Principles of Animal Genetics and Population Genetics PDF

R. Thiagarajan Principles of Animal Genetics & Population Genetics S  3 vith D. D  O. 2. " TO N t O. D...

R. Thiagarajan Principles of Animal Genetics & Population Genetics S  3 vith D. D  O. 2. " TO N t O. D O e J D P, P 9 A.  C D 0 t D (.: -. N U.. S S 8 PPPP. P D 2  ( E 2 O 5 A D  O * 33-73  E O O 5 ** ,  O E. OP 3. O E ** * D 2 T  3 (D D. 9 O D 0 O  D CE E * ** * E (  |8 i 3 m 3 (O  8 oi E| P.  P O E (  o E ly & C P D " :  8 D O. E.. T X X in B. N S N  2 2. S A ( X X E ( X  D D O O 5  h. C " O 3 ( N  PO Male gametes and their frequencies3 E (  8 12  + NNN + XXx N ++. C N  + Z 5 P e. Ra SE D N ( D 3 * S  D O E + |  N S S N N N C 1 E n S 9. ( -- -2- 2. 2.. C " 2.2 n O  O. + +F. ". +.  09 + S e:  + + T N + 9  + 3. A. 2 S e  i 5. O.g9. i. P" ( S... N +.g O 3 3  E S N N  1 T A D SE O S.  2 Z.. D O. L: N 8 O.... 2 2 X. D Z D "  8 2 3 D D BR 1Ero ,  G. O, ( O ( O.a 3 ( P 8E  t 95 (O S  E O. P 23 S.. N D J X S i  O. P O Classifcation of chromosomal varlations / aberratlons / abnormalities chromosomal variations Numerlcal Variations Structural Variations Euploidy Aneuploidy Balanced rearrangements Unbalanced rearrangements (vanation in one complete (variation in one or a number (with no apparent loss or gain (with actual loss or gain of set of chromosomes) of chromosomes more or less of genetic material) Benetic material thereby than the species number) resulting in phenotypic change) Polyploid Monosomy (2n-1) Inversion Deletion / Deficlency presence of more than two doss of segment of (two breaks & two reunions loss of one chromosome sets of chromosomes chromosome in one chromosome) from its original material)D 1)AuOpolYpod rom a pair) ) Paracentric inversion deletion cinele diploid so that the homologues Nullisomy (2n-2) (not involving centromere and inal dod seement is at the end of ome from the same source as in pure chromosome shape is not altered) the chromoso Oss o wo rom strains or homozygotes. oomes i) Pericentrle inversion u) Alopolyploid -It is a froma form derived a hybrid between two diploids so that the involving centromere and i)Interstitial or intercalary deletion homologues come from different source. chromosome shape is altered) (wo breaks occur and unite Shs leaving out the segment) Trploid (3n) somy (2n+) (three breaks in a single Duplicatoin three sets of chromosomes (addition o1 one chromosome) (Addition of segment ol chromosome to a pair)>Reciprocal transiocafion chromosoinc) Tetraploid (4n) Tetrusomy (2n+2) (breaks followed by exchange of 0ur sels of chromosornes (addition of two BEgments beween two Chromosomes i) Autotetraploid chromosomes to a paur) Inserdon i) Allotetraploid Centrie fusion or Robertsonlan ranslocation** Annserton ocCUrs when there are two breaks in one chromosome and one In a non-homologue, and the segment is inserted Into the non- nomologue.. n chomnma son r o Rober onian translocation occurs betweontwo acentric chromosomes when breaks occur close to the cantromere in the long chromosome shot amof the other, followed by an exchange and reunion to form an atelocentric chromosome and a very small metacentric or a centric iragment. O00