Sanskrit Shastra Parichaya Part-1 PDF
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This document is a part 1 of a Sanskrit Shastra Parichaya. It covers introductory Sanskrit grammar, introductions to Vedic studies, and includes descriptions of various Vedic texts and branches of study. The document is intended for undergraduate study of Sanskrit.
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ikBÔØefo"k;% & ifjp;kReda laLd`rO;kdj.ke~ ikBuke & laLd`r'kkL=kk.kka ifjp;ifjKkue~ ikBÔka'kuke& osnkÄõkuka ifjp;% ikBÔka'klÄ~[;k & W2M4T-1 ysf[kdk & izks-deykHkkj}kt% vkpk;kZ] O;kdj.kfoHkkx%] Jhykycgknqj'kkfL=kjkf"Vª;laLd`rfo|kihBe~] uonsgyh&110016 osnkÄõkuka ifjp;% laLÑrHkk"kk;ka 'kkL=...
ikBÔØefo"k;% & ifjp;kReda laLd`rO;kdj.ke~ ikBuke & laLd`r'kkL=kk.kka ifjp;ifjKkue~ ikBÔka'kuke& osnkÄõkuka ifjp;% ikBÔka'klÄ~[;k & W2M4T-1 ysf[kdk & izks-deykHkkj}kt% vkpk;kZ] O;kdj.kfoHkkx%] Jhykycgknqj'kkfL=kjkf"Vª;laLd`rfo|kihBe~] uonsgyh&110016 osnkÄõkuka ifjp;% laLÑrHkk"kk;ka 'kkL=k'kCn% 'kklq vuqf'k"VkS /krks% fu"iÂ%A vL;kFkksZ¿fLr vuq'kklue~ vFkok mins'k%A vuqxra 'kklua vuq'kklue~A vuqf'k";Urs 'kCnk¿fLefÂfr Hkk";dkjs.k Hkk";xzUFks mfYyf[kre~A vFkkZr~ fofo/'kkL=kk.kka vuq'kkluL; Hkkjrh;ijEijk iqjkdkyknso izfl¼kA 'kkL=kL; ifjHkk"kk & O;kidkFksZ fof'k"Vfo"k;su inkFkZlewgsu ok lEc¼% ;FkksfprØes.k lax`ghr% xzUFk% ,o 'kkL=keqP;rsA Hkkjrh;ijEijk;ka 'kkL=ks p =kk;rs pA f'k";rs¿ususfr bfr 'kkL=ke~A dL;kfi fo"k;L; fo|k;k%] dyk;k% ekSfydfl¼kUrk% fo"k;L; p fofo/k;kekuka lqfu;ksftra lw=kc¼a fu:i.ka 'kkL=kfeR;qP;rsA ;k f'k{kk vLekda ekxZn'kZua djksfr rr~ 'kkL=ke~A rs xzUFkk% 'kkL=keqP;Urs ;s yksddY;k.kkFk± vuq'kkluk; p jfprk%A 'kkL=ks"oqDrdk;kZf.k fo/s;:is.k izLrqrkfuA v=k vuqfprÑR;kuka Ñrs fu"ks/%A laLÑrHkk"kk;ke~ vukfndkyr ,o egrh 'kkL=kijEijk izofrZrkA oSfndlkfgR;'kkL=kknkjH; ykSfddlkfgR;'kkL=ki;ZUra fofo/'kkL=kk.kka iz.k;ua Ñra fo}f‰jkpk;SZ% okA oSfnd'kkL=kijEijk & loZizkphuk% loksZRÑ"Vk'p osnk% JqfrijEij;So lajf{krk%A JqfrLrq osnks foKs;%A Jo.kijEij;k laj{k.ksuSo