Renal System - Advanced PDF

Renal system - advanced 1. The presence in the urine of osmotic diuretics such as mannitol raises urine osmolarity, which causes: a) Generally increased urine volume and fluid loss. b) Generally decreased urine volume and fluid loss. c) No change in urine volume, but increased loss of electrolyt...

Renal system - advanced 1. The presence in the urine of osmotic diuretics such as mannitol raises urine osmolarity, which causes: a) Generally increased urine volume and fluid loss. b) Generally decreased urine volume and fluid loss. c) No change in urine volume, but increased loss of electrolytes. d) No change in urine volume, but decreased loss of electrolytes. 2. What effect will aldosterone-blocking agents have on urine production? a) Block sodium reabsorption, decrease urine volume. b) Block sodium reabsorption, increase urine volume. c) Increase sodium reabsorption, decrease urine volume. d) Increase sodium reabsorption, increase urine volume. 3. Inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis) causes the kidneys to swell. The resulting increase in hydrostatic pressure within the kidney: a) Lowers glomerular filtration rate and thus urine production. b) Causes an increased urge to urinate with no change in urine production c) Raises glomerular filtration rate and thus urine production. d) May obstruct the ureter 4. The presence of glucose in urine: a) is normal. b) is indicative of diabetes mellitus. c) is indicative of kidney failure. d) may occur after heavy exercise. 5. About 80% of the water is reabsorbed into the blood from the: a) obligatory reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule b) facultative reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule c) obligatory reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule d) facultative reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule 6. Glomerular pressure is due to a variation in the size of the afferent and efferent arterioles. How does the afferent arteriole differ in size from the efferent arteriole? a) the afferent arteriole is longer b) the afferent arteriole has a larger diameter c) the afferent arteriole is rounder d) the afferent arteriole has a smaller diameter 7. Which of the following does NOT control glomarrular filtration rate (GFR)? a) Vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles b) Changes in the regional pattern of blood circulation c) Effect of renin d) Water reabsorption 8. Urine formation requires which of the following? a) glomerular filtration and tubular secretion only b) glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption only c) glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion d) tubular reabsorption and secretion only 9. What is the term for the chemical and physical analysis of the urine sample? a) Penalysis b) Urinalysis c) Renalysis d) Urinography 10. What is the major process that occurs in the loop of Henle? a) Water and ion reabsorption b) Water and ion secretion c) Water and protein secretion d) Protein and glucose reabsorption 11. Urine volume and osmotic concentration are primarily regulated by: a) Control of water consumption b) Control of electrolyte consumption c) Control of water reabsorption d) Control of electrolyte reabsorption 12. When does urine production end? a) After glomerrular filtration b) When tubular fluid enters the renal pelvis c) When fluid enters the bladder d) With micturition 13. Glucose reabsorption occurs in the: a) proximal tubule b) loop of Henle c) distal tubule d) cortical collecting duct 14. The control of blood pH by the kidneys during acidosis involves: a) The secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3- from the tubular fluid b) A decrease in the amount of water reabsorbed c) H+ reabsorption and HCO3- loss d) K+ ion secretion 15. When ADH levels rise: a) The amount of water reabsorbed increases b) The distal tubule becomes impermeable to water c) The amount of water reabsorbed decreases d) Na+ is exchanged for K+ 16. Which of the following is not considered to be a normal filtrate component? a) glucose b) nitrogenous wastes c) large proteins d) amino acids 17. Sympathetic activation of the nerve fibres in the nephron causes: a) Regulation of glomerrular blood flow and pressure b) Stimulation of renin release c) The direct stimulation of water and Na+ reabsorption d) All of the other options 18. When the osmolality of the blood increases: a) ADH secretion is decreased in response b) Blood volume tends to increase in response c) Urine production increases d) Glomerrular filtration decreases 19. The ability of the kidneys to produce either hyperosmotic or hyposmotic urine depends in part on the: a) amount of hydrogen ions and ammonium ions secreted b) afferent and efferent arteriole relationships c) absorbing ability of the collecting tubules d) countercurrent multiplier mechanism of the loop of Henle 20. Which of the following indicates kidney failure? a) Glucose in urine b) Protein in urine c) Urea in urine d) Bilirubin in urine