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> Section 1: Nutrition Situation in the > Section 2: Philippine Development Plan (PDP) and Sustainable Development Goals Philippines (SDGs) > Section 3: The Philippine Plan for Action for Nutrition > Section 4: Macro- and Micronutrient Malnutrition > Discussion > Discussion > Discussion > Discussion - In the year 1974, a significant milestone in nutrition has transpired in the country. - Local Government Code of Republic Act (RA) The Presidential Decree No. 491, otherwise known as "Creating a National Nutrition - Macronutrients: nutrients that provide energy and needed by the 7160 in 1991: transferred the responsibility for - The Philippine Development Plan (PDP), just like national plans of other countries, contains Council," was enacted and signed on the 25th of June 1974. This law jump-started body in large quantities for maintenance of bodily functions and to health services to the Local Government Units the blueprint and serves as the roadmap for the country's development under a particular the centralization of national nutrition efforts under the Office of the President. carry out physical activities. Three types: protein, carbohydrates and (LGUs). administration or president. Through this law, a nutrition council was created composing of the following officials: fats - Micronutrients: vitamins and minerals. Needed in small amounts - Each LGU is headed by a local chief executive but very essential to the body. It helps the body produce enzymes, with executive and legislative powers and acts as - The recent PDP 2017-2022 is anchored on the Philippines' long-term vision, the AmBisyon hormones, and other substances essential for function, growth, and chair of the local nutrition committee. Natin 2040. Particularly it aims: 1. The Secretary, Department of Education and Culture development. * 1947 - EO No. 94: Creation of Philippine Institute of Nutrition (PIN) under the office of the President. Clearing house of data and information concerning - Malnutrition is a result of deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in nutrition. Organization of Philippine Association of a person's intake of energy and nutrients. It encompasses both Nutrition (PAN) * Inclusive growth 2. The Chairman-Coordinator, National Food and Agriculture Council undernutrition and overnutrition. * 1955: Organization of the Dietetics Association of the Philippines (DAP) currently known as - Undernutrition refers to chronic malnutrition, acute malnutrition, Nutritionist-Dietitian's Association of the Philippines and micronutrient deficiencies. In contrast, overnutrition constitutes (NDAP) * High trust 3. The Secretary, Department of Health obesity and being overweight. * 1958: Reorganization of PIN into the Food and Nutrition Research Center (FNRC) * Resilient society 4. The Chairman, National Science Development Board (check hand-out) * 1959: Establishment of Nutrition Foundation of the Philippines (NFP) * Globally competitive national economy 5. The Secretary, Department of Social Welfare * 1971: Establishment of Nutrition Foundation of the Philippines (NFP) 6. The Secretary, Department of Local Government and Community Development * 1974 - PD 491: Establishment of the National - The Ambisyon Natin 2040 is a long term plan designed by the Philippine government to Nutrition Council (NNC): designated July as serve as a guide for succeeding administration's development agenda. This long term plan will 'Nutrition Month'; Establishment of the Nutrition ensure that goals and visions of Filipinos by 2040 will not be hampered by political plays and Center of the Philippines (NCP) changing of administration every six years. (Masagana, Matatag, Maginhawa) 7. The Chairman of the Nutrition Foundation of the Philippines * 1975: Reorganization of FNRC into the Food and Nutrition Research Institute 8. President, Philippine Medical Association * 1977- PD 1569 Barangay Nutrition Scholar Decree: Creation of Barangay Nutrition Scholar - What is it relation to nutrition? The PDP contains the country's overall development and (BNS); PD 1286 of 1977: Regulation of the practice economic strategies, but it also contains targets and plans for addressing malnutrition issues 9. One other representative of the private sector to be appointed by the president of of NDs (requirement to take board examination) and some, if not all, of its causes. the Philippines * The third chapter of PDP 2023-2028 is devoted to the reduction of vulnerabilities and the protection of purchasing power of Filipinos. Human capital, after all, is the driver of economy * 1978: First National Nutrition Survey (NNS) and development as a whole. - In 1987, the EO No. 234 Reorganizing the National Nutrition Council was enacted to * 1983 - EO 51 (Milk Code): Regulation on transfer NNC from being an attached agency to Department of Agriculture to marketing of breast milk substitute; promotion of Department of Social Welfare and Development; and to amend its composition with a breastfeeding governing board, a secretariat, and with the following stakeholders: * 1987 - EO 128: Redefinition of the functions of FNRI upon reorganization of NSTA to DOST. Creating DOST and mandating that FNRI defines the nutritional status of the Filipino citizenry periodically. 