rock-forming-minerals.pdf

ROCK-FORMING MINERALS Presenter Name AND THEIR PROPERTIES Made of? Made of? Fluorite Halite Apatite Cinnabar Graphite Calcite 2 Made of? Made of? Chromite Galena Quartz Muscovite Zincite Feldspar 3 4 5 6...

ROCK-FORMING MINERALS Presenter Name AND THEIR PROPERTIES Made of? Made of? Fluorite Halite Apatite Cinnabar Graphite Calcite 2 Made of? Made of? Chromite Galena Quartz Muscovite Zincite Feldspar 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an ordered internal structure. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals that is occurring naturally. BASANITE BASALT 10 Mineralogists use the following criteria to determine whether a material is classified as a mineral or not: 1. 1. naturally occurring- term which identifies mineral as part of earth’s natural processes. 2. 2. inorganic- means a substance is not a product of an organism. 3. 3. homogeneous solid- minerals should have definite volume and rigid shape 4. 4. definite chemical composition—represented by a chemical formula 5. 5. orderly crystalline structure- atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern. 11  PROPERTIES OF MINERALS -Color -Crystalline structure -Malleability -Hardness -Diaphaneity -Ductility -Streak -Luster -Sectility - Cleavage -Brittleness -Flexibility(inelastic) -Flexibility(elastic) 12 COLOR Minerals exist in various colors. It can be altered by chemical impurities within its structure. QUARTZ 13 STREAK It is the color of mineral in powdered form. This property is usually done among metallic minerals with less than 7 hardness. It can be obtained by rubbing it on a streak plate. QUARTZ HEMATITE HARDNESS This refers to scratch resistance of minerals. It is based on Mohs Hardness Scale ranging from 1 being the softest and 10 the hardest. QUARTZ HEMATITE CLEAVAGE This is the tendency of a mineral to break FLUORITE along planes of weakness. Minerals with excellent cleavage will break into smooth, flat, parallel surface. QUARTZ FELDSPAR Garnet (poor cleavage) Galena (perfect cleavage) FRACTURE The property of a mineral breaking in a SMOKY OBSIDIAN more or less random QUARTZ pattern with no smooth planar surfaces. ABESTOS ABESTOS CRYSTALLINE The orderly geometric spatial arrangement of a mineral STRUCTURE produces a particular crystal structure. ABESTOS  The ability of DIAPHANEITY a mineral to allow light to pass through it or the OBSIDIAN degree of transparency. This is affected by chemical makeup of the mineral ABESTOS sample. LUSTER Defines how light is reflected off a surface. The more luster a mineral has, the shinier it is. TENACITY - describes the minerals reaction to stress. 1. Brittleness- a mineral turns into powder 2. Malleability a mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer. 3. Ductility- A mineral can be stretched into wire. 4. Flexible but inelastic-Minerals are bent but they remain in the new position. 5. Flexible and elastic- Minerals are bent, and they OBSIDIAN bring back to their original position. 6. Sectility- The ability of minerals to be sliced by a knife without fracturing. Minerals like quartz, feldspars, and The minerals mica are used in ceramics, glassmaking, and electronics. 26 Calcite, dolomite, and gypsum are used in the production of cement, plaster, and fertilizers. 27 Minerals like hematite and magnetite are important sources of iron, while minerals like bauxite are used for aluminum production. 28 Some rock-forming minerals, such as diamond, ruby, emerald, and sapphire, are highly prized gemstones used in jewelry and luxury items, contributing to the gemstone trade. 29 Zeolites are used in water Zeolite purification, and talc is used in the production of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. 30