Renaissance (1) (1).pdf

Hundred 12 de Septiembre Years’ War Backstory for Hundred Years’ War  Eleanor of Aquitaine marries King Henry II – 1152  Henry III signs the Treaty of Paris with Louis IX– 1259  Relinquishes claims to all French territories but one  Aquitaine/Gascony  Began when Charles...

Hundred 12 de Septiembre Years’ War Backstory for Hundred Years’ War  Eleanor of Aquitaine marries King Henry II – 1152  Henry III signs the Treaty of Paris with Louis IX– 1259  Relinquishes claims to all French territories but one  Aquitaine/Gascony  Began when Charles IV of France died childless in 1328  Charles’ nephew, Edward III was the king of England  French nobles exclude Edward and his mother from the French throne  “no woman nor her son could succeed to the French monarchy”  The crown is passed to Philip VI of Valois  1337 Philip confiscated Aquitaine  Edward interprets this as an act of war   Lasted for approximately 116 years  Reasons it lasted so long:  French civil war  Scotland = bff of French The Hundred  Economic factors Years’ War  Wool trade between England and Flanders  Flanders belonged to French crown  Wealth depended on English merchants Warfare French army Heavily armed noble calvary Considered themselves fighting elite English army Peasants as paid foot soldiers Pikes and longbows Larger number of soldiers  The English Longbow  From the Celts in Wales - 1180  6 ft. tall, 6 inches wide  Could fire 5-6 arrows per minute  Well trained could do 10-12  Allowed archers to pierce through medieval armor from 250 yards  The Cannon was introduced at the end of the war  Allowed the French to capture most of the English strongholds Early Phases of War  Edward III invades Normandy in 1346  Phillip responds by meeting English army in Crécy  French (30,000) v. English (15,000)  French had no battle plan, attack lines in disorderly fashion  English destroyed French with archers  Edward followed up by capturing French in Calais Black Prince  Edward III’s son, Edward aka the Black Prince also campaigned in France  Forces deliberately ravaged lands  Burned crops, villages, and towns  Stole anything of value  First battle near Poitiers  French lose again  2,000 killed; 2,000 captured, including King John II  Under Peace of Brétigny, French pay large ransom for John Nearing End of War  Charles IV’s son was declared illegitimate and disinherited  Henry V (of England) married Charles’ daughter Catherine  Henry becomes legitimate heir to French throne  Henry and Catherine have a son in 1422 French Reconquest  Charles VI and Henry V died in 1422  Leaving Henry VI to inherit both thrones  Orléans besieged by English  Major city in northern France  Joan of Arc has an audience with Charles VII  Tells him he was to be crowned and English were to be expelled from France  Charles supports her traveling with the French army to Orléans  Leads French attacks resulting in English retreating and Charles promoting her to co-commander of the army  July 1429 Charles VII was crowned king  When Joan is captured by the Burgundians in 1430, Charles refused to ransom her  An English bishop tried her for heresy and she was burned at the stake  Charles VII requests trial in 1456 that ultimately clears Joan of her charges