U.S. History Test Review KEY PDF

Name:_______________________________ Block:___ U.S. History Test Review KEY Units 4 & 5: The Roaring 20s/Great Depression & New Deal (Ch. 12, 13, 14, 15) To prepare for the test, review your notes, writing as...

Name:_______________________________ Block:___ U.S. History Test Review KEY Units 4 & 5: The Roaring 20s/Great Depression & New Deal (Ch. 12, 13, 14, 15) To prepare for the test, review your notes, writing assignments, and any other classwork or homework activities you have completed. Essential Vocabulary (know the who, what, where, when, and why): Flappers, Great Migration, Al Capone, Speakeasies, Teapot Dome Scandal, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jazz Music, Hoovervilles, Bonus Army, Hawley-Smoot Act, Buying on Margin, Dust Bowl Return to Normalcy 1. Explain why the United States returned to isolationism following World War I. Focus on domestic issues and the economy following the massive loss of life and money in WWI 2. What were the negative consequences of the isolationist policies? RIse in racism, nativism and paranoia about radicals in the US 3. Who were the Palmer Raids directed towards? Why was this group targeted during the 1920s? Communists living in the US. The Red Scare occurred in the 1920s because of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and Americans worried about communist infiltration 4. How did the activities of the Klu Klux Klan change during the 1920s? Began to target more minority groups including, Jews, Communists and immigrants 5. What were the effects of quotas placed on European immigration in the 1920s? Increased immigration from Mexico. Increased the demand for higher-skilled workers Changing Ways of Life 6. Explain why prohibition was enacted and why it eventually failed. Enacted to reduce moral depravity. Failed because the federal government did not have the funding or manpower to enforce the law and it also caused more problems than it solved.  7. What ideologies clashed in the “Scopes Monkey Trial”? What role did Clarence Darrow play in the trial and what was his conclusion? Christian Fundamentalism vs Scientific Theory. Darrow was the defense attorney for John Scopes and concluded that religious doctrine had no place in public school classes. 8. How did life for many American women change during the 1920s? Widespread female employment leading to financial independence. More women lived in the cities by themselves and were not married. 1920s Presidents & Economy 9. How did the Republican presidents of the 1920s differ in their approach to the economy from the progressive presidents of the early 1900s? Republican presidents of the 1920s took a more laissez-faire approach to the economy. Let business thrive without government interference 10. What factors led to the economic boom of the early to mid 1920s? America was a creditor nation New production techniques Consumer-based economy Growth of the automobile industry Bull market 11. The availability and affordability of automobiles, led to growth in what other areas? Growth of the suburbs, glass, rubber and concrete industries Pop Culture & Harlem Renaissance 12. Explain the contributions of Charles Lindbergh, Henry Ford & Marcus Garvey to the culture of the 1920s. Lindbergh: First trans-Atlantic flight led to more funding in air travel Henry Ford: Development of the assembly line led to popularity and affordability of automobiles Marcus Garvey: Started the Pan-Africanism movement that advocated for Black Pride and separatism between races  13. What occurred during the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s? Instilled a sense of pride in Black-American art & culture Inspired future generations of Black artists The Great Depression & New Deal 14. Explain how overproduction and underconsumption led to the Great Depression. New efficient production techniques led to many companies having an excess of products that nobody was buying. Consumers were not buying these products because they already had them or were in debt from buying on credit 15. Explain the what, when, where and why of the Black Tuesday. What: Crash of the Stock Market When: October 4, 1929 Where: New York Stock Exchange Why: Excessive speculation in the stock market led to a selling panic when investors thought their prices were about to drop rapidly 16. Why did banks run out of money and lose many Americans' savings? People panicked and tried to pull their money out of banks following the Stock Market Crash. Banks ran out of money and could not afford to borrow more money from the Federal Reserve. 17. Explain the difference between Hoover & Roosevelt response to the Great Depression. Hoover: Rugged individualism, Generosity of neighbors, charitable giving, let the economy stabilize itself FDR: Relief, reform, recovery, experimentation, government must step in to help Americans 18. Explain the purpose & accomplishments of the following New Deal Programs: Tennessee Valley Authority, Agricultural Adjustment Act, National Industrial Recovery Act, Glass Steagall Act, Civilian Conservation Corps, Securities & Exchange Commission, Works Progress Administration, Social Security Administration. TVA: Developed infrastructure for cheap and renewable energy AAA: Reduced crop supply, allowing farmers to charge higher prices NIRA: Workers could unionize & negotiate fair wages GSA: Insured bank deposits through the introduction of the FDIC CCC: Created employment opportunities through conservation of natural resources  SEC: Regulated fair practices in the stock market WPA: Created employment opportunities through funding of public works projects SSA: Ensured retirement and disability benefits