PC-HARDWARE-COMPONENTS.pdf
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PC HARDWARE COMPONENTS OBJECTIVES At the end of the activity, you must be able to; 1. Identify the basic terms, concepts, functions and characteristics of hardware components. 2. Recognize the functions of parts of computers. 3. 3. Identify the different characteristics of computer. ...
PC HARDWARE COMPONENTS OBJECTIVES At the end of the activity, you must be able to; 1. Identify the basic terms, concepts, functions and characteristics of hardware components. 2. Recognize the functions of parts of computers. 3. 3. Identify the different characteristics of computer. What is a Computer? isa machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Its principal characteristics are: 1. It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. 2. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). 3. It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data. The actual machinery (wires, transistors, and circuits) is called hardware; The instructions and data are called software. TYPES OF COMPUTERS WORKSTATION a special computer designed for technical or scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi- user operating systems DESKTOP COMPUTER Refers specifically to a horizontally- oriented case, usually intended to have the display screen placed on top to save space on the desk top. HOME THEATER PC (HTPC) isa convergence device that combines the functions of a personal computer and a digital video recorder. It is connected a television- sized computer display and is often used as a digital photo, music, video player, TV receiver and digital video recorder. Computer Hardware Known as the resources that includes the physical parts of a computer. Major parts/components of a Computer: System Unit Central Processing Unit/Microprocessor (CPU) Mother Board Memory (RAM) Storage such as Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and CD and DVD drives Power Supply Unit (PSU) Monitor System Unit CPU The core of a computer Which acts as system. Usually it's a the "brain" of rectangular box placed on computer. or underneath your desk. Executes and interprets programs, and processes data CPU A computer CPU is measured in megahertz (Mhz) and more recently gigahertz (Ghz). This is generally called the clock speed of the CPU. The higher the amount of hertz the greater amounts of cycles can be completed and more information will be processed. However, along with faster processors comes more heat and thus bigger and better fans have been placed onto CPUs to keep them cooler. CPU SOCKET SPECIFICATION Only 3 CPU sockets stand up. The socket 775 from Intel and the socket AM2 and AM2+ from AMD. Intel Socket 775 Intel switched back with the LGA form to avoid the bending problem that was happening with the PGA form. Also the LGA form offers better contacts with the socket's pins, resulting of an improvement from the FSB to 1600 MT/s. Intel LGA775 Processor Family: P4, Extreme, Celeron, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad and Xeon with GHz ranging from 1.86 to 3.80. CPU SOCKET SPECIFICATION AMD Socket AM2 Socket AM2 has been introduced to replace the socket 939 and socket 754. Processor Family: Athlon, Opteron, Sempron and Phenom Type of Processor PGA type only AMD PGA AM2 Mother Board (Alternativelyknown as the mainboard, main circuit board, system board, baseboard, planar board or logic board or colloquially, a mobo) “Back bone" of the computer Main printed circuit board (PCB) found in general purpose computers and other expandable systems. Itholds, and allows, communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. PARTS OF THE MOTHERBOARD TYPES OF MOTHERBOARD Parts of the Motherboard I/O Ports or Rear Ports Expansion Slots (PCI, AGP, Rear Ports PCIe x1, PCIe x16) (PS2,USB,VGA,DVI,AUDIO Memory Slots ( SDRAM, PORTS,LAN PORT) DDR1,DDR2,DDR3,DDR4) Drive Connectors (SATA, IDE, Processor Slot (PGA,LGA) FDD) Chipsets(Northbridge and Front Panel ( PS On, Reset, HDD/Power Lead) Southbridge) Supply Connectors (PSU CMOS/BIOS Battery connector) CMOS/BIOS IC CPU Fan Connector Expansion Slots (PCI, AGP, PCIe x1, PCIe x16) 32 bit slots Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) are used to install sound cards, graphic cards, Ethernet cards and modems. The motherboard parts Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) and PCI Epress (PCIe) focus on graphic cards only. AGP standards use x2, x4 or x8 technologies. AGP 8 being the best, it is highly boosting your graphics and video performances. In Comparison with his old brother PCI, it is day and night. PCIe standard is even better than AGP standard, and mostly the only one used right now. Some like to say, PCIe is a AGP standard at x16 and it is the #1 choice for gaming machines right now. Memory Slots ( SDRAM, DDR1,DDR2,DDR3,DDR4) Memory banks are for Random Access Memory modules (RAM). Processor Slot/Socket (PGA,LGA) Pin Grid Array (PGA) -The CPU will have pins to fit in the socket holes Land Grid Array (LGA) -the CPU will not have such pins and will just sit on the socket 2 types of CPU : Intel and AMD Chipsets Northbridge Southbridge North of the PCI slots South of the PCI slots Closest to the CPU I/O Controller HUB (ICH). Memory Controller Hub. It is a type of microchip task Assigned to manage and to control all the I/O devices control the computer memory of the computer. Such as the before the processing of the keyboard and mouse. CPU chip. Southbridge Handles the slower traffic on the computer, or the I/O (in and out) devices. I/O Controller Hub (ICH) or Platform Controller Hub (PCH). CMOS/BIOS Battery theCMOS/BIOS battery is hold, So that it can provide 3 volts direct current/voltage to the CMOS IC. CMOS-Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor BIOS-Basic Input/output System. Is a set of a program stored in CMOS IC, use to preserved the BIOS configuration of the computer CMOS/BIOS IC Thisis the type of BIOS IC being use by the computer MOBO.A set of a program being installed in this IC to preserved the BIOS configuration settings of the computer. Such as the