Religious & Scientific Theories on Universe Origin (PDF)

ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE Religious Cosmology and Scientific Theories  OBJECTIVES Station 1: Station 2: Station 3: Identify the Describe the religious Differentiate historical cosmology and religious developme...

ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE Religious Cosmology and Scientific Theories  OBJECTIVES Station 1: Station 2: Station 3: Identify the Describe the religious Differentiate historical cosmology and religious development of scientific cosmology with the theories theories of the scientific that explain the 0f the origin of theories origin of the universe. universe. https://youtu.be/hryoO Nc4Pgo? si=3GT95lhXMT64oHSx 1. What is the video all about? 2. What are the possible reason/s of the creation of the Universe? 3. Why is it important to understand the origin of the universe? Religious Cosmology MORMON COSMOLOGY There was a pre-existing or pre-mortal life. Mormon believes that human spirits are literal children of heavenly parents. BUDDHIST COSMOLOGY Existence of the universe is dependent upon the action or karma of it's inhabitants - if all the beings were disappear, the world disappears with them. They view universe as passing in and passing out of existence; the universe has no beginning nor end. ISLAMIC COSMOLOGY God created the universe, including Earth's physical environment and human beings. It teaches to visualize cosmos as a book of symbols for meditation and contemplation to be used for spiritual upliftment. HINDU COSMOLOGY creation is timeless; it has no beginning. The universe is create, destroyed, and reverted in an eternally repetitive series of cycle. It was believed that the creation and dissolution recur at a period of 1000 Maha Yuga or in a modernist view, 4.32 billion years. SCIENTIFIC THEORIES STEADY STATE THEORY BIG BANG THEORY INFLATION THEORY STRING THEORY M-THEORY STEADY STATE THEORY (Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, & Hermann Bondi in 1948) Proposed that the universe is unchanging in time and is uniform in space. The observable universe is basically the same at any time and place. Also known as Continuous creation Debunked because of the Theory and Infinite Universe Theory discovery of cosmic microwave background. BIG BANG THEORY Georges Lemaitre (1927) About 13.7 billion years ago, there was a rapid expansion that hurled matter and energy - even space and time - in all directions in the universe. At the center of this event, all matter and It is based on Einstein’s theory of energy were contained in a general relativity and on the simplifying compact point called assumption of homogeneity and isotropy of space. singularity. BIG BANG THEORY Georges Lemaitre (1927) EVIDENCES THAT SUPPORT THE BIG BANG THEORY GALAXIES MOVING AWAY Edwin Hubble, 1929 the light from the galaxies showed that they moved away at a recessional velocity proportional to their distance.This observation is manifested in the redshift of light spectra. In the spectrum of visible light, red light has the longest wavelength. When an object that gives off light (like a galaxy) is moving away, the motion lengthens the wavelengths. It supports the expansion of the universe and suggests that the universe was once compacted. PRESENCE OF COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND Arno Pensias and Robert Wilson, 1964 CMB radiation was speculated to be the leftover energy from the formation of the universe, associated with the recommendation era when atoms were just beginning to form. ABUNDANCE OF LIGHT ELEMENTS (Helium, Hydrogen, and trace amount of Beryllium) light elements found in the observable universe agree with the hypothesis of the Big Bang theory. Their abundance is checked from the spectra of the oldest stars and gas clouds. The ratio of these light elements matched with what was expected from the Big Bang nucleosynthesis. INFLATION THEORY Alan Guth, andrei Linde, Paul Steinhart, and Andy Albrecht (1980) proposed a period of exponential expansion of the universe, estimated to have happened 10^-35 to 10^33 s prior to the more gradual Big Bang expansion. INFLATION THEORY Alan Guth, andrei Linde, Paul Steinhart, and Andy Albrecht (1980) Problems regarding Big Bang Theory Solutions offered by the Inflation theory: 1. Flatness - The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 1. Flatness - Suppose you are living on the surface of a (WMAP) revealed that the geometry of the universe is basketball. The surface that you see is obviously curved. If the almost flat. However, according to the big bang theory, the ball's size is increased to the size of Earth, it would appear flat. universe should exhibit curvature as time grows. In astronomical proportion, it would appear flat because inflation stretches any initial curvature of the universe to almost 2. Monopole - The big bang theory predicted the production completely flat. of heavy, stable magnetic monopoles in the early universe. However, there were no magnetic monopoles that have 2. Monopole - The inflation theory allows the existence of the been observed. monopoles as long as they were produced prior to the inflationary epoch. During the rapid expansion, the density of 3. Horizon - Based on the Big Bang expansion, distant the monopoles dropped exponentially to an undetectable level. regions of space in opposite directions of the sky are so far apart that they could never have been in causal contact 3. Horizon -The inflation theory assumes a burst of exponential with each other. However, the evidence showing the expansion in the early universe. It follows that the distant uniformity of cosmic microwave background temperature regions were actually much closer with each other prior to suggests that these regions must have had contact in the inflation. past. STRING THEORY What came prior to the Big Bang? Instead of treating subatomic particles as the fundamental building blocks of matter, string theory says that everything is made of unbelievably tiny strings, whose vibrations produce effects that we interpret as atoms, electrons and quarks. STRING THEORY What came prior to the Big Bang? Instead of treating subatomic particles as the fundamental building blocks of matter, string theory says that everything is made of unbelievably tiny strings, whose vibrations produce effects that we interpret as atoms, electrons and quarks. M-THEORY What came prior to the Big Bang? M-Theory is the idea in String Theory that there are as many as 11 dimensions in which the so called "strings" vibrate. M-THEORY What came prior to the Big Bang? M-Theory is the idea in String Theory that there are as many as 11 dimensions in which the so called "strings" vibrate. THINGS TO PONDER: 1. What is the most accepted theory of the creation of the universe? What are the evidences that support it? 2. What are the basic assumptions of the inflation theory? 3. Why Steady state theory still significant despite being debunked due to scientific cosmic discoveries?.