Jqfrfo|kA Jqfr% fuxe%] NUn%] Lokè;k;% vknhfu osnL; ukekfuA ,rnfrfjDra czã.k% lr~&fpr~&vkuUn:ik.kka izfrikndRosukfi osn'kCnL;kFkZ% izfl¼%A fpjUrudkykn~ v|izHk`fr osnkuka rkn`'k ,o Lo:ia egrk rilk iz;klS'p vLekda 1 lk{kkRÑr/eZ½f"kfHk% lajf{kre~A osn'kCn% KkukFkZdfon~ /krks% ?k×kizR;;su fu"iÂk%A vFkkZr~ izkphu½f"kfHk% vftZr'ks"kKkuL; lÄïyuHkwrk% xzUFkk ,o osnk%A osn'kCn% oSfndxzUFks"kq izfrikfnrKkuokpdRokr~ lEiw.kZoSfndokÄ~e;L;kfi cks/d%A ½d~izkfr'kk[;s fon~ lÙkk;ka] Kkus] ykHks] fopkj.ks bR;srs"oFksZ"kq LohÑR; osnL;kFkZ% & fo|Urs Kk;Urs yH;Urs ,fHk/ZekZfniq#"kkFkZ% bfr osnk%A bR;qDr% vFkkZr~ ,rYy{k.kkuqlkja osnL;kFkZ% /eZ&vFkZ&dke&eks{kknhuka iq#"kkFkZprq"V;L; Kkua] izkfIr%] foospue~] vfLrRocks/'p osn%A euquk loZosne;h fo|k] loZKkue;ks osn% bR;fHkere~A b"VizkIR;efu"Vifjgkj;ks% vykSfddlk/ua ;ks osn;fr l% osn%A ,rÙkq loZekU;a rF;e~ vikS#"ks;k% osnk%A ;rks fg lk;.kkpk;sZ.kksDra ;r~ izR;{kkuqekusu ;n~ Kkua izkIrqa u 'kD;rs osnsuSo rL; izkfIr%A izR;{ks.kkuqfeR;k ok ;Lrwik;ks u fo|rsA ,ra fonfUr osnsu rLekr~ osnL; osnrkAA oLrqr% loZKKue;S% osnS% ekuoek=kL; dÙkZO;cks/k; funsZ'kk% izkI;UrsA oSfndKkuUrq eU=ks"oso vfHkO;Dre~A ,rs"kq eU=ks"kq rSjso ½f"kfHk% Loh;riks cysu n'kZua Ñra vr% rs eU=knz"Vkj% ½"k;% & lk{kkRÑr/ekZ; ½"k;ks cHkwoq%A Hkkjrh;ijEijk;ka osnkukeikS#"ks;Roa loZifl¼esoA Lor% vkfoHkwZrk% osnk% fuR;k%A oSfndokÄ~e;a f}/k foHkDrqa 'kD;rs & 1) osn 2) osnkÄõkfuA osnL;kfi f}fo/RoefHkere~ & 1) eU=k:i% 2) czkã.k:i'pA mDrefi & eU=kczkã.k;ksosZnuke/s;e~A eU=kczkã.ka lfEeY;so osnk% mP;UrsA lafgrkczkã.kk% osnokÄ~e;e~A vr ,o eU=kczkã.kkRed% 'kCnjkf'kosZn%A oSfndokÄ~e;efi prqfoZ/e~ & 1) lafgrk 2) czkã.k% 3) vkj.;de~ 4) mifu"kn~A 2 lafgrk & lE;d~ vFkok iwokZij:is.k lax`ghr% lkfgfR;d vFkok vkkjfu;elEc¼k lkexzh eU=kk.kka leqP;eso lafgrk lax`ghrlqlEikfnroSfndlkfgR;a lafgrksP;rsA Kku:is.k rq osn% ,d&,dija Lo:iHksnsu pRokj% osnk% & ½Xosn%] ;tqosZn%] lkeosn%] vFkoZosn%A ,rs"kq prq"kqZ osns"kq eU=klafgrk czkã.k&vkj.;d&mifu"kn~ bfr prq/kZ xzUFkk fo|UrsA ukukn'kZus"kq