L3Harris Performance Runways And The Take-Off PDF 2021

Use of U.S. DoD visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement PERFORMANCE Runways and the Take-Off 19.03.2021 V2.0 Disclaimer © 2020 L3 CTS Airline and Academy Training Limited All rights are reserved. This document and the information...

Use of U.S. DoD visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement PERFORMANCE Runways and the Take-Off 19.03.2021 V2.0 Disclaimer © 2020 L3 CTS Airline and Academy Training Limited All rights are reserved. This document and the information it contains is the property of L3Harris and are confidential. This document and the information it contains shall not be disclosed, reproduced or transferred in any way without the prior written consent of L3Harris. L3HARRIS Proprietary Information  RUNWAYS By Vivek Doshi on Unsplash.com PERFORMANCE DAY 1 3 Definitions L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 4 TODA Calculation Question 1 TORA = 2100 m The TODA is: Clearway = 500 m What is TODA? 2600 m TORA + Clearway OR TORA x 1.5 Question 2 TORA = 3150 ft Whichever is smaller Clearway = 1800 ft What is TODA? 4725 ft L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 5 Balanced runway When TODA = ASDA, occurs when: Stopway = Clearway No Stopway or Clearway A runway can be made to be balanced if you deliberately ignore parts of the stopway and/or clearway What are the advantages of this? L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 6 Runway Line Up TORA The correct During line up a small amount of the TORA is intersection for lost. This needs to be accounted for during line up needs to any performance calculations. It is accounted be chosen. for by the EFB when it is used for a calculation. L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 7 Runways L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 8 Runways L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 9 Runways L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 10 Runways L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 11 Runways L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 12 Runways L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 13 Runways L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 14 Runways L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 15 Runways L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 16 L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 17 L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 18 RLTOM Runway limited take-off mass: The greatest mass that can be taken based on the length of the runway What needs to be considered to calculate this? TORA ASDA TODA Flap setting Reverse thrust (NO for a dry runway, YES for a wet runway) What else? L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 19 Met considerations In calculations the following must be taken into account: Pressure altitude Density altitude Ambient temperature Wind Not more than 50% of the reported headwind component Not less than 150% of the reported tailwind component L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 20 Wind Calculations (Fig 4.1) Example: Runway 24 Wind 300/15kt 7kt headwind Practice Question: Runway 07L Wind 190/10kt 13kt x-wind 21 L3HARRIS Proprietary Information Wind Calculations (Fig 4.1) An aircraft has a max tailwind component of 10 kt. If the aircraft is using runway 04 and the wind is coming from 270 degrees. What is the maximum wind velocity that can be accepted? 16 kt 22 L3HARRIS Proprietary Information  Other Methods of Determining Wind Components (MDR) The full value of the Clock Rule wind is crosswind Angle between 60° wind and runway Use this angle for a headwind Direction of T/O or Landing Three quarters of the A quarter of the total value is 45° 15° total value is crosswind crosswind Use this angle for a Tailwind 30° Half of the total value is crosswind L3HARRIS Proprietary Information  Other Methods of Determining Wind Components (Mathematically) Trigonometry 𝑥 − 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 × sin(𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑢𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑦) Use this angle for a headwind Direction of T/O or Landing ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 × cos(𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑢𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑦) Use this angle for a Tailwind L3HARRIS PRESENTATION TITLE (USE INSERT > HEADER & FOOTER TO EDIT FOR ALL SLIDES) Proprietary Information 24 More definitions TORA: Take-off run available: What is physically available, the physical length of the runway TOR: Take-off run: The distance you will actually use TORR: Take-off run required: The minimum legal requirement, the runway must be at least this long, includes a safety margin The same naming convention can be applied to TODA, TOD, TODR, ASDA, ASD, ASDR etc. L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 25 Effect of slope Upslope Downslope TOR Increases Decreases TOD Increases Decreases ASD Increases Decreases LD Decreases Increases Stopping distance Decreases Increases Distance will be increased by 5% for every 1% of slope. Only the disadvantageous slope should be considered in this way L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 26 Calculating slope Threshold: 210 ft Threshold: 98 ft 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = × 100 𝑇𝑂𝑅𝐴 (210 − 98) 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = × 100 7000 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 1.6% L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 27 PCN Pavement Classification Number: Gives you an idea of how strong a surface is. A number and code are given for runways/taxiways/aprons etc. PCN90 / R / A / W / T The pavement may be Rigid (R) or Flexible (F) This data is found on the airport plates. PERFORMANCE DAY 1 L3HARRIS Proprietary Information 28 ACN Aircraft Classification Number: Represents the force being applied to a surface by the aircraft. The ACN should be equal to or small than the PCN. An ACN for rigid or flexible runways can be calculated. A rigid runway ACN can only be compared to a rigid runway PCN. A flexible runway ACN can only be compared to a flexible runway PCN. L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 29 Overload Operations %ACN exceeds PCN Associated Conditions 10% Pavement older than 12 months No visible signs of damage Overload operations are no greater than 5% of the annual movements 10-25% All of the above Regular inspections by the aerodrome authority Immediate cessation of overload operations if damage becomes visible 25-50% Inspection of pavement before and after each overload movement Over 50% Emergency use only L3HARRIS PERFORMANCE DAY 1 Proprietary Information 30 PERFORMANCE DAY 1 31