Lesson 1 Origin of the Universe and the Solar System PDF

UNLOCKING: Chicken or Chicken Egg?  UNLOCKING Chicken or Chicken Egg? Chicken Egg CHICKEN By: Michael A. Magbanua FB Account: Michael Magbanua IG Account: mykwento1230  Everything has an origin. Even our mysterious U...

UNLOCKING: Chicken or Chicken Egg?  UNLOCKING Chicken or Chicken Egg? Chicken Egg CHICKEN By: Michael A. Magbanua FB Account: Michael Magbanua IG Account: mykwento1230  Everything has an origin. Even our mysterious Universe has an origin, yet we cannot really decide which origin story is true. Theories on the Origin of the Universe A. RELIGIOUS/MYTH The creation of the entire cosmos (universe) took 6 days. The biblical creation story tells that God is the author of creation Theories on the Origin of the Universe A. RELIGIOUS COSMOLOGY Creation was not ex nihilo but created from existing matter The Heavenly Father with his many spirit wives has propagated millions of spirit babies living in the Spirit Kingdom (pre-existing) awaiting to be born here on Earth. Theories on the Origin of the Universe A. RELIGIOUS COSMOLOGY Existence of the universe is dependent upon the action or karma of its inhabitants Universe has no beginning and end Universe consists of a large number of worlds Theories on the Origin of the Universe A. RELIGIOUS COSMOLOGY God created the universe Teaches to visualize cosmos as a book of symbols for meditation and contemplation to be used for spiritual upliftment Theories on the Origin of the Universe A. RELIGIOUS COSMOLOGY Creation is timeless and has no beginning The are many universes which all follow the same rhythm: creation and dissolution RELIGIOUS COSMOLOGY Greek Philosophy Greek Philosophy Greek Philosophy Greek Philosophy Static and Infinite Greek Philosophy Universe/Gravitational Effects Greek Philosophy ◉ Although various religious cosmologies have tried to answer the creation of the universe, why scientists and philosophers are also trying to search for truth and enlightenment? Theories on the Origin of the Universe B. SCIENTIFIC COSMOLOGY Attributed to George Lemaitre Theoretically happened 13.8 billion years ago There was only pure energy compressed in a single point called singularity After a rapid expansion, matter and energy- even time and space- hurled in all directions in the universe 13.8  Four Basic Forces Strong nuclear force Electromagnetic force Gravitational Weak nuclear force force  Theories on the Origin of the Universe Evidences supporting this theory 1. The observance of galactic red-shifts 2. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) 3. The abundance of light elements: hydrogen and helium 1. Monopole Problem There were no magnetic 13.8 monopoles that have been observed. 13.8 B yrs 3. Horizon Problem 2. Flatness Problem Evidence suggests that these regions must have The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy had contact in the past Probe revealed that the geometry of the universe is almost flat B. SCIENTIFIC COSMOLOGY Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold and Herman Bondi predicted that the universe expanded but did not change density. Also known as Continuous Creation Theory and Infinite Universe Theory B. SCIENTIFIC COSMOLOGY Alan Guth, Andrei Linde, Paul Steinhart and Andy Albrecht, offered solutions to the unresolved problems of the Big Bang theory A period of rapid exponential expansion of the universe It was driven by the repulsive force of gravity Offered solution to the Big Bang Problems  Proponents: Gabriele Veneziano, Edward Witten, John Schwarz Fundamental building blocks called strings are free to vibrate at different modes Strings have dimensions confined to Planck length (10-35 m) Vibrational modes may represent any of the fundamental particle types (electron, proton, graviton)  Proponent: Hugh Everett III and Bryce DeWitt The universe occurred as a result of the contact of two hyperdimensional branes Branes – 2 or 5 dimensional objects to which strings can attach Interaction of two branes creates a new universe The concept of “many worlds” structure of the universe  Proponent: Albert Einstein Followed the general theory of relativity According to the theory, the universe expanded first and contracted due to the pull of its gravity in a perpetual cycle of big bang and big crunch What made it possible for the planets to become as big as they are? 1. The orbits are elliptical in shape 2. The orbits of all planets are almost in the same plane. 3. All planets revolve around the sun in counterclockwise direction 4. All planets except Venus and Uranus rotate on their own axis in counterclockwise manner 5. The distances of the planets from the sun can be expressed using Bode’s Law. Theories on the Origin of the Universe Collision Theory by George Buffon A comet struck the Sun and broke off fragments which formed the planets Tidal Theory by James Jeans and Harold Jeffreys A rouge star passed close to the sun and stripped materials from both the sun and the star. Theories on the Origin of the Universe Proponent: Rene Descartes The Solar System formed into bodies with circular orbits because of the whirlpool-like motion of the pre-solar materials Proponent: Immanuel Kant and Pierre-Simon Laplace Nebula - A great cloud of gas and dust Theories on the Origin of the Universe Solar System was formed around 4.55 Ga, when interstellar materials in a spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy underwent several stages  Composed mostly of dense, rocky, and metallic materials Built up through the collisions and accretion of planetesimals by gravitational attraction Also referred to as inner planets Condensation of Formation of Accretion of gases to form clumps from clumps rocky particle rocky particles Formation of Growth of Formation of terrestrial planetesimals planetesimals from planets to limiting size clumps Accretion – a process where microscopic solid particles condense to form a large mass which becomes planets.  Referred to as gas planets and made up mostly of hydrogen and helium Formed by gas accretion The outer planets Condensation of Formation of Accretion of gases to form ice clumps from ice clumps particle particles Formation of Accretion of Formation of Jovian planets planetesimals planetesimals from clumps It occurs beyond the frost line where H compounds such as H 2O are available in larger amounts Theories on the Origin of the Universe Composed mainly of rock, ice, ammonia, and methane Located 4.5 billion km from the sun; region of the Solar system beyond the planets, extending from the orbit of Neptune, place of origin of short-period comets A large cloud of icy materials and rocks; extends around 750 billion km from the sun to the edge of the solar system beyond the orbit of Neptune; place of origin of long-period comets 1 AU = 149.6 million km Expansion/Deepening Among the theories that were presented in the lesson, which do you think would be the most realistic and the most logical one? Explain your answer. Unifying/Valuing Synthesis: Why do scientists keep on exploring space? Are there other reasons aside from just acquiring knowledge? Explain your answer. Meaningful Closure: React to this statement: “The only constant thing in life is change.” (Relate it to the constant changes brought about by science discoveries made by the scientific community.) Evaluating