osnk% vikS#"ks;%] fuR;k%] Lor% izek.kHkwrk% vfHkerk%A fojkV~iq#"kknso osnkukeqRifÙk%A mDrefi ½Xosns & rLek|KkRloZgqr% ½p% lkekfu tfKjsA NUnkafl tfKjs rLek|tqLrLekntk;rAA ½Xosns LrqfrijdeU=kk.kka laxzg% fo|rsA ;tqosZns ;ktdh;kuka eU=kk.kka laxzg orZrsA lkeosns xk;uijdeU=kk.kka laxzg% vFkoZosns p fofo/fo?ukfo'kdkfHkpkfjdeU=kk.kka laxzg%A czkã.k:i% & czkã.kL;kFkZ% osnL; 'ks"kHkwrk% ;K;kxkfn fooj.k;qDrk%] izk;% x|kRedk% czkã.kxzUFkk orZUrsA eq[;r% czkã.kxzUFkkuka fo"k;% ;KlEiknue~A ;Kfof/jfi prqfoZ/% & d) mRifÙkfof/% [k) fofu;ksxfof/% x) vf/dkjfof/% ?k) iz;ksxfof/%A ½XosnL; ,srjs;czkã.ke~] 'kka[kk;uczkã.ke~] ;tqosZnL; 'kriFkczkã.ke~] rSfÙkjh;czkã.ke~] lkeosnL; vk"ksZ;czkã.ke~] lkefo/kuczkã.ke~] vFkoZosnL; xksiFkczkã.ke~ eq[;rek% czkã.kxzUFkk% orZUrsA vkj.;de~ & vj.;s ikB~;Rosu vL; xzUFkL; vkj.;dRoa izfl¼e~A ½Xosns ,srjs;kj.;de~] ;tqosZns c`gnkj.;de~] Ñ".k;tqosZns rSfÙkjh;kj.;de~ lkeosns & roydkjkj.;da izfl¼e~A mifu"kn~ & lkekU;r% mi $ fu $ ln~ /krks% mifu"kn~ 'kCnL; fu"ifÙk%A vFkkZr~ jgL;e;a Kkue~A vL;kFkZ% osnkUr'kCnsu vFkok ijkfo|kA osnkUrks uke mifu"kRizek.ke~] ;|fi 'krkf/dk% mifu"kRxzUFkk% iz.khrk% ija n'k ,o egÙoiw.kkZ%A bZ'k&dsu&dB&iz'u&eq.M&e.MwD;&frfÙkj%A ,srjs;a p NkUnksX;a c`gnkj.;da n'kAA 3 czkã.kkuka Hkkx=k;a fo|rs & czkã.ke~] vkj.;de~] mifu"kn~A vUrHkkZo'p mifu"kRlq Hkofr izfrik|fo"k;n`"VÔk 1) deZdk.Me~ 2) Kkudk.Me~ f}/k foHkDra oSfndokÄ~e;e~A v=k Kkudk.Meqifu"kRxzUFkk%A izkfr'kk[;xzUFkk% & 'kk[k;k lEc¼% xzUFk% izkfr'kk[;xzUFkk% fo|UrsA inizÑrkfu izkfr'kk[;kfuA izkfr'kk[;s"kq f'k{kk&O;kdj.k&NUnlka fu;ekuka foospua izLrqre~A izR;sdfof'k"V'kk[kk;k% fof'k"Vfu;ek% izfrikfnrk%A lafgrkHksnsu 'kk[kkHksnsu ok fu;ek% fofHkÂk% lfUrA ;Fkk & ½d~&oktlusf;&rSfÙkjh;&lkeosnh;&vFkoZosnh;izkfr'kk[;e~A osnkukeè;;ueko';de~A mDrefi Hkk";dkjs.k czkã.ksu fu"dkj.kks "kMÄõks osnks Ks;ks¿è;s;'pA osnkÄõkfu & vÄ~X;Urs Kk;Urs ,fHkfjfr vÄõkfuA osnkuka j{k.kkFk± osnkÄõkuke~ vko';drk izfrikfnrk Hkk";dkjs.kA osnj{kk;S "kMÄõkfu f'k{kk&dYi&O;kdj.k&T;ksfr"k&fu#Dr&NUn%A NUn% iknkS rq osnL; gLrkS