principles 9.pdf

BY Prof .Dr. Azza Attia Hydrotherapy is a Greek words hydro means "water" and therapy means "healing". Hydrotherapy is therapeutic modality that uses water in any form or Of temperature for the treatment of physical or psychological dysfunction. Physical principles of Hydrotherapy 1.Buoyan...

BY Prof .Dr. Azza Attia Hydrotherapy is a Greek words hydro means "water" and therapy means "healing". Hydrotherapy is therapeutic modality that uses water in any form or Of temperature for the treatment of physical or psychological dysfunction. Physical principles of Hydrotherapy 1.Buoyancy I Buoyancy: is an upward thrust(force) on the body in the opposite direction to the force of gravity during immersion in water. Pt LikeAbduction or Extension Buoyancy  Exerts the greatest effects on longer lever arms.  Increase lever arm leads to increase buoyancy d LA I B 9h 2-Density: MU I  Density is a characteristic property of a substance.  The density of a substance is the relationship between the e mass of the substance and how much space it takes up (volume).  Density equals the mass of the substance divided by its volume; D = m/v.  Objects with the same volume but different mass have I different densities. 0 0 “ density is the relation between the mass and the volume of the substance” 3 isoms Density=mass/ volume g\cm D 0 2m Specific gravity of the substance: is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water DS DW Density of substance : density of water 50 THEN I 1 0 the human body has a specific gravity • Water has specific gravity of 1.0 at 4°C, of 0.974. Normal People 0.974 0.974 If an object's specific gravity is less than that I of water, it will float in water.  If the specific gravity is greater than that of water , it will sink at rate based on difference __ between the specific gravity of object and of water.  If the specific gravity is equal that of water the object not float or sink it is called buoyant. __f sordid More EEater float buoyant sink Positive buoyancy object's specific gravity is less that of water A IE object's specific gravity is more that of water Negative buoyancy object's specific gravity is equal that of water Neutral buoyancy Float A Bouncy sink Negativebouncy pour Positivebouncy buoyant Clinical application of buoyancy: o waist 50 Sternum Shoulder 90 1. Weight relief depending on the proportion of the body below water level: immersion to waist level, the weight relief is approximately 50% of the body weight. To the sternum level the Wight relief is approximately 70% of the body weight , to shoulder level, weight relief is 90% of the body weight. Pain due to weight bearing and joint6stress can be relieved in hydrotherapy pool by the effect of buoyancy. 100 o 50 30 10 70 202 30 I 7 140 200 90 O O weight relief = 200 x70/100 = 140 lb weight on the joint =200-140 = 60 lb O weight relief = 200 x90/100 = 180 lb weight on the joint =200-180 = 20 lb relief Clinical application of buoyancy: ˢ 36  65 year old male patient with bilateral knee 60 osteoarthritis ,his weight about 120 I kg. Use 120 swimming pool for under water exercises. - Calculate weight exerted on his joints when he submersed to the sternal level and to the waist level? 36 - Calculate weight relief from his joint when he immersed to shoulder level? foggy weights any µg 120 84 36 yes 301 I I Relation between density and bouncy  The liquid bouncy force depends on its density  Increase density lead to increase force of the fluid bouncy.  density of liquid lead to bouncy force  Fresh water density less than seawater density  So body immersed in seawater will be bounded up than in fresh water . Center of Buoyancy cog  It is the point through which the upward buoyant force seems to act.I  The COB is a point or location on the human body that needs to be maintained within a base of support to establish & maintain an upward & stable posture under water similar to center of gravity  COB in human body is located in chest region D true off a Assisted Sameside of bouncy Resistance sides 2. Progression in muscle power a) By changing the position of the patient in the pool. 0 b) By changing the length of the lever arm, a flexed limb is less assisted or resisted by the pest water than a straight limb. c) Alteration of the shape: as if we asking the patient to hold a ball in the hand will result Assistb orboard orresist in alteration in the shape of the limb, so this increase the resistance to movement. Activeres isf.sn Flexion Adduction AEIY.atistInkuction resist EdrarmAssist qeffey.gg Short learn longleven arm resist PW 55 ah flex Assit Same side of bounce if  The amount of air in the lungs has a distinct impact on the overall density of the human body and its ability to float or sink . 