Presentation Types Forms of Government.pptx.pdf

Systems, Types, & Forms of Government  Systems v. Forms of Government Systems – how Forms – how the power & policies are governments rule – shared (or not) ideology on how within a state / best to govern country  Systems of Government Systems of Gov...

Systems, Types, & Forms of Government  Systems v. Forms of Government Systems – how Forms – how the power & policies are governments rule – shared (or not) ideology on how within a state / best to govern country  Systems of Government Systems of Government: describe how power is distributed between the levels of government  Systems of Government Three systems of government you need to know: Federal, Confederal, & Unitary  Systems v. Forms of Government Confederation, or a confederal system, has a loose relationship with the central government Least common system Usually a weak / minimal central or national government Power lies in the local governments (states, regions, or provinces) Confederal System The states tell the national government what to do!  Confederal System The United States started out as a confederation – 1776 - 1787 Examples: U.S. under Articles of Confederation The Confederation during the Civil War The European Union  Confederal System Confederation: is loose union of independent states. Belgium: Two independent states: Flanders in North, Wallonia in the South Federal System Federal System: the central or national government & state or regional governments share power  The U.S. Federal System Mr. Raymond’s Social studies academy In the U.S. federal system, the people elect their national government representatives and their state government representatives Worldwide Federal Systems Federal System: the federal system of government is not unique to the United States Examples: United States: 50 states / 1 central Argentina: 23 provinces / 1 Germany: 16 states / 1 India: 29 States, 7 provinces Nigeria: 36 states / 1 Russia: 46 oblasts, 21 republics / one central  Ex: Germany Federal System: the central government & state governments share power Citizens elect officials at the various levels of government Angela Merkel, former Horst Seehofer, Federal Chancellor of Germany Minister of Bavaria (similar (executive, like a president) to a governor) Unitary System of Government Unitary System: the central government has all power and delegates to lower levels Unitary System of Government Unitary System: examples – England, France, Italy Parliamentary System: a parliamentary system is not about power between the different levels, but about choosing the executive for the national government.  Parliamentary System: the executive (prime minister, president) is chosen by the legislature  Voters Voters Executive Legislative Legislative Executive Presidential System Parliamentary System  Parliamentary System: Prime Minister is a member of the Parliament. Example: England Parliamentary System: Prime Minister, Winston Churchill Part II: Forms of Government Forms or types of Government: how governments operate who holds the power and how they are organized  Forms: Monarchy Monarchy: Rule by King or Queen Absolute Monarch: peak 17th / 18th c. Europe. Constitutional Monarch: Monarch more of a Monarch maintains all governing power ceremonial role, delegating power to the legislature King Charles III of England at the 80th D-Day Aniversary English Government Constitutional Monarchy  Form: Absolute Monarchy Monarchy: Rule by a King or Queen Absolute Monarchy – today: Saudi Arabia – royal family has absolute power Hereditary Rule – passed down to eldest male Democracy: means - Rule by the People  Form: Types of Democracies Direct Democracy – Representative Democracy / people vote on laws & Republic: people choose policies themselves leaders to create policy Example: Ancient Athens Example: United States U.S. Republic (form) / Federal System Democracy: Direct Democracy in a Republic Some states have “direct democracy” aspects in a republican form of government Examples: Referendum: states ask the people to vote on proposals Initiatives: states allow people to gather signatures to place a proposal on the ballot Example: Referendum Example: Initiative  Form: Socialism Socialism: the government often takes an active role in the economy and controlling business Gained popularity in the U.S. during the 2nd Industrial Revolution – let the workers gain their share of wealth  Socialism Today: Modern-day socialism seeks to balance market economies with social welfare policies to reduce inequality, ensure basic needs are met, and promote collective ownership or regulation of key industries.  Socialism Today: Socialist parties still exist in Europe & the United States. Norwegian Socialist Left Party Party of European Socialist The French Socialist Party Socialist variety: Socialist parties, policies, & states do not all share the same ideals. Often socialism and communism are viewed as the same form of government. Many countries Huaneng Power is owned by the Chinese government, who also subsidize many industries Economic Policy Examples: China state owned companies Canada: free health care  Communism: Communism: political, social, economic ideology of “common” ownership of “means of production” Example: the Soviet Union 1917 - 1990  Marxist Communism: Marxist communism advocates for a classless, stateless society where the means of production are communally owned & controlled, aiming to eliminate economic inequality and exploitation. Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto in 1848 calling for the overthrow of capitalist societies & establishing collective ownership.  Communism: Marxist Communism: Believed workers (proletariat) would rise up in a series of revolutions to “seize the means of production.” (ex: factories)  Marxist Leninism: In 1917, the Russian Revolution produced the first major practicing “communist” government. Vladimir Lenin, the first leader of what would become the Soviet Union, created a new form of communism in which society is led by a “temporary doctorship.” The “temporary” became permanent under dictator Joseph Stalin.  Communism: Most communist countries led to dictatorships  Communist Dictatorships: Dictatorships control all aspects of life Fall of Communism: end of the Soviet Union – end of the Cold War – end of Communism?  Communist Dictatorships: Countries with Communist Governments today: China, Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos  Form: Oligarchy Oligarchy: rule by small usually wealthy group Royal families, rich elite, political parties  Form: Oligarchy Oligarchy - examples: Some describe Communist Parties as oligarchies  Form: Autocracy Autocracy: Rule by One Image by Lola Anamon from Pixabay Dictatorships, Absolute Monarchies  Which system of government shares power between a central & regional government? Federal System  Which system of government does the central government hold all of the power and delegate to local levels? Unitary Which system of government do the local states hold all the power with a weak central government? Confederate Which system of government chooses the executive from the legislative branch? Parliamentary Which form of government do the people hold the power? Democracy Which form of government is ruled by a king or a queen? Monarchy  Which form of government does the government take over certain businesses with the claim that it benefits the people? Socialism Which form of government is one person in charge? Autocracy Which form of government allows the people to vote on all of the issues? Direct Democracy Which form of government said the working people should control the "means of production"? Communism Which form of government is power held by a "wealthy few"? Oligarchy