dYiks¿Fk iB~;rsA T;ksfr"kke;ua p{kqfuZ#Dra Jks=keqP;rsAA f'k{kk ?kzk.ka rq osnL; eq[ka O;kdj.ka Le`re~A rLekRlkÄõe/hR;So czãyksda egh;rsAA vfrizkphudkySo ½f"kfHk% osnSLlg osnkÄõkU;fi iz.khrkfuA vÄõa midkjda rÙoa orZrs ;su Lo:icks/ks tk;rsA osnkuka iw.kZr% Kkuk; osnkÄõkfu ijelgk;dkfu 'kkL=kkf.k orZUrsA ;rks fg ikS#"ks;k% xzUFkk% ,rs vr% JqfrlkfgR;a ,rs"kka leUo;% u fØ;rsA f'k{kk & f'k{kk'kCnL; O;qRifÙkjfLr f'k{k;fr ;k lk f'k{kkA osnkuka Lojo.kkZnhuka 'kq¼ksPpkj.kizdkjks ;=k f'k{k;rs lk f'k{kkA osneU=kk.kka iBuikBuL; ;Fkksfpr:is.k p mPpkj.kL; f'k{kk¿usu izkI;rsA fofHkÂkpk;SZ% ½f"kfHkokZ iz.khrk% xzUFkk% ;Fkk Hkkj}kth;k f'k{kk] ikf.kuh;f'k{kk] pkUnzf'k{kk] ;kKoYD;f'k{kk] dkR;k;uh;f'k{kkn;%A ikf.kuh;f'k{kk Hkkjrh;ijEijk;ka lokZf/dizekf.kdh eU;rsA v=k LojO;×tua f}fo/% o.kZ%A 4 ßLonh?kZIyqrkn;% LojksPpkj.kL; =k;% Hksnk%A mnkÙkkuqnkÙkLofjrkn;ks¿fi LojksPpkj.kL; Hksnk%A ftßk&d.B&rkyq&ew/kZ&nUrkn;% v"VksPpkj.kLFkkukfuA f'k{kkxzUFkkukeqís';a osneU=kk.kka ;FkkfLFkfr% fo'kq¼ksPpkj.kesoA f'k{kkxzUFkkukeqn~Hko% fodkl'p oSfndeU=kk.kka 'kq¼ksPpkj.k rn~ }kjk p osnj{kk;S ,o tkr%A vL; jpukdky% 1000 bZlkiwoZr% 500 bZ- iwoZ eU;rsA xzUFkk% ,rs o.kksZPpkj.kf'k{kk vfi oDrqa 'kD;rsA dYi% & osnkÄõs"kq dYi'kkL=kL; f}rh;a LFkkua fo|rsA osnL; glrkS p eU;rsA czkã.kxzUFkkuka jpuk ;kfKddeZdk.Mk;] laLdkjk.kka Ñrs pklhr~A ;kfKdfof/fo/kuk;] osnfofgrkuka deZ.kke~ vkuqiwO;sZ.k O;oLFkk'kkL=ka dYi%A lw=k'kSY;keso jfprk% ,rsA izFker% dYilw=kk.kka 1) JkSrlw=kkf.k 2) Le`frlw=kkf.k p f}fo/Roa izfrikfnre~A JkSrlw=kkf.k JqR;qDr;kxfof/izdk'kdkfuA JkSrlw=ks"kq ;Kkuka fof/fo/kua lw=k:is.k fu:fire~A LekrZlw=ks"kq xz`álw=kkf.k] /eZlw=kkf.k 'kwYclw=kkf.k p prqfoZ/Roe~A Hkkjrh;ijEijk;ke~ vkJeO;oLFkk;ka x`gLFkkJeL; egÙoa loZ=k izfrikfnre~A x`álw=ks"kq laLdkjk.kka fo/kua foLrjs.k izLrqre~A fookgi¼frjfi r=kSo fu:firkA /eZlw=kkf.k & /eZlw=ks"kq izk;% /kfeZdfu;ek%] iztkuka jkKk×p drZO;kfuA JqfrLe`R;uqlkja o.kkZJekuqxra vkpj.keso /eZ% & JqfrLe`frH;ka fofgrks o.kkZJekRed%A f'k"Vkpkjfo#¼'p l /eZ% lk/q#P;rsA v=k