1. Department of Social Welfare and Development - Chairman * 1991 - RA 7160 (The Local Government Code of 1991): Devolution of functions and personnel to local government units 2. Department of Agriculture * 2016 - RA 10862: Nutrition and Dietetics Law of 2016: Provision stregthening the profession and practice of Nutrition and Dietetics 3. Department of Health * 2018 - RA 11148 (Kalusugan at Nutrisyon ng Mag-Nanay Act): An act scaling up the national and local health and nutrition programs through a stregthened integrated strategy for maternal, neonatal, child health and nutrition in the first one thousan (1000) days of life, appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes. 4. Department of Education, Culture, and Sports 5. Department of Local Government - The National Nutrition Survey is a comprehensive survey conducted every five years since 1978. In-between the five years, the Updating Survey of the Nutritional Status of Children and Other Population Groups is conducted every 2-3 years to rapidly assess Filipinos' nutrition situation. 6. Department of Science and Technology - Stipulated in the PDP 2017-2022 is prioritizing the reduction of underweight, stunting and wasting among children by ensuring that underserved families will be reached with appropriate nutrition interventions. 7. Department of Budget and Management - The current NNS components include: clinical and health, socio-economic, government program, food security, maternal health, IYCF, anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary - Strategies: 8. Department of Labor and Employment 1. Modernization of agriculture and agribusiness 9. Department of Trade and Industry - The results of the ENNS will serve as basis for planning and decision-making. It can also help the country track and deliver its global commitment to health and nutrition, particularly the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2. Revitalization of industries 10. National Economic and Development Authority; and, 11. Three representatives from the private sector to be appointed by the president of 3. Reinvigoration of services the Philippines - The ENNS results have revealed that more efforts should be directed in addressing the following: 4. Promotion and improvement of lifelong learning and education - With the passged of AO No. 88 of 1988, the NNC was returned as an attached agency of the Department of Agriculture (DA). In 2005, EO No. 472 assigned the DOH as the chair of NNC, with the Department of Agriculture (DA) and DILG as vice- 1. Reducing stunting among 0-5 years old children 5. Promotion of health chairs 2. Increasing the prevalence of 6-23 months old - The National Nutrition Council (NNC) is the highest policy making and children who have Minimum Acceptable Diet 6. Establishment of livable communities coordinating body on nutrition. - As a policy and coordinating body for nutrition, the NNC's core functions revolve on: the formulation of national policies on food and nutrition; coordinate and provide technical assistance in planning, monitoring, and evaluation of nutrition programs; coordinate hunger mitigation and prevention of malnutrition in support of the global commitments; build capacities and competencies of nutrition stakeholders through capacity building and skills development; coordinate the release of resources such as 3. Reducing the prevalence of overweight across all funds and loans for nutrition programs; acts as a liaison with other govt organization, age groups 7. Ensuring food security and proper nutrition private sectors, and other institutions when the needs for resources for nutrition arise. 4. Reducing anemia among women of reproductive age 8. Strengthening social protection 5. Increasing levels of iodine among pregnant and lactating women 9. Increasing income-earning ability of workforce 6. Reducing the consumption of alcohol and tobacco 10. Digitalization 7. Reducing physical inactivity among adults 11. Public-private partnerships 12. Servification - The stunting among 0-5 years old children has decreased by 1% annually from 2015 to 2018. In 2013 (30.3%), 2015 (33.4%), 2018 (30.3%), 2019 (28.8%), and 2021 (26.7%). There is a need for a 2.2% reduction per year to achieve the 21.4% PPAN target by 2028. In terrms of global commitment through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a reduction of 2.5% per year is needed until 2030. 