Mobility Disorders PDF
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Summary
This document provides an overview of various mobility disorders, including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It details symptoms, risk factors, and, where relevant, diagnoses and treatments for these conditions. The information is intended for professionals seeking a general understanding.
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DISORDERS OF MOBILITY usculoskeletal system supports body weight, controls movements, provides stability as well as allows gross and five movements working with M the circulatory and nervous system. Coordinated by CNS with nerves innervating muscles. Conditions that limit mobility include pa...
DISORDERS OF MOBILITY usculoskeletal system supports body weight, controls movements, provides stability as well as allows gross and five movements working with M the circulatory and nervous system. Coordinated by CNS with nerves innervating muscles. Conditions that limit mobility include pain, fatigue, respiratory disorders cardiovascular disorders, nervous system disorders, injury arkinson Diseaseis an idiopathic, chronic, progressivedegenerative disorder of the CNS that has motor, nonmotor, and neuropsychiatric P manifestation affecting individuals over 50. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder Some conditions that cause secondary parkinsonism include head trauma, toxins, metabolic disorders, infection, stroke Loss of dopamine, 90% idiopathic and 10% genetic Increased risk factors include increased age, male, exposure to pesticides, metals, family history, and genetic mutations Treatment includes pharmacological replenishment with dopaminergic drugs (dopamine agonist, amantadine, catechol o methyltransferase inhibitors) as well as ablation surgery, deep brain stimulation, complementary and supportive therapies Manifestations: otor M Tremor - Pill rolling resting tremor of hand - Tremor of lips, chin, jaw, tongue, legs Rigidity - Increased muscle stiffness and tone - Cogwheeling Bradykinesia Postural instability onmotor N Fatigue, sleep disturbances Olfactory dysfunction Pain Autonomic dysfunction Neuropsychiatric symptoms - Cognitive dysfunction, dementia, psychosis, hallucinations - Mood disorders, depression, anxiety Multiple Sclerosis Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Lou Gehring disease rogressive chronic, autoimmune (theorized) P inflammatory, demyelinating and axonal degenerative disorder of CNS rogressive neurodegenerative disease that causes weakness, disability and death P within 3 to 5 years Neurodegenerative isk factors include age 20-50, women, more common in R - Upper motor neurons in corticospinal tract caucasians or northern europe descent, geography related - Lower motor neurons in anterior horn cells of spinal cord to latitude genetics, cause unknown isk factors include age (60-69), caucasian males, family history (about 5-10% Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis - stable for R of cases are inherited) 10-20 years Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis - Manifestations gradual worsening with or without occasional Insidious onset relapses, minor remissions, plateaus Slowly progressive, painless weakness in one or more body parts Primary progressive multiple sclerosis - progressive deficits with occasional plateaus, Upper and lower motor neuron signs and symptoms temporary improvements or acute relapses Bulbar dysfunction Frontotemporal executive dysfunction Manifestations include sensory symptoms in extremities/ face, visual loss, double vision, nystagmus, weakness vertigo, gait and balance disturbances, bladder problems, pain, dysarthria, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction Diagnosis Demonstration of CNS lesions disseminated in time and space MRI - McDonald criteria, EEG Blood test to rule of other disorders Diagnosis E voked potentials recording timing of CNS response to various stimuli Lumbar puncture Treatment Immunomodulatory therapy - slows progress Education - avoid live attenuated vaccines Spasticity ○ Physical therapy, routine stretching program, medications, nerve blocks B aked primarily on clinical manifestation Tests: MRI/ CT of brain, electromyography, nerve conduction studies, muscle and nerve biopsy Treatment Riluzole (glutamate pathway antagonist) Noninvasive ventilation Percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy tube feeding Medications to relieve symptoms and maximize remaining function Multidisciplinary approach for care untington diseaseis a progressive, incurable, neurodegenerativedisease of the brain, autosomal dominant inherited. There is a neuronal loss in H the cerebral cortex and varying degrees of atrophy in other areas in the midbrain and cerebellum. Causes uncontrolled involuntary movements, dementia, behavior changes with and onset of symptoms between 35 to 44 ears lasting a mean of 19 years Primary causes of death: pneumonia and cardiovascular diseases anifestations: M Involuntary movements Chorea Parkinsonian features Akinetic rigid syndrome Dysarthria, dysphagia Abnormal eye movements Tics Myoclonus Cognitive impairment Short term memory loss Impaired intellectual function Dementia psychiatric manifestations Diagnosis: Genetically proved family history Clinical presentation MRI and CT scan to measure brain atrophy Referral to neurologist specialized in area Behavior changes Irritability, moodiness, depression, OCD Untidiness Antisocial disorder Apathy Treatment: Reduce symptoms and improve quality of life ○ Tetrabenazine for chorea ○ Antidepressant or antipsychotic medications ○ Levodopa or dopamine agonist medication eizures disorderis an abnormal electrical discharge within rain resulting in involuntary movements the encompasses entire body or just certain S muscle groups and or behavior and sensory alterations. Can include changes in level of consciousness, behavior, or sensory perception linical manifestations include loss of conscious awareness of environment, varying patterns of muscular rigidity and relaxation, aura C Generalized seizures tatus epilepticus is a life threatening S conditions involved and enhanced and sustained electrical activity over 30 minutes There is an increase neuronal excitation with reduced inhibition Interventions Establish and maintain an open airway - PRIORITY Pad the bed frame to protect from injury. Document characteristics of the seizure. Administer 50% glucose iagnosis: D Lab tests - Complete blood cells count, blood chemistry, urine culture, lumbar puncture - EEG, CT, MRI and angiography - Lead level, toxicology screening Treatment: - Anti Seizure medications - Surgical interventions
