Pharmacology PDF - BSN NUR231

PHARMACOLOGY Prof. Dela Cruz | 1st Sem | BSN 2 - NUR231 - “What does the body do to the INTRODUCTION drug?” DID YOU KNOW THAT ASPIRIN CAN DO HARMFUL Pharmacotherap...

PHARMACOLOGY Prof. Dela Cruz | 1st Sem | BSN 2 - NUR231 - “What does the body do to the INTRODUCTION drug?” DID YOU KNOW THAT ASPIRIN CAN DO HARMFUL Pharmacotherapeutics EFFECTS ON CHILDREN? - Use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, and treat disease, or to prevent - REYE’S SYNDROME is a rare fatal pregnancy pediatric illness, caused by aspirin in young - Medical use of drugs. people and children under 16 years old. It causes Acute inflammatory encephalitis and Pharmacognosy fatty liver. - Study of drugs that are obtained from natural plants and animal WHY DO A LOT OF MIDDLE AGED AND ELDERS TAKE ASPIRIN? resources. - Ex. Papaver Somniferum. - Prevention of Cardiovascular disease -> Aspirin intake -> Mechanism of action (Anti Pharmacopoeia platelet drug) -> Clotting factor -> Blood - Medical reference summarizing the thinner -> Decreased PLT count or platelet standards of drug, purity, strength, count -> Increases bleeding time and directions of synthesis. - Low dose of Aspirin -> Risk of stroke and Pharmacogenesis intracerebral bleeding in seniors - Scientific discipline studying effects of drugs, action varies from a TERMINOLOGIES predicted drug response because of genetic factors on hereditary Pharmacology - Pharmakon “ drugs” , logos influence. “science” - Genetic factors can alter metabolism - Study of drugs and their of drugs. interactions with living systems encompasses the study of physical and chemical as well as their biochemical and physiologic effects. Pharmaceutics - Science of preparing and dispensing drugs. Pharmacodynamics - Impacts of drugs in the body. - “What does the drug do to the Some people are less or more sensitive to a body?” drug because of genetic factors Pharmacokinetics - Drug movements - Drug distribution to the body - Rate of drug distribution ASHIES TRANSES @2024 1 PHARMACOLOGY | BSN NUR231 “ One size fits all” but they don’t work the - Every medication has side effects. same way for everyone. Older people have lesser/slower metabolism. Adverse reactions Also babies, because their organs are not - Severe than the side effects. fully developed to metabolize. - Range from untoward effects that can cause Anaphylaxis, - It must always be recorded and documented. Drug - Dutch word “Droog” meaning Drug tolerance “dry” - Decreased responsiveness over the course of therapy. Therapeutic Drugs - Less response to drugs. - Often called medicines. - Ex: Drug tolerance to narcotics can - Used for prevention or treatment result in decreased pain relief for the medicine/medication. patient. - Substance administered/ after a drug is administered it is called ‘medication’. Medical Prescription - It is a written direction. - ‘ Rx’ - Recipe meaning ‘to take’ Therapeutic effect - Desired effect/reason the drug is prescribed. - Primary intended. Allergic Reactions - Acquired hyper response of the body’s defenses to a foreign substance (Allergen) Anaphylaxis - Severe type of allergic reaction. - Involves the massive, systematic release of histamine. - Histamine- Causes many symptoms of allergies, such as a runny nose or sneezing. Side effects - Physiologic effects not related to desired drug effects. - Secondary effects of a drug and is Unintended. - Ex. Diphenhydramine HCL (Bendryl) given bedtime because of its side effects of drowsiness. 2 PHARMACOLOGY | BSN NUR231 3