Oral Comm 2nd Quarter PDF Notes

Propr ORAL COMM 2ND QUARTER ORAL COMM MS. MENDOZA | 1ST SEMESTER Demographic TOPIC OVERVIEW A. Principles of Writing ★ Age a. Choosing the t...

Propr ORAL COMM 2ND QUARTER ORAL COMM MS. MENDOZA | 1ST SEMESTER Demographic TOPIC OVERVIEW A. Principles of Writing ★ Age a. Choosing the topic ★ Gender b. Analyzing your audience ★ Culture c. Sourcing information ★ Religion d. Organizing a speech ★ Group Membership e. Outlining a speech ★ Education B. Parts of a Speech ★ Occupation a. Introduction b. Body Psychographic Analysis c. Conclusion C. Speech Types ★ Values a. Purpose ★ Opinions i. Speech according to ★ Attitudes Purpose ★ Beliefs b. Delivery ★ Pre-existing notions about you c. Tips for Effective Impromptu Speech ★ Pre-existing notions about the topic D. Fallacy ★ Interest and needs E. Principles of Making Audiovisual aids F. Listening Situational Analysis Principles of Writing ★ Size ★ Occasion ★ Voluntary Refers to the different steps that need to be ★ captive undertaken by the speaker in order to deliver a ★ Physical Settings well prepared speech 2.0 Sourcing Information 1.0 Choosing the topic S - Seek reliable references 1. Timely P - Provide Supporting information a. Is it sensible at the moment? E - Extract important points 2. Relatable E - Ethical information must be sought a. Will my audience have even a little C - Cite sources background information about my H - Head-start with good note taking topic? b. How knowledgeable am I of the topic? 3. Interesting 2.1 Organizing a Speech a. Is it appealing from my perspective? ★ Identify your purpose 1.1 Analyzing your Audience ❖ General purpose Inform, persuade, entertain, and Finding out information with regards to your inspire audience ❖ Specific purpose The more information you are able to gather from Main idea your target the more you will able to come up with a ❖ Key points to discuss speech that caters your audience 2.2 Outlining a Speech ❖ Demographic General profile of your audience Outline is a draft or blueprint ❖ Psychographic You don’t have to write your entire script, you Perceptions of your audience only have to plan or a jist of your speech ❖ Situational Environment or setting NIKKI 11HA-14 NOTES 1  SPEECH Parts of a Speech End with a thought or provoking statement 1.0 Introduction Speech Types A preview or attention getter 1.0 Purpose Start your introduction with a bang Directs the audience towards the purpose Intention or the reason of the speaker in delivering the speech Introduction Techniques Different Purpose Styles ★ Ask rhetorical questions ○ Have you ever experienced barely ★ Expository enough hours of sleep due to petas? ★ Cite a Bibliographical Passage - To inform, to educate the audience about a ○ When God created the world He particular topic, have to answer the WH rested on the seventh day how about questions the students… ★ Inspirational ★ Use a quote - To motivate or uplift one's emotion ○ “I've heard that hard work never killed ★ Persuasive anyone, but i say why rake the - To call for action chance” - Ronald Reagan ★ Sing lines/recite a poem ★ Special occasions ○ We don’t talk anymore - Try to honor someone or an important event ★ Tell an anecdote ○ Humorous stories about your sabaw Speech According to Purpose moments ★ Use a startling statement ○ Based on a recent survey, the Expository Philippines, despite changing its curriculum to be at par with its Expository neighboring countries, is still lagging ○ Speaking to increase audience’s behind in terms of its education quality understanding, sustain interest on a ★ Use a narrative topic and increase recall ○ Tell a short story about a person you know experiences problems with too 1. Speeches of Definition much peta You have to assume that your audience that they don’t have any idea 1.1 Body about the topic Give the most basic information about the topic Contains the main points Answers the question, WHAT Expounds the main points with examples, Ex: What is 3D printing? evidences, arguments, or illustrations 2. Speeches of Demonstration / Process Recall key points Answers the question, HOW Provide details to discuss each points Give the different steps and ways that Use transitions we will undergo to achieve something / to reach certain results 1.1 Conclusion Ex: How to apply for a scholarship in UST? Summarizes all key points 3. Speeches of Description Recaps important points Appeals to our senses A clincher/leaves something to think of Uses adjectives You should leave something to your audience Ex: The fragrance of flowers Something you could reflect on 4. Speeches of Explanation Going to tell your audience why Summarize key points something exists Provide insights of the implication of your Answers the question WHY speech Ex: Why is the sky blue? NIKKI 11HA-14 NOTES 2  SPEECH Persuasive - Delivered word by word from memory ★ Impromptu To convince people - The speaker comes up with a speech on the To change their attitudes on an issue through dot a transmitted message in an atmosphere of - Important to have an attention getter free choice - Thesis statement or main idea - Response Study of Claims - Example - Memorable conclusion 1. Propositions of Fact ★ Extemporaneous Types of arguments that we use, we - The speaker is given a few minutes to prepare need evidence and proof Ex: Intense internet exposure gravely before a delivery affects teenager’s mental health 2. Propositions of Value 2.0 Tips for Effective Impromptu Speech Arguments and claims based on our opinion, not factual Remember some fall-safe methods or ready templates Ex: The end justifies the means for your impromptu speeches 3. Propositions of