vkpj.kfunsZ'kkfrfjDra n.Mfo/kua] izk;f'pÙkksÙkjkf/dknhuka lkekftdk%] U;kf;dk%] fo"k;k'p izfrikfnrk%A 'kqYclw=ks"kq ;KosnhfuekZ.kizdkj% fufnZ"V%A x`álw=ks"kq vk'oyk;u&ikjLdjx`álw=kkf.k izeq[klw=kkf.kA T;ksfr"ke~ & T;ksfr"kke;ua p{kq%] T;ksfr"k% osnL; us=kLFkkuh;e~A osnkÄõs"kq pkU;re%A ;kfKdkuq"Bkus"kq u{k=k] i{k] dky] frfFk] dj.kknhuka cgqoSf'k"VÔefLrA rnuqlkjeso ;Kfo/kuL; x.kuk drq± 'kD;rsA yksdO;ogjk;So egknsosu u{k=kk.kka LFkkiua fofgre~A lw;ZpUnzekfnxzgk.kka cks/d'kkL=ka T;ksfr"ke~A 'kkL=kL;ksRifÙk% czã.k vfHkerk lw;Z% firkeg%] O;kl%] of'k"B%] d';i%] ukjnkn;% v"Vkn'kkpk;kZ% fof'k"VT;ksfr"kfoKk% vklu~A vk;ZHkV%] ojkg%] fefgj%] HkkLdjkpk;kZn;% vU;rek%A T;ksfr"k'kkL=ka f=k/k foHkDrqa 'kD;rs & 5 fl¼kUrlafgrk] gksjk:ia LdU/=k;kReda fo|rs 'kkL=kesrr~A iz'uyXuekfJR; iz'u'kkL=kfufefÙk'kkL=k×p fo|rsA iz’uk{kjfl¼kUr%] iz'uyXufl¼kUr%] LojfoKkufl¼kUr% mP;rsA fufefÙk'kkL=ka 'kdqu'kkL=keqP;rsA T;ksfr"k'kkL=ks lw;Zfl¼kUr%] c`gTtkrde~] vk;ZHkV~Vh;e~] tkrdikfjtkr%] rkftduhyd.Bh] xxZlafgrkn;% xzUFkk% iz.khrk%A T;ksfr"k'kkL=kL; oSf'k"VÔa 'yksds¿fLeu~ izfrikfnre~& ;Fkk f'k[kk e;wjk.kka ukxkuka e.k;ks ;FkkA rn~on~osnkÄõ'kkL=kk.kka T;ksfr"ka ew/Zfu fLFkre~AA NUn% & NUn% osnkuka ikn%A 'kCnL;kL; O;qRifÙk% Nn~ /krks% LoPNUnxR;k izpyfr & NUn%A izk;% oSfndeU=kk% NUnksc¼k% vr% NUnlka leqfprKkusuSo eU=kk.kka 'kq¼ksPpkj.ka drq± 'kD;rsA osns"kq x|ka'kefi NUnlka Kkueko';de~A vr ,oksDra Hkjreqfuuk & NUnghuks u 'kCNks¿fLr u NUn% 'kCnfooftZre~A NUna fouk 'kCnL; 'kCna fouk NUnL; p vfLrRoa ukfLrA NUn% fu;rk{kjk% ,o L;qfjR;fi fu;e% orZrsA fofo/k% NUnk% };ks% oxZ;ks% foHkDrqa 'kD;rsA of.kZd% NUn% ekf=kd% NUn'p of.kZdkFkok v{kjx.kkuqlkjh NUn%lq v{kjk.kka x.kuk fØ;rsA iknx.kukuqlkjh NUn% iwo± ikns"kq foHkDrk%] izR;sdikns pk{kjk.kka la[;k fu/kZfjrk HkofrA vr% ,dr% o.kkZuka la[;k vU;r'p iknLFko.kkZuka ek=kk x.;rsA NUnks¿ÄõkU;fi ifjxf.krk% okD;s iz;qDrkuka v{kjk.kka la[;k Øe%] ek=kk] x.kuk] ;fr] xfr vknhfuA xk;=kh] mf"kd~ c`grh txrh f=k"Vqi~ iaDR;kn;% fof'k"VoSfndNUnk%A O;kdj.ke~ & "kM~osnkÄõs"kq