Cross All Three Spheres of Influence Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 27 Edition Current Operating Systems (continued) Microsoft PC operating systems – PC-DOS and MS-DOS: early, command-driven OSs – Windows XP: greatly improved stability and security over previous versions of Windows – Windows XP Professional X64: for computers with newer 64-bit capabilities – Windows XP Media Center Edition: incorporates additional multimedia features – Vista – Windows 7 – Windows 8 – Windows 10: Commonly used today Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 28 Edition Current Operating Systems (continued) Apple operating systems – Often provide cutting edge tools in graphics and music not available from Microsoft – Mac OS X Jaguar (OS X.2) Panther (OS X.3) Tiger (OS X.4): support for 64-bit computing, Dashboard, Spotlight, etc. Leopard (OS X.5) Mountain Lion (OS X.8) Mavericks (OS X.9) Yosemite (OS X.10) Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 29 Edition Current Operating Systems (continued) Linux – Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 – Open-source product – Only the kernel of an OS – Several distributions available with capabilities/applications that form a complete OS Examples: Red Hat Linux, Caldera OpenLinux Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 30 Edition  Workgroup Operating Systems Windows Server UNIX NetWare Red Hat Linux Mac OS X Server Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 31 Edition  Enterprise Operating Systems z/OS MPE/iX HP-UX Linux Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 32 Edition  Operating Systems for Small Computers, Embedded Computers, Special-Purpose Devices, and Mobile Phones Palm OS Windows Embedded Windows Mobile RIM/Blackberry iOS Windows 8 Android Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 33 Edition  Utility Programs Help to perform maintenance or correct problems with a computer sistem Common types of utility programs: – Hardware utilities – Virus-detection and recovery utilities – File-compression utilities – Spam and pop-up blocker utilities Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 34 Edition  Utility Programs (continued) Network and Internet utilities Server and mainframe utilities Other utilities – Manages and protects corporate documents – Helps people with visual disabilities use the Internet – Monitors employees – Searches for files and documents Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 35 Edition  Application Software Primary function is to apply the power of the computer to give individuals, workgroups, and the entire enterprise the ability to solve problems and perform specific tasks Application programs interact with systems software; systems software then directs computer hardware to perform the necessary tasks Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 36 Edition  Overview of Application Software Proprietary software: one-of-a-kind program for a specific application, usually developed and owned by a single company Off-the-shelf software: existing software program that is purchased Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 37 Edition Overview of Application Software (continued) Figure 4.13: Types of Application Software Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 38 Edition  Personal Application Software Serves the needs of an individual user Includes personal productivity software – Enables users to improve their personal effectiveness Principles of Information Systems, Eighth 39 Edition