History Study Notes PDF

# Importance and Relevance of History ## Defining History - **Greek word** _historia_ meaning *learning or inquiry* - **German word** _geschichte_ - **Related to** _geschehen_, defined as *to happen* - **The past of mankind** - **Chronological record of significant events** ## Classifications - *...

# Importance and Relevance of History ## Defining History - **Greek word** _historia_ meaning *learning or inquiry* - **German word** _geschichte_ - **Related to** _geschehen_, defined as *to happen* - **The past of mankind** - **Chronological record of significant events** ## Classifications - **Published materials** are materials that have been published for public use, such as books, magazines, reading journals, travelogues, or speech transcripts. - **Manuscripts** are any handwritten or typed record that has not been released to the public, such as archival materials, memoirs, and diaries. - **Non-written sources**, such as oral history, artifacts, ruins, fossils, artworks, video and audio recordings. ## Historical Sources - Materials used for the writing of History ### Types of historical sources - **Primary source** - **Secondary source** ## Primary and Secondary Sources ### Primary Sources - Produced by a contemporary of the event - Produced by people with direct involvement - Testimony of an eyewitness ### Secondary Sources - Secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources - These can be one or more steps removed from the event itself. ## Historical Method - The historical method is the process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past, as defined by Louis Gottschalk. - The historical method always goes hand-in-hand with its tools called historical sources. ## Internal and External Criticism ### Historical Criticism - The analysis and judgment of something or someone that develops a historian’s perspectives and understanding of the past. - Required to settle historical basis based on a material’s form and content. ## Categories - **Written Sources** - materials written by a firsthand eyewitness or the participant - **Images** - visual documents published or made by an eyewitness or the participant. - **Artifacts** - materials made by a firsthand eyewitness or the participant. - **Oral testimonies** - documented conversations written and/or published by a firsthand eyewitness or the participant. # The first voyage around the world ## Historical background - Written by Antonio Pigafetta in one of the five ships that first circumnavigate the world. - It covers the time when Ferdinand Magellan’s fleet "Armada de Molucca" started the voyage (1519) until it was successfully went back to Spain. ### **APRIL 1, 1521 (originally March 31)** - First mass in the Philippines was happened in "Mazaua". - Attended by Magellan, Rajah Kolambu, Rajah Siagu (Siaui) and local islanders ## Historical background ### **Customs of the Tagalogs** - Written by Fray Juan de Plasencia in 1589. - Currently kept in Archivo Genera. de Indias in Seville, Spain. - Its English version appeared on Volume VII of Blair and Robertson’s collection of Spanish documents - Contains extensive information about political and socio-cultural history of Tagalog Region. ## Historical background - **Juan Luna's paintings** - Illustrates literary and historical scenes that carried political commentaries. -**Fernando Amorsolo’s paintings** - Depicted life during late American period and Japanese occupation in the country, and also focused on rural landscapes. ## Historical background ### **Raiders of the Sulu Sea** - Documentary produced by Oak3 Films in 2008 in co-production agreement with the Media Authority of Singapore and Korean Broadcasting Commission. - It depicts the slave-raiding activities by Balangingi Samal, Llanun and Tausug tribes under the command of Sultan of Sulu. ## Historical background - It discusses the early Tagalog: 1. **Social Classes:** Datu, Maharlika, Timawa, Alipin (Namamahay and Saguiguin) 2. **Houses:** made of bamboo, wood and nipa palm 3. **Ornaments:** adds distinction to a person (Kalumbiga and Agimat) ## Historical background ### **Pres. Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the US Congress** - Written by Corazon Aquino as she was invited by the US Congress to convene a Joint Meeting for the purpose of hearing an address from a foreign leader - The speech was delivered seven months after being sworn into office under revolutionary government. # "For the nation, Ninoy became the pleasing sacrifice that answered their prayers for freedom. For myself and our children, Ninoy was a loving husband and father. His loss, three times in our lives, was always a deep and painful one."