Lesson 1: Introduction to Jose Rizal PDF

Lesson 1 Introduction to Jose Rizal Learning Objectives 1. To know who is Dr. Jose Rizal. 2. To be able to understand the Life of Rizal and Works of Rizal and Writings of Rizal.  Who is Jose Rizal Rizal is a unique example of a many-splendored genius who became the greatest Hero of a...

Lesson 1 Introduction to Jose Rizal Learning Objectives 1. To know who is Dr. Jose Rizal. 2. To be able to understand the Life of Rizal and Works of Rizal and Writings of Rizal.  Who is Jose Rizal Rizal is a unique example of a many-splendored genius who became the greatest Hero of a nation. Endowed by God with versatile gifts, he truly ranked with the world’s geniuses. Rizal was a physician (ophthalmic surgeon). Rizal was a poet, dramatist, essayist, novelist, historian, architect, painter, sculptor, educator, linguist, musician, naturalist, ethnologist, surveyor, engineer, farmer businessman, economist, geographer, cartographer, bibliophile, philologist, grammarian, folklorist, philosopher, translator, inventor, magician, humourist, satirist, polemicist, sportsman, traveller, and a prophet. Above and beyond all these, he was a hero and political martyr who consecrated his life for the redemption of his oppressed people. No wonder, he is now acclaimed as the national hero of the Philippines. Rizal was also a product of his time. Changes and historical events all over the world, particularly from the 19th to the early 20th centuries brought relevance and impact to the character of the person known in history as the “First Malayan Hero”. How was Rizal declared as a National Hero ❦Rizal declared as Philippine National Hero under the Philippine Revolutionary Government headed by Emilio Aguinaldo in Malolos, Bulacan was the first to celebrate the death anniversary of Dr. Jose Rizal on December 30, 1898. ❦December 30, 1898 this is the day was marked as the day for national mourning and solemn observance of the death anniversary of the Filipino National Hero. ❦Who selected Rizal? - Answer: Americans and Filipinos.  “Filipino Account” ❦An officer of the revolutionary government named Antonio Guevarra, who was sent to Lucban, Quezon in 1898, to accomplish a mission for the government wrote the following observations. ❦“The town was in mourning with a flag at half mast at each house. I learned it was in commemoration of the anniversary of the tragic killing of the eminent Doctor Jose Rizal at the hands of the Spaniards in the execution ground of Bagumbayan (now Luneta).  “American Account” ❦Mrs. Dauncey Compbell, she was an American Author who visited the Philippines in December 31, 1904, she noted that her observations while she was in Iloilo; she stated how the people in this place celebrated the death anniversary of Rizal. ❦“I think you may be amused to hear about a Filipino Fiesta, which took place yesterday called Rizal Day- the anniversary of the death of the national hero, a Filipino by the name of Doctor Jose Rizal”. Who choose Rizal to become a National Hero ❦He was chosen by the Taft Commission. The Taft Commission was given the responsibility to do the Job. ❦This Commission was headed by William Howard Taft. ∞ Members: ① Americans: W. Morgan Shuster, Bernard Moses, dean Warcester and Henry Clay. ② Filipinos: Jose Luzuriaga, Gregorio Araneta and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera Criteria: Of a National Hero ① He must be a Filipino. ② He is already Dead. ③ He has Immeasurable Love for the country. ④ He has Low Temper (since the Filipinos are emotional). ⑤ He died in Dramatic Manner. Rizal possesses all the criteria and then he became our National Hero. Why Rizal became the greatest national hero? ❦Rizal became the greatest Filipino because he is a man of honoured. ❦Even after death he received public worship because of his exceptional service to mankind. ❦We can say that before his execution, Rizal was already acclaimed by both Filipinos and Foreigners as the foremost leader of his people. ❦Among the foreigners who recognized Rizal as the leading Filipino of his time were Ferdinand Blumentritt, Dr, Reinhold Rost and Vicente Barantes. ❦Prof. Blumentritt told Dr. Viola in May 1887 that Rizal was the greatest product of the Philippines and that his coming to the world was like the appearance of a Rare Comet, who Rare Brilliance appears only other century. The birth of our National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal was born on June 19,1861 in Calamba Laguna. He was baptized in the catholic church in Calamba Laguna on June 22, 1861, by the parish priest Father Rufino Collantes. Rizal God Father – was father Pedro Casanas, a close friend of Rizal’s Family. His name “Jose” was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint “San Jose” or Saint Joseph. The Baptismal Certificate was signed and witness by Leoncio Lopez. The Governor- General of the Philippines at that time Jose Rizal was born ❦ Lieutenant- General Jose Lemery – He was the Governor- General of the Philippines at the time Jose Rizal was born; ∞ He was also the former Senator of Spain (member of the upper chamber of the Spanish Cortes). ∞He governed the Philippines from February 2, 1861- July 7, 1862. Family