Policy Arguments we use to challenge an existing law or policy 1. Make use of the PREP method Proposing a law or policy 2. Focus on answering the-WH questions Ex: UST should provide more parking 3. Frame your answers by talking about the past, space present, and future 4. Start by talking briefly about the issue, provide Persuasive the pros and cons ETHOS Logical Fallacies Appeals to credibility You have to look and sound convincing 1.0 Fallacy PATHOS A statement that appears correct but wrong if analyzed Appeals to emotions and ideals of your audience 1.1 Types of Fallacies Use your audience’s imaginations ARGUMENTUM AD HOMINEM LOGOS Translates to “Argument to the person / Against the person” Appeals to logic and reasoning Attack on the person rather than the argument Have evidences and facts or issue 1.1 Delivery Ex. The person running for mayor should not be voted because he is ugly The manner of how the speech was delivered Speeches according to execution ★ ARGUMENTUM AD VERECUNDIAM Translates to argument or appeal to authority Different Delivery Styles Use of person’s authority expertise or popularity to make assertion more credible ★ Manuscript Ex. It’s okay to use Brand Y because Taylor Swift - The speaker has a copy of the script during believes in this product speech - Reading from a prepared speech ★ ARGUMENTUM AD MISCERICORDIAM ★ Memorized Translates to argument from pity - The speaker knows the speech by heart Use of pity or sympathy or simply appealing to NIKKI 11HA-14 NOTES 3  SPEECH emotion Why Are They Helpful? Ex. Students should not fain in any course because We learn and retain their parents are working hard to send them to school 10% of what we learn is what we read 20% is based on what we hear ★ ARGUMENTUM AD POPULUM 30% is based on what we see Translates to argument to popularity 50% is based on what we see and hear Believing that the majority is always right Bandwagon mentality 1.1 3 Types of Presentation Aids Ex. The SHS students should no longer have classes on the day of Paskuhan since almost all of other ★ Visual colleges have already canceled theirs These are the tangible things that appeal to our sense of sight ★ ARGUMENTUM AD IGNORANTIAM Ex. Photographs, Graphs, Slides, Models, Absence of knowledge on an issue is used Handouts, Maps, and Posters against the person to make a statement ★ Audio correct These are the type of presentation aids that The lack of evidence, proves that it is real appeals to the sense of hearing Ex. Sound, Podcast, Interviews, Speeches Ex. No one has ever proven that aliens don’t exist, so ★ Audiovisual they must be real Combination of visuals and audio Ex. Youtube and Disk ★ FALLACY OF POST HOC; ERGO, PROPTER HOC 2.0 Characteristics of A Good Audiovisual Translates to “After this, therefore, because of this….” Relevant Connecting one event to another when there Appropriate may be no connection at all Appealing Readable Ex. I crossed at red light, and then I got a headache. Varied Therefore, red lights give you headache. 2.1 Advantages of Using Presentation Aids ★ FALLACY OF COMPLEX QUESTION Something that appears to only have one question where there could be two or more Serves as memory aid There is a hidden set of questions within one Guide one’s speech delivery question Capture’s audience’s attention Aids learning Ex. Why are you always late to meetings? Sustains interest ★ FALLACY OF PETITIO PRINCIPII Do’s and Dont’s in Audiovisual Aids The thing to be proved is the one asserted as true ★ DO’s The argument goes in circle ○ Use appropriate color and images ○ Label charts and graphs Ex. I believe in ghosts because I have seen one ○ Keep the text short and simple ○ Rehearse ○ Talk to your audience, avoid staring Principles of Making Audiovisual Aids too long at the presentation aid ○ Have a back up plan ★ DONT’S 1.0 Presentation Aids ○ Experiment with fonts and colors ○ Use flashing and distracting elements Supplements in your actual speech ○ Fill a slide with too much information Enhances your audience’s understanding because you are appealing them with tools ○ Simply recite your slides NIKKI 11HA-14 NOTES 4  SPEECH Listening Learning through conversations with a speaker RELATIONSHIP WRITING - 9% Getting the trust of the speaker LISTENING - 45% 1.1 Keys for Effective Listening HEARING - hearing 1. Stop talking LISTENING - beyond and bigger than hearing 2. Control your surroundings 3. Keep an open mind 4. Listen for main points 1.0 12 Types of Listening 5. Provide feedback 6. Capitalize on lag time 7. Listen between the lines DISCRIMINATIVE 8. Judge ideas and not appearances 9. Hold your fire Identifying sound and differences 10. Take selective notes COMPREHENSION 2.0 Irritating Making sense of what is heard 1. Interrupting the speaker CRITICAL 2. Not looking at the speaker 3. Rushing the speaker Identifying truths from fallacies 4. Showing interest in something other than the conversation 5. Finishing the speaker’s thoughts EVALUATIVE 6. Not responding to the speaker’s request 7. Saying “Yes, but...” Choosing a stand after critical listening 8. Topping the speaker’s story 9. Forgetting what was talked about previously INFORMATIVE 10. Asking too many question about details Listening to learn something new 2.1 Listening Process BIASED 1. Receiving - Listening Taking in only what the listener agrees to 2. Perceiving - Decoding 3. Interpreting - Analyse APPRECIATIVE 4. Responding - Feedback Taking in anything that appeals to listener’s sense of beauty SYMPATHETIC Knowing what the speaker feels EMPATHIC Understanding what the speaker feels THERAPEUTIC Doing something about the speaker’s feeling DIALOGIC NIKKI 11HA-14 NOTES 5