speed of the CPU chip and RAM, etc. I/O Ports or Rear Ports Located in the rear panel of the CPU. This use to connect the outside hardware or peripherals of the computer. PS/2 PORTS VGA PORT These are used to connect the Video Graphics Array (VGA) mouse (green color)and the connector keyboard(purple color) USB Ports LAN PORT These are the ports of the USB Local Area Network of the devices of the computer. computer. This is use to connect Attached externally of the the numbers of node or system unit, one of that is the workstations (PC) to form a local USB flash drive. area network of the computer with in their area. Using the type of communication media such as the network switch and router. AUDIO PORT Use to connect the speaker, mic, and MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface) device of the computer Drive Connectors (SATA, IDE) SATA (SERIAL ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY ATTACHMENT) CONNECTOR – The new standard of the IDE connection array of the computer HDD (SATA HDD) to the motherboard system. Drive Connectors (SATA, IDE) IDECONNECTOR (Integrated Drive Electronics) This connector is use to connect the IDE cable of the HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or CD/DVD ROM to the Motherboard IDE. Front Panel ( PS On, Reset, HDD/Power Lead) The front panel header (F-PANEL) Use to connect the Power LED, HDD LED, Power Switch and Reset switch of the computer system unit(CPU). Supply Connectors (PSU connector) Main power connectors are plugged to the motherboard. The connector with 20 pins may be used on ATX motherboards and the connector with 4 pins is used for extra power for CPU CPU Fan Connector A three or 4 pins connector where the CPU fan plugs in. This both powers the fan and controls the fan sped and power-up cycles. Memory (RAM) Primary memory. This memory is used inside the computer to hold programs and data while it is running. Partof computer‘s Main Memory which is directly accessible by CPU. RAM is used to Read and Write data into it which is accessed by CPU randomly. RAM is volatile in nature Two Forms of Memory (RAM) SRAM (Static RAM) - DRAM (Dynamic RAM) - stores the SRAM memories consist binary information in the form of of circuits capable of electric charges that applied to retaining the stored capacitors. The stored information information as long as on the capacitors tends to lose over the power is applied. a period of time and thus the That means this type of capacitors must be periodically memory requires recharged to retain their usage. The constant power. SRAM main memory is generally made up memories are used to of DRAM chips. build Cache Memory. TYPES OF DRAM ASYNCHRONOUS DRAM (ADRAM) SYNCHRONOUS DRAM (SDRAM) DOUBLE-DATA-RATE SDRAM (DDR SDRAM)- This faster version of SDRAM performs its operations on both edges of the clock signal RAMBUS DRAM (RDRAM)- Provides a very high data transfer rate over a narrow CPU memory bus. CACHE DRAM (CDRAM) CACHE DRAM (CDRAM) USES OF RAM RAM is utilized in the computer as a scratchpad, buffer, and main memory. It offers a fast operating speed. It is also popular for its compatibility It offers low power dissipation Storage - Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and CD and DVD drives Isthe storage facility of computer. It stores every program installed and every changed that is saved. Serve as data storage holding the operating system, softwares and any other data you may put in. Types of Hard Disk Drive IDE : Integrated Drive Electronics. IDE drives are also known as PATA drives (Parallel advance technology attachment) SATA - Serial advance technology attachment LATEST HDD Kinds of HDD Internal - All the hard drives that are inside a computer are called internal hard drives. External - sit outside the computer in a case and they connect to the computer through USB, Firewire or eSata. Power Supply Unit (PSU) Power Supply Unit, converts outlet power, which is alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) which is what the internal components require, as well as providing appropriate voltages and currents for the various internal components VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT / MONITOR Piece of electrical equipment, usually separate from the computer case, which displays viewable images generated by a computer without producing a permanent record. Other Peripherals Piece of computer hardware that is added to a computer in order to expand its abilities. Used to describe those devices that are optional in nature, as opposed to hardware that is either demanded or always required in principle. Other Peripherals Keyboards Arrangement of buttons that each correspond to a function, letter, or number. They are the primary devices of inputting text. Mouse small, slidable device that users hold and slide around to point at, click on, and sometimes drag objects on screen in a graphical user interface using a pointer on screen. It is a hand- held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. Other Peripherals Printer external hardware output device that takes the electronic data stored on a computer or other device and generates a hard copy of it. Scanner image scanner- is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting or an object and converts it to a digital image. Other Peripherals Speaker is an output hardware device that connects to a computer to generate sound. The signal used to produce the sound that comes from a computer speaker is created by the computer's sound card. Other Peripherals Microphone is a device that captures audio by converting sound waves into an electrical signal. This signal can be amplified as an analog signal or may be converted to a digital signal, which can be processed by a computer or other digital audio device. EXPANSION CARDS Add-on card, internal card or interface adapter, an expansion card is an electronic board or card added in a desktop computer or other non- portable computer to give that computer a new ability, such as the ability to connect to another computer using a network cable. PCI CONNECTORS BUS PCI-EXPRESS CONNECTOR BUS