Background of Jose Rizal José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda Jose Rizal Parents ❦Jose Rizal was the 7th of the 11th children of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso Realonda. ❦ Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818-1898) – He was the father of Rizal. ∞ He was born on May 11, 1818 in Biñan, Laguna. His Father studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose Manila. ∞ Jose Rizal father died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the aged of 79. ❦Doña Teodora (Teodora Alonso Realonda) (1827-1911) – She was the mother of Rizal. o She was born on November 9, 1827 and was educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well- known College for girls in the City. ❦She knows Literature and speaks Spanish well and a Mathematician. ∞ She died on August 16, 1911, at the aged of 84. Children's ❦God Blessed the marriage of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso Realonda with Eleven (11) Children. ❦Two (2) Boys. ❦Nine (9) Girls. ∞These Children are as follows: ① Saturnina Rizal – (1850- 1913); o Saturnina Rizal Hidalgo ɣ Oldest of the Rizal Children, nickname Neneng. ɣ She married to Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas. ② Paciano Rizal – (1851- 1930); ɣ Older brother and confidant of Jose Rizal.  ɣ After Jose Rizal execution, Paciano joined the Philippine Revolution and became a combat general, after the Revolution. ɣ Then afterward, Paciano retired to his farm in Los Baños Laguna, where Paciano lived as a gentleman farmer. o Paciano died on April 13, 1930 at the aged of 79. ɣ Paciano had two (2) children a boy and a girl, with his mistress (Severina Decena). ③ Narcisa Rizal – (1852- 1939) ɣ Narcisa Rizal Lopez ɣ Her nickname was Sisa and she married to Antonio Lopez (Nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher of Morong. ④ Olimpia Rizal – (1855- 1887) ɣ Olimpia Rizal Ubaldo ɣ Her nickname was Ypia. o she married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila. ⑤ Lucia Rizal– (1857- 1919); ɣ Lucia Rizal Herbosa ɣ She married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a Nephew of Father Casanas. ɣ Herbosa died of Cholera in 1889 and was denied Christian burial and because he was a brother- in- law of Dr. Jose Rizal. ⑥ Maria Rizal – (1859- 1945) ɣ Maria Rizal Cruz ɣ Biang was her nickname. ɣ She married to Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan Laguna. ⑦ Jose Rizal – (1861- 1896) ɣ The greatest Filipino Hero and peerless genius. o His nickname was “Pepe”. ɣ During his exile in Dapitan he lived with Josephine Bracken, an Irish girl from Hong Kong. Rizal had a son by her, but his baby-boy died a few hours after his birth. ɣ But still Rizal named him “Francisco” after his father’s name and buried him in Dapitan. ⑧ Conception Rizal (1862- 1865) ɣ Her nickname was Concha o She died at the aged of 3. ɣ Her death was Jose Rizal first sorrow in life ⑨ Josefa Rizal (1865- 1945); ɣ Her nickname was Panggoy. ɣ She died at the aged of 80. ⑩ Trinidad Rizal (1868- 1951) ɣ Her nickname was Trining ɣ She died at the aged 83. ௹ Soledad Rizal (1870-1929) ɣ Soledad Rizal Quintero ɣ The youngest. ɣ Her nickname was Choleng. ɣ She married to Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba Rizal always called all her sisters as “Doña or Señora” if married and “Señorita” if Single or not yet married”. ∞ Example: * Doña Ypia * Señora Saturnina Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt, on June 23, 1888 while Rizal is in London. Rizal said that “His Brother Paciano was the most Noble Filipinos and though an “Indio”. ∞ Rizal describe “Indio” as more generous and nobleman. The Surname of Rizal ❦ The real surname of the Rizal family was Mercado which was used in the year 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great grand father of Dr. Jose Rizal), who was a full-blooded Chinese. ❦Rizal’s family acquired a second surname “Rizal” which was given by a Spanish Alcalde Mayor of Laguna, who was a family friend. ❦ Surename “Rizal” came from the word Ricial which means “green fields”. Rizal House ∞ The house of the Rizal family was one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba during Spanish times. ∞ It was a two-storey building, rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and hard-woods, and roofed with red tiles. ∞Behind the house were the poultry yard full of turkey’s and chickens and a big garden of tropical fruit trees- like, atis, balimbing, chico, macopa, papaya, santol, tampoy, etc. A Good and Middle- Class Family ∞ The Rizal family belonged to the “Principalia”, a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines. It was one of the distinguished families in Calamba. ∞They owned “carriage” which was a status symbol of the “ilustrados” in Spanish Philippines and a private library (the largest library in Calamba) which consists of more than 1,000 volumes. Home Life of Rizal’s Family ❦ The Rizal family had a simple, contented, and happy life. ❦Don Francisco and Doña Teodora loved their children very much, but they never spoiled them. ❦They were strict parents and they trained their children to love God, to behave well, to be obedient, and to respect