0.95 0.974 a  with the lungs fully inflated the relative density of the human body is between 0.95 and 0.974 g/cm3 0.95 0574  A body with a relative density less than one will float. O a  without the lungs fully inflated the relative density of the I human body is between 1.050 and 1.084 1.050 1.084 0 93 0.79974 2. Hydrostatic pressure  Hydrostatic pressure: is the pressure exerted on an immersed body by the water that surrounds it.   According to Pascal's law: a of fluid exerts equal pressure on all surfaces of a body at rest, this pressure increases in proportion to the depth of the fluid. Loading Clinical application of Hydrostatic pressure 1-hydrostatic pressure vary with patient positioning. the greater effects will occur with vertical position, 1 and the less effect if the patient is in horizontal 0 position close to the water surface. p D  2-Since pressure increase as depth increase, so standing in water can assist patients with lower limb edema by encouraging fluids in higher pressure areas to flow proximally to lower pressure areas.(pressure gradient)   3-Hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy together can facilitate improvement of balance exercise.  Hydrostatic Pressure: gives the body support,  buoyancy : assist in maintaining an upright position if it deviates from the vertical position. 3.Viscosity and Resistance  Viscosity: is the internal friction between molecules of the fluid.  As a body moves through water, there is a resistance to the motion of body in water. This resistance occurs against the direction of the motion of the body . *Water resistance is directly proportional to the speed of the movement, and the surface area of the body parts in contact with the a water. *Resistance in water is 42 times greater than in air . ARS TSP  The viscosity of water makes it a useful strengthening medium because resistance becomes greater as more speed is exerted against it. also with greater area of contact. 95 PR 9AC 4. Turbulence see  Turbulence is an irregular movement of water 0 molecules. It may be created by an under water douche, water agitation or by the physiotherapist moving through the water. It decrease the resistance of the water to movement. Clinical application of turbulence:  1. If the patient has difficulty in walking through the resistance of water, the physiotherapist may walk in front of the patients, so that a wake created for the patient to walk-in, this makes walking easier. o 5.Moment of Force (torque) : force TFIastance  Is the turning effect of a force about any point. Tourque  The moment of force is defined as the product of the force and the perpendicular distance between the line of action of that force and the .‫حاصل ضرب القوة واملسافة العمودية بني خط عمل تلك القوة ونقطة االرتكاز‬ fulcrum. Moment=f x d etc d Prependicular F Moment=Fxd To9Moment Idistan Éy fulcrum Axis 0 force 4 Thedistances  Its clinical application:  In which a man standing in water which comes to the level of the neck, a float I attached to the patient hand.  Assistance to flex is at its greatest value when the elbow is flexed to a right angle and decrease progressively as flex. at the elbow proceeds.  Resistance to active ext. from full flex 2 increase as the elbow angle approaches 90. EFF 1st session Veryweak ms L force flout Maximummoment Assistance or torque 90 AB>AC>AD resistance.hn owext 98 Madiman resisted 6.Specific Heat  Specific heat is the amount of energy required to raise unit mass of material by 1 C.  The specific heat capacity of water is equal to 1 J/(kg·K)  The specific heat capacity of air is 0.001 J/(kg·K)  Given these specific heat capacities, it is apparent that water holds heat well, approximately 1000 times more than an equivalent volume of air. IC 0 001 3mg 7.Thermal conductivity  Thermal conductivity is the ability of the water to absorb heat and conduct it across the tissue.  Water efficiently conducts heat. In fact, water conducts heat 25 times faster than air does. 25 Clinical benefits  Clinically, during hydrotherapy, heat is generally transferred from warm water to a patient by placing the patient's limb in warm water. EE  Heat may also be transferred from the patient to cooler water by immersion of a limb or part of it in cold or ice water. im 8-water is versatile and change forms  water can be changed easily to different forms as s     liquid, ice or vapor. 1-liquid water can be used in bath or shower Also it can be used as special packs in hydrocollators to 6 apply superficial heat. 2-ice packs and ice massage can be used to reduce inflammation. 3.Suna and steam room used water as vapor to promote perspiration and detoxification. fit t. t heat up Ice massage Ice packs Sauna room detox propositfation