O;kdj.kL; izk/kU;a fo|rsA ;rks fg ;Fkk 'kjhjko;os"kq eq[kL; iz/kurk rFkSo osnkÄõs"kq O;kdj.ka eq[ka Le`re~A Hkk";kuqlkja osne/hR; Rofjrks oDrkjks HkofUr osnkÂks oSfndk% 'kCnk% fl¼k% yksdkPp ykSfddk% vuFkZda O;kdj.kfefr ekU;rk izpfyrkA ija O;kdj.ka fouk Hkk"kk;k% f'k"VLo:iL; j{k.ka vlEHkoesoA izkphudkys miu;kuUrja vknkS O;kdj.kkè;;ua vuurj×p oSfnd'kCnk% mifn';Urs LeA ^iqjkdYi ,rnklhr~ laLdkjksÙkjdkys czkã.k% O;kdj.ka Le v/h;rsA ;rks fg osnj{kkFk± KkukFkZ×p 6 O;kdj.kkè;;ueko';de~A ^czkã.ksu fu"dkj.kks /eZ% "kMÄõks osnks¿è;s;ks Ks;'p* bR;kxeopua bR;kxeopua Hkk";Ñrks¼`re~A 'kCnkuq'kkluL; eq[;iz;kstus"kq j{kksgkxey?olUnsgk% iz;kstua izfrikn;rk Hkk";Ñrk O;kdj.kL;kè;;uL; vfuok;ZRoa ifjiq"Ve~A O;kdj.ka "kV~LoÄõs"kq loZizeq[kLFkkus iQyoku~ HkofrA osnkuka j{kk O;kdj.ksuSo bR;qDre~A yksikxeo.kZfodkjKks fg lE;Xosnku~ ifjikyf;";rhfr vo.kZfodkjKks fg oSfnd'kCnkuka O;qRifÙkewydeFkZe~ vtkuu~ egnuFk± dfj";frA O;kdj.kL; osnkÄõRosu Lo:ia Hkr`Zgfj.kk izfrik|rs¿=k & vFkZizo`fÙkrÙokuka 'kCnk ,o fucU/ue~A rÙokocks/% 'kCnkuka ukfLr O;kdj.kkn`rsAA vFkkZr~ O;kdj.ksu fouk 'kCnkukeocks/%] 'kCnrÙoKkua izkIrqa u 'kD;rsA 'kCnkuka lk/qRoizfriknuefi O;kdj.keko';de~A izÑfrizR;;kuka leqfpriz;ksx% lk/qRoeqP;rsA O;kdj.k'kkL=ks lw=k&o`fÙk&okfÙkZd&Hkk";&Vhdkn;% i×pfo/xzUFkk% iz.khrk%A ikf.kfu&dkR;k;u&ir×tyhuka eqfu=k;k.kka O;kdj.ka izkekf.kda r=kkfi ;FkksÙkja equhuka izkek.;e~ bR;I;fHkere~A vuUrja Hkr`Zgfj&ukxs'k&HkV~Vksftnhf{kr&dkS.MHkV~VkfnfHk% O;kdj.kn'kZukRedk% xzUFkk vfi jfprk%A O;kdj.ka eks{k&lk/ueI;qDre~ & b;a lk eks{kek.kkukeftãk jkti¼fr%A fu#Dre~ & fu#Dr'kkL=kL; jpuk ;kLdkpk;sZ.k ÑrkA "kM~osnkÄõs"kq fu#Dra prqFkZLFkkus¿fLrA osniq#"kL; 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Vhdkdkjk% & nqxkZpk;Z%] oj#fp%] LdUnLokeh vkfnfHk% fu#Drs fof'k"Vk% Vhdk% iz.khrk%A i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ oSfnd'kk[kkuqlkja fu#DrxzUFkk vfi i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ ,o orZUrsA fu"d"kZr% osnkuka j{kkFk± osnkÄõkukeqikns;Roa loZfl¼esoA 8