people, especially the old folks. ❦Whenever their children, including Jose Rizal, got mischief, they were given a sound spanking. ❦The family believed in the maxim that “ Spare the rod and spoil the Child”. Rizal’s Childhood Years “The Town of Calamba” ∞As a young boy, Rizal had a pleasant memories of Calamba, the relief- giving breeze, the trees bearing fruit, flowers and birds of all sorts of nature allowed Rizal to enjoy, just like other little boys he played with in Calamba, Laguna. ∞ The Town’s name was derived from the local names of a big native jar called Calambanga. ∞The place was known in those days for the beauty of its nature, and its people who were hospitable, industrious, hardworking and delightful folks. ∞ The town of Calamba was almost entirely owned by the Dominican friars and majority of the native folks were its tenants, just like Jose Rizal’s father. ∞This Scenic hometown represented an alluring view in the consciousness of the young Jose Rizal that created a permanent reflection in his memory. ∞ Facing South of Calamba, is the legendary Mount Makiling, with its splendid view that did not escape Rizal’s eyes. ∞ Fishing ∞In the easy of the town is Laguna de Bay, with pristine waters and abode of fish of all sorts that captivated Jose Rizal as he cited these in his reminiscences. ꚙ Undoubtedly, the atmosphere of a quite provincial town contributed significantly to his intellectual formation.  Lesson 1.1 The Rizal Law Objectives ① Discuss the intention of the provisions of RA 1425. ② Explain the role of the implementers of the Rizal Law. ③ Discuss how the law is being implemented. ④ Identify the parties for and against the Rizal Bill of August 16, 1956. ⑤ Determine and discuss the issues in the debate over the Rizal Bill. ⑥ Discuss how the Rizal Law was passed. ⑦ Compare if the conditions and issues during Rizal’s time are still existing in the present. Why students are required to study the Life of Rizal and his works The Rizal was created as an Act of Congress of the Republic of the Philippines through R.A. No. 1425 on June 12, 1956. It was approved at the time of President Ramon Magsaysay. The title of the said law, “An Act to include in the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges and universities courses on the life, works, writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels, the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, Authorizing the printing and distribution thereof and for other purposes. In this Act, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of freedom and nationalism for which heroes lived and died. These are the values that past heroes believed in so strongly that they were willing to live and die for them. It’s a call to honor their sacrifices by embracing and upholding these ideals in our own lives.  The novels of Jose Rizal, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo are a constant and inspiring source of Patriotism. R.A. No. 1425, Section 1; Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in all curricula of all Schools, Colleges and Universities, Public or Private; Provided, that in the collegiate courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their English translation shall be used as a basic texts. R.A. No. 1425, Section 2; It shall be obligatory in all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate number of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal’s other works and biography. Xxxx… ❦ R.A. No. 1425, Section 3; The board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions, and cause them to be distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to read them, through the Purok Organizations and Barrio Councils throughout the country. ❦R.A. No. 1425, Section 6; This Act shall take effect upon its approval. ∞ Approved: June 12, 1956 ∞ House Bill No. 5561 ∞ Senate Bill No. 438 ∞ Published in the Official Gazette, Vol. 52, No. 6, page 2971 in June 1956. R.A. No. 1425 The purpose of the law is enunciated in its preamble. The preamble consists in the paragraph that begin with word “Whereas”. ① The preamble explains that there is a need for a rededication to the ideals of freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived and died for. ② Preamble identifies Rizal as one of those heroes who have devoted their lives and shaped the national character. ③ Preamble identifies Rizal’s novels the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo as an inspiring source of patriotism, which should be inculcated in the minds of young people especially in their formative years. ④ Preambles invokes the power of the which are required to teach its students morastate in supervising all educational institutions,l character, personal discipline, civic conscience and the duties of citizenship. The Story of Rizal Law ❦ In 1956 legislators seeing the need to promote nationalism and patriotism among the Filipinos, especially among the youth filled a bill. ❦The original Rizal bill was filed by Senator Claro M. Recto and it sponsored by Senator Jose P. Laurel who was a Chairman of the Committee. Since the purpose of the bill was to promote patriotism and nationalism, the senators saw no problem in legislating it in