Physiology Renal System Self-Assessment PDF

Physiology Renal System Self-Assessment 1. Which of the following is NOT a principal function of the renal system? a) excretion b) digestion c) elimination d) homeostatic regulation 2. The excretory function of the renal system is performed by the: a) kidneys b) bladder c) ureter d) urethr...

Physiology Renal System Self-Assessment 1. Which of the following is NOT a principal function of the renal system? a) excretion b) digestion c) elimination d) homeostatic regulation 2. The excretory function of the renal system is performed by the: a) kidneys b) bladder c) ureter d) urethra 3. In healthy individuals, urine is a fluid containing each of the following EXCEPT: a) water b) ions c) proteins d) small soluble compounds 4. All of the following are components of the urinary tract EXCEPT: a) urinary bladder b) kidney c) urethra d) ureters 5. Which of the following are specifically involved with the elimination of urine (urination, micturition)? a) kidney and urinary bladder b) urinary bladder and urethra c) kidney and urethra d) kidney and ureter 6. The urinary system regulates blood volume and blood pressure principally by adjusting the ________________________ lost in urine. a) concentration of water b) concentration of solutes c) volume of water d) volume of solutes 7. The urinary system regulates ____________ concentrations of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-) and other ions by controlling the quantities lost in urine. a) plasma b) interstitial c) extracellular d) subcapsular 8. The urinary system helps stabilize ___________________ by controlling the loss of hydrogen (H+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions in urine. a) urinary pH b) blood pH c) urinary volume d) blood volume 9. The urinary system conserves valuable nutrients by preventing their excretion in urine whilst excreting organic waste products such as: a) carbon monoxide b) nucleic acids c) gut peptides d) urea 10. The urinary system assists the _________________ in detoxifying poisons and during starvation altering amino acids so other tissues can more easily break them down. a) pancreas b) liver c) gall bladder d) small intestine 11. Which of the following is one of the two principal layers of the kidney: a) renal epicardium b) renal medulla c) renal capsule d) renal subscapsule 12. Urine production begins in microscopic, tubular structures called: a) cortex b) capsules c) tubules d) nephrons 13. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the: a) cortical cell b) proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) c) nephron d) loop of Henle 14. Each nephron contains a: a) renal capillary b) renal tubule c) renal hilus d) renal layer 15. The capillary network of the renal corpuscle is known as the: a) Bowman's capsule b) glomerulus c) nephron d) convoluted tubule 16. The renal corpuscle is the site where the process of _________________ occurs and in this process, blood pressure forces water and dissolved solutes out of the glomerular capillaries. a) reabsorption b) urination c) filtration d) secretion 17. The kidneys have a rich renal blood supply and glomerular filtration is affected by _______________ pressure. a) renal venule b) renal hilar c) plasma d) renal arteriole 18. Filtration produces an essentially protein-free solution, known as filtrate which is similar to: a) urine b) intracellular fluid c) blood plasma d) water 19. From the renal corpuscle, filtrate enters the renal tubule, which is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT: a) reabsorbing 90% of the water in the filtrate b) secreting waste products into tubular fluid c) synthesizing uric acid from nitrogenous waste d) reabsorbing useful organic substrates entering the filtrate 20. Which of the following is not a component of the renal tubule: a) the loop of Henle b) the proximal convoluted tubule c) the distal convoluted tubule d) Bowman's capsule 21. The part of the renal tubule that lies in the renal medulla is: a) proximal convoluted tubule b) loop of Henle c) distal convoluted tubule d) glomerulus 22. Regions of the nephron vary in structure and function and as filtrate (or tubular fluid) moves along the tubule it gradually changes in: a) function b) composition c) synchronicity d) speed 23. Each nephron empties into the __________________________ - a series of tubes that carry tubular fluid away from the nephron. a) capillary network b) sinuses c) collecting system d) nares 24. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is the first segment of the renal tubule and absorbs all of the following from the tubular fluid EXCEPT: a) organic nutrients b) ions c) water d) uric acid 25. Which of the parts of the loop of Henle is permeable to water? a) ascending limb b) descending limb c) all d) none 26. Which of the following ions is NOT absorbed from the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle? a) sodium (Na+) b) potassium (K+) c) chloride (Cl-) d) magnesium (Mg2+) 27. Which of the following processes does NOT occur in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT): a) selective reabsorption of water, which assists in concentrating the tubular fluid b) selective reabsorption of sodium and calcium ions from tubular fluid c) passive reabsoption of ammonia and calcium ions d) active secretion of ions, acids and other materials 28. Which of the following is NOT a waste product excreted in urine: a) fatty acids b) urea c) creatinine d) uric acid 29. Steps involved in urine formation include each of the following EXCEPT: a) glomerular filtration b) tubular reabsorption c) tubular filtration d) tubular secretion 30. In filtration, blood pressure forces __________________ across the wall of the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space. a) water and solutes b) ions and proteins c) water and solvents d) ions and solvents 31. Reabsorption is the removal of substances from the filtrate, across the tubular epithelium and into the peritubular fluid before eventually re-entering the: a) urine b) lymph c) blood d) feces 32. Secretion is the transport of solutes from the ___________ fluid, across the tubular epithelium and into the tubular fluid. a) extratubular b) intratubular c) peritubular d) monotubular 33. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each ___________________. a) second b) minute c) hour d) day 34. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is principally controlled by each of the following processes EXCEPT: a) autoregulation b) hormonal regulation c) autonomic regulation d) temperature regulation 35. Which substance released from the adrenal cortex, acts on the nephron to increase tubular reabsorption of sodium (Na+) ions and secretion of potassium (K+) and hydrogen (H+) ions? a) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) b) renin c) aldosterone d) angiotensin 36. Water diuresis results from excessive water ingestion and is principally due to a decrease in: a) renin b) angiotensin c) aldosterone d) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 37. _________________ diuresis results from large quantities of unreabsorbed solutes in the renal tubules (e.g. excess dietary sodium, or consuming sea water). a) tubular b) osmotic c) water d) distal 38. Alcohol intake increases urine production by a similar mechanism to ______________________ , namely inhibiting ADH secretion. a) excessive dietary sodium b) excessive water intake c) excessive plasma protein d) insufficient water intake 39. Emptying of the urinary bladder is a spinal reflex regulated by: a) the kidneys b) the hypothalamus c) the pituitary gland d) higher brain centres 40. Age related changes to the urinary system include which of the following: a) increase in the number of functional nephrons b) increased sensitivity to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) c) increase in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) d) problems with the micturition reflex