13. Dynamic innovation ecosystem 14. Enhanced connectivity - Wasting among 0-5 years old children continues to decrease from 2013 (8.0%), 2015 (7.2%), 2018 (5.6%) -- From 2015, there is a 0.5% reduction per year. Nevertheless, the prevalence rates showed a minor uptick in 2019 at 5.8%, followed by a reduction to 5.5% in 2021. PPAN targets can be achieved by 2028 if there will be a 0.2% reduction per year, while 0.5% reduction per year is needed to achieve the SDG commitment. - Through the years, the PPAN and its component programs have evolved to cope with the country's nutrition landscape changes. The Philippine Nutritional Program in 1974 was composed of five interventions scheme, namely: health protection, food assistance, food production, nutrition education, and family planning. Later, the transition from PFNP to PPAN employed two strategies: promotion of household food - What about international commitments? In September 2000, the UN Assembly adopted security and prevention, control, elimination of micronutrient malnutrition. The the UN Millenium Declaration. A total of 189 countries, including the Philippines, have implementation dealth with five impact programs: home and community food committed to working together for a common global agenda that would address major root production, micronutrient supplementation and food fortification, credit assistance for causes of poverty and injustice, which hamper progress and development. livelihood, nutrition education, and food assistance. - Overweight 0-5 years old children have increased from 3.9% in 2015 to 4.0% in 2018. In 2019, there was a decrease in prevalence by 2.9%, followed by - The Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) have eight set goal, 18- targets and 48 an increase of 3.9% in 2021. Adults - 30.2% in indicators. Nations who have committed bound themselves to allocate national efforts and - The distinct feature of the current PPAN is its categorization of programs according 2021. resources to achieve these set goals by the year 2015. The MDGs are the following: to its nature and how it responds to the existing malnutrition problem. 1. Nutrition Specific Programs: are interventions that are designed as nutrition 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger programs and address the immediate causes of malnutrition. 2. Nutrition Sensitive Programs: are interventions that are not nutrition programs by nature but can contribute to addressing underlying causes of malnutrition. This could - Anemia 10.0% among 20-59 years old women. An be a development or sectoral program that is purposely tweaked to help address the annual decrease of 0.9% is needed to achieve the malnutrition problem in the community where it is implemented. An example of this is 6% PPAN target. 2. Achieve universal primary education the farm-to-market road program headed by the Department of Agriculture. 3. Promote gender equality and empower women - MAD -- PPAN target of 22.5% of 6-23 months old children meeting the minimum acceptable diet. Most recent data is 13.3%. 4. Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health - Causal framework: a tooll that can help identify and understand the immediate causes, underlying causes, and basic causes of a problem such as malnutrition. This can help program planners decide on appropriate interventions. 6. Fewer people to contract HIV/AIDS and malaria each year 7. Ensure environmental sustainablity 8. Global partnership for development - During the United Nations Sustainable Development on the 25th of September 2015, world leaders adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. - The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or Global Goals are built upon the MDG's progress while recognizing the developmental problems such as poverty still exist. Its principle is based on the inclusion and ensuring that no one is left behind. - The 17 SDGs are integrated thus, any action or inaction to one goal affects the outcome of another goal. 1. No poverty 2. Zero hunger 3. Good health and well-being 4. Quality education 5. Gender equality 6. Clean water and sanitation 7. Affordable and clean energy 8. Decent work and economic growth 9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure 10. Reduced inequalities 11. Sustainable cities and communities 12. Responsible consumption and production. 13. Climate action 14. Life below water 15. Life on land 16. Peace, justice and strong institutions 17. Partnership goals - Where is nutrition in MDGs and SDGs? Nutrition is linked to most Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). Although nutrition indicators of prevalence of underweight children under five years of age can only be found in MDG 1: Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger, nutrition has links to other MDGs.