congress. It is supposed to be non- controversial considering its intention. Senate Bill 438 ❦ It is an Act to make Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo compulsory reading in all public and private colleges and universities and for other purpose. ¤ April 17, 1956, Senator Jose P. Laurel was the chairman of the Committee. ¤ Section 1 of Senate Bill 438; Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo are hereby declared compulsory reading matter in all public and private schools, colleges and universities in the Philippines. ¤ Section 3 of Senate Bill 438; The Department of Education shall take steps to promulgate rules and regulations for the immediate implementation of the provisions of this Act. ¤ Section 5 of Senate Bill 438; Any public or private college or university found violating, failing to comply with, or circumventing the provisions of this Act shall be punished accordingly. Penalties ❦ The head of any public college or university charged with implementing the provisions of this Act, who shall have been found guilty of violating, failing to comply with, or circumventing the provisions thereof shall be dismissed immediately from service and disqualified from teaching in any public or government recognized private school, college or university. ❦Government recognition of any private or university found violating or circumventing the provisions of this Act shall be immediately withdrawn, and the responsible, head and professor or professors concerned shall be disqualified from teaching in any Government recognized college or university. Oppositions of Rizal Bill ① The church had powerful allies on opposing the Rizal Bill, ② Senator Francisco “Soc” Rodrigo, he said that he would not allow his 17 year old son to read Rizal novels and he also denounced the Rizal Bill. ③ Congressman Miguel Cuenco, his speech contained views, opinions and theories attacking the dogmas, belief and practices of the church. He said a passage in the Noli Me Tangere, Rizal wrote “God cannot pardon a crime simply because we confess it to the priest (Noli, Sayo Ed. 1950, page 191). He mentioned that the novels of Rizal disparage devotion to the virgin Mary, the Saints, the use of scapulars, saying of rosaries, novenas, ejaculations and indulgenced prayers. ④ The catholic organizations such as the Accion Catolico (Catholic Action), who were composed of conservative Catholics, the knights of Columbus, the congregation of the mission and the catholic teachers' guild. ⑤ Priests and Nuns, many of whom were foreigners attended hearings in congress. Opponents of Rizal Bill ❦Father Jesus Cavanna; ∞ He said that Rizal’s novels painted a false picture of the conditions of the country in the 19th century. He also mentioned that if the Rizal Bill intended to promote patriotism and nationalism, that novels for required reading contained more anti-Church statements than nationalistic statements. ❦ Jesus Peredes; ∞ He said that the novels contained objectionable material and the Catholics have a right not to read them in order not to endanger their faith. ❦ Archbishop Rufino Santos ∞ He said in his pastoral letter a warning about disaffection of the youth on the church if the Rizal Bill was approved. Priests encouraged their parishioners to write their congressmen and senators to oppose the bill. Supporter of Rizal Bill ❦Father Horacio de la Costa, S.J.; ∞ A Jesuit scholar and historian. ∞He admitted that abuses did happen in the Catholic Church and there were historical mistakes committed by the Catholic Church. ∞As an organization composed of men, mistakes were bound to be committed. ∞He said that Riza’s works only exposed abuses within the Church, however that abuses were committed by individual clergymen and should not be treated as reflective of the entire clergy. Sources De Viana, Agusto (2019). Laon- Laan, A guide for study and understanding of the life and contributions of Jose Rizal to Philippine nationhood and society. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. Zaide & Zaide (2011). Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist and National Hero. 2nd Ed. All nations Publishing Co., Inc. Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines. J.A Lopez & A.E Paras.,(2010). Rizal Life Works and Writings of the Greatest Malayan 3rd Edition. HisGoPhil Publishing House, Inc. https://nicoleesdicul34.wixsite.com/my-site/post/jose-rizal-s- childhood Website https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white- house/presidents/william-howard-taft/ https://nicoleesdicul34.wixsite.com/my-site/post/jose-rizal-s- childhood https://www.quora.com/Do-you-think-Jose-Rizal-is-a-good- historical-figure-and-literary-hero https://ivyechano.wordpress.com/2016/03/05/the-dream-of-dr- jose-rizal/  https://www.gutenberg.org/files/48438/48438-h/48438-h.htm https://www.esquiremag.ph/the-good-life/pursuits/rizal-family- net-worth-a1957-20181020-lfrm https://www.facebook.com/47261762634/photos/why-rizals- house-turned-greenshortly-before-jose-rizals-birthday-last-year- the-p/373151002634/ https://www.facebook.com/RZL110A7G1/photos/a.54491006309 3331/544901143094223/?type=3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQ1seU800GM