Psychological Perspective of the Self PDF

Psychological Perspective of the Objectives: After completing the module, the students are expected to: Define and describe the different concepts of self. Differentiate the various concepts of the self and identify their interrelationships. Explain how the concepts of self-i...

Psychological Perspective of the Objectives: After completing the module, the students are expected to: Define and describe the different concepts of self. Differentiate the various concepts of the self and identify their interrelationships. Explain how the concepts of self-influence behaviour. Apply concepts of self in one’s life to develop self- awareness and self-understanding. Psychology The scientific study of human behavior. (overt and covert behavior) And mental processes. (Thinking, feeling, memory) William James’s Concept of Self: The Me-Self and the I-Self Philosopher and Psychologist, developed a theory of self-consciousness in his work, Principles of Psychology in 1890.  William James’s Concept of Self: The Me-Self and the I-Self The main concept of self : Me-self : is the empirical self, the experienced self, or the self as known. I-self : thinking self, self that knows who he or she is The ‘Me-Self” is divided into sub categories: Material self The material aspect encompasses every material thing that a person values and desires. Social self refers to whom and how a person acts on social situations. Spiritual self refers to the most intimate and important part of the self that includes the person’s purpose, motives, emotions, values, conscience, and moral behaviour. Carl Roger’s Self Theory: Real and Ideal Self An American Psychologist, defined the self: as a flexible and changing perception of personal identity. self develops from interactions with significant people and self- awareness. Human beings are always striving for self- fulfilment, or self- actualization.  Two types of Self concept Real self-concept – awareness of “what I am and what I can do” (self image) Ideal Self-concept - is the person’s conception of what one should be or wanted to be that includes one’s goals and ambitions in life. unhappy/ happy/ dissatisfied more fulfilled  David Lester : Concept of Multiple Self and Unified Self Mind is composed of MULTIPLE SELF - such subselves are sets of psychological processes (dreams, desires, emotions and memories. - varies across different roles and relationships The integration of subselves into one is the UNIFIED SELF  Walter Mishcel “people behaved differently because of the different situations in which they found themselves and because they have different histories of learning” Concept of True Self and Fake Self: was an English paediatrician and psychoanalyst the self is composed of the true self and the false self TRUE SELF – real feelings/desires FALSE SELF – changed in behavior, repressed feelings and put aside his needs to survive Concept of True Self and Fake Self: TRUE SELF FALSE SELF SELF IS LIKE AN ONION: THE SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC: - suggests that humans have the ability to act and make things happen. - In his theory of the self, people are viewed as proactive agents of experiences. - Agency embodies the endowments, belief systems, self-regulatory capabilities, and structures and functions  Main agentic features of human agency Intentional - refers to actions performed by the person with full awareness of his behavior or acts done Forethought enables the person to anticipate the likely consequences of prospective actions Self-reactiveness enables the person to make choices and choose appropriate courses of action Self-reflectiveness gives the person the ability to reflect upon oneself and the adequacy of one's thoughts and action  Is the belief that he or she is capable to perform a task. It play a central role in self regulation THE SELF AS THE CENTRAL ARCHETYPE: - HE conceived the structure of personality (psyche) as a complex network of interacting systems that strive toward harmony.  MAIN SYSTEMS: The ego is one's conscious mind, the part of the psyche that includes perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and memories that may enter consciousness. Personal unconscious includes the repressed and forgotten experiences. The collective unconscious consists of the fundamental elements of the human psyche that includes experiences all humans share or in common. THE SELF AS THE CENTRAL ARCHETYPE: - persona, - shadow, - animus/anima - and self.  4 types of archetypes Persona - refers to social roles that individuals present to others. Shadow refers to the repressed thoughts that are unacceptable (Dark side of the psyche) Anima – feminine side of the male psyche Animus - masculine side of the female psyche Self central archetype that unites all parts of the psyche SIGMUND FREUD’S CONSTRUCTION OF SELF AND PERSONALITY - Id - pleasure - Ego- I or reality - Superego - conscience THE ROLE OF ERIK ERIKSON’S THEORY IN UNDERSTANDING THE SELF To achieve an individual identity, one must create a vision of the self that is authentic and having hold of one’s destiny in an effort to reach goals that are personally meaningful.