Socio Vocabulary PDF

**Area of Study 1: Australian Indigenous Cultures** 1. **Culture**: The shared values, norms, and symbols of a group. 2. **Material Culture**: Physical objects created by a society (e.g., artifacts, tools). 3. **Non-Material Culture**: Ideas, values, and beliefs of a culture (e.g., cus...

**Area of Study 1: Australian Indigenous Cultures** 1. **Culture**: The shared values, norms, and symbols of a group. 2. **Material Culture**: Physical objects created by a society (e.g., artifacts, tools). 3. **Non-Material Culture**: Ideas, values, and beliefs of a culture (e.g., customs, language). 4. **Sociological Imagination**: Concept by Charles Wright Mills, linking personal experiences with broader social structures. 5. **Ethnocentrism**: Judging another culture based on the standards of one's own. 6. **Cultural Relativism**: Understanding a culture on its own terms without judgment. 7. **Historical Suppression**: The systemic efforts to diminish or eradicate a culture (e.g., policies of assimilation and segregation). 8. **Reconciliation**: Efforts to repair relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, including symbolic and practical measures. 9. **Symbolic Reconciliation**: Efforts like speeches or public acknowledgments aimed at healing relationships. 10. **Practical Reconciliation**: Actions like government funding programs (e.g., Closing the Gap). 11. **Public Misconceptions**: Misunderstandings about Australian Indigenous cultures, such as the notion of a single homogeneous Indigenous culture. **Area of Study 2: Ethnicity** 12. **Ethnicity**: Shared cultural heritage and identity based on common ancestry, traditions, or language. 13. **Race**: A category of people based on physical characteristics such as skin color or facial features. 14. **Othering**: The process of labeling a group as different or outside the norm of a dominant group, often leading to marginalization. 15. **Ethnic Hybridity**: Concept by Stuart Hall, referring to the blending of multiple cultural identities. 16. **Multiculturalism**: A policy or ideology that promotes the presence and acceptance of diverse ethnic groups within a society. 17. **Belonging and Inclusion**: Factors that contribute to individuals feeling part of a community, influenced by cultural practices, media representation, and political factors. 18. **Ethical Methodology**: A research approach that ensures the welfare, privacy, and consent of participants in studies. 19. **Voluntary Participation**: Ensuring that individuals freely choose to participate in research. 20. **Informed Consent**: Participants fully understanding the purpose and potential impacts of research before agreeing to take part. 21. **Confidentiality**: Keeping participants' data private and secure during and after research. 22. **Media Representations**: How ethnic groups are portrayed in media, which can impact public perceptions and experiences of belonging. **Area of Study 1: Community** 1. **Community**: A group of people who share social relationships through proximity, contact, or common interests. 2. **Ferdinand Tönnies**: Sociologist who developed theories on community, particularly **Gemeinschaft** (community) and **Gesellschaft** (society). 3. **Michel Maffesoli**: Sociologist known for his theory of **neo-tribes**, referring to fluid, temporary groupings based on shared interests. 4. **Sense of Belonging**: The feeling of being accepted and connected within a community. 5. **Information and Communications Technology (ICT)**: Technology that affects how communities communicate and interact. 6. **Economic Factors**: Financial influences that affect community experiences (e.g., employment rates, income levels). 7. **Social Factors**: Social influences, such as family structures and social norms, that impact community life. 8. **Political Factors**: Government policies and political decisions that shape community experiences. 9. **Geographical Characteristics**: Physical features (e.g., climate, proximity) that influence community structure and dynamics. 10. **Neo-Tribes**: Concept by Maffesoli suggesting modern communities are fluid and based on lifestyle choices. 11. **Ethical Methodology**: Research practices that ensure voluntary participation, informed consent, and privacy. 12. **Proximity**: Physical closeness that influences the strength of community relationships. **Area of Study 2: Social Movements and Social Change** 13. **Social Movement**: An organized effort by a group to promote or resist social change. 14. **Social Change**: Significant alteration in social structures and cultural patterns over time. 15. **Alternative Movements**: Social movements seeking limited change in individuals (e.g., lifestyle changes). 16. **Redemptive Movements**: Movements aiming for radical change in individuals (e.g., religious movements). 17. **Reformative Movements**: Movements seeking limited change for the entire society (e.g., civil rights movements). 18. **Revolutionary Movements**: Movements aiming for radical change across society (e.g., revolutions). 19. **Stages of Social Movements**: The lifecycle of movements---emergence, coalescence, bureaucratization, decline. 20. **Power**: The ability of individuals or groups to achieve goals, often categorized into forms such as **coercive**, **reward**, **referent**, **legitimate**, **expert**, and **informational power**. 21. **Erica Chenoweth**: Researcher who found that non-violent civil disobedience is more effective for achieving social change than violent methods. 22. **Civil Disobedience**: The refusal to comply with laws as a form of protest. 23. **Opposition**: Groups or individuals who resist the goals of social movements. 24. **Bureaucratization**: The stage where social movements develop formal structures to achieve their goals.