Respiratory & Cardiovascular Systems PDF

Respiratory & Cardiovascular systems By Dr. Safa Ahmed  Respiratory system It is divided structurally into: 1. Upper respiratory tract: nose and pharynx and larynx. 2. Lower respiratory tract: trachea,...

Respiratory & Cardiovascular systems By Dr. Safa Ahmed  Respiratory system It is divided structurally into: 1. Upper respiratory tract: nose and pharynx and larynx. 2. Lower respiratory tract: trachea, bronchial tree and lungs.  Nose First part of the respiratory tract. Function: 1. Airway for respiration 2. Olfaction.  Pharynx ((‫البلعوم‬ Is a skeletal muscle. It is divided into: 1. Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx  Larynx (‫)الحنجرة‬ Is called the voice box Function: 1. To direct the air and food into the proper channels. 2. Voice production  The bronchial tree The trachea delivers inspired air coming from the pharynx. It divides into right &left bronchus. Each bronchus further divides many times until they become small branches which are called bronchioles Bronchioles further divides into smaller branches until they are called the alveoli.( TRACHEA----BRONCHI---- BRONCHIOLES-----ALVEOLI). Gas exchanges takes place at the alveoli.  The lungs Right lung is bigger and has 3 lobes Left lung is smaller and have 2 lobes Upper part of the lung is called the apex and the lower part is called the base, the base rests on the diaphragm ‫الحجاب الحاجز‬ The medial part of the lung contains the hilum through which the bronchi, blood vessels, and lymph nodes pass to the lungs. Function: gas exchange: importing oxygen and exporting carbon dioxide.  The heart A muscular organ which pumps blood. The heart, arteries and veins form the cardiovascular system. It is composed of a right and a left side , which are separated by a thick septum. There are 4 chambers in the heart: right and left atria, right and left ventricles  The heart There are 4 valves in the heart: Aortic Pulmonary Tricuspid Mitral There are 2 kinds of circulations : -Systemic circulation: oxygenated blood in the left ventricle>>>>aorta>>> arteries>>> capillaries>>>>venous blood(full of CO2 and waste products>>>>inferior vena cava>>>right atrium. The pulmonary circulation: deoxygenated blood (with CO2) in the right atrium>>>>right ventricle>>>pulmonary arteries>>>> lung alveoli (oxygenation)>>>>>pulmonary veins >>>>> left atrium.  The great vessels They are blood vessels (arteries& veins) which are connected directly to the heart. They include the following: 1. Aorta: it is the largest artery in the body. It originates from the left ventricle through the aortic valve. It distributes oxygenated blood to all body parts except the lungs. 2. Pulmonary artery: it originates from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve. It carries deoxgenated blood to the lung. There is right and left pulmonary arteries 1. Superior and inferior vena cava:They bring deoxygenated blood from all body parts to the right atrium. 2. Pulmonary vein:they are 4 in number and they bring oxygenated blood from the lung to the left atrium. 2 from each lung. Thank you