I/O Psychology Lecture Notes PDF

Introduction to I/O Psychology Industrial or Organizational or Occupational Psychology  What is Organization Psychology? 2 Industrial or Organizational or Occupational Psychology  Organization Psychology...

Introduction to I/O Psychology Industrial or Organizational or Occupational Psychology  What is Organization Psychology? 2 Industrial or Organizational or Occupational Psychology  Organization Psychology 3 As a specialty area, I /O psychology has a more restricted definition than psychology as a whole. Many years ago Blum and Naylor (1968) defined it as “Simply the application or extension of psychological facts and principles to the problems concerning human beings operating within the context of business and industry” OR An area of scientific study and professional practice that addresses psychological concepts and principles in the work world or Industrial  4 There are 54 divisions of the American Psychological Association, representing different sub-disciplines (APA, 2021). The 14th division is known as the Society for Industrial and Organizational (I-O) Psychology, which covers practice in all types of organizational and workplace settings. The division focuses on skills assessment, leadership development, staff management, teamwork, occupational health and safety, diversity in the workplace, and work-life balance. Figure 1-1 shows the main work settings of I /O Psychologists. 5  “ Application of Knowledge 6 I /O psychology—the professional side—is concerned with the application of knowledge to solve real problems in the world of work. I /O psychologists can use research findings to hire better employees, reduce absenteeism, improve communication, increase job satisfaction, and solve countless other problems.  Fields of I /O Psychology Selection and Placement. Training and Development. Performance Appraisal Organization Development Quality of Work life Ergonomics- designing tools, equipment, and machines that are compatible with human skills. 7  History of I/O Psychology Industrial or Organizational or Occupational Psychology  9 The Early Years (1900 –1916) The term industrial psychology was apparently used for the first time in Bryan’s 1904 article. Ironically, it appeared in print only as a typographical error. Bryan was quoting a sentence he had written five years earlier (Bryan & Harter, 1899), in which he spoke of the need for more research in individual psychology. Instead, Bryan wrote “industrial psychology” and did not catch his mistake. Walter Dill Scott- Worked on applying psychology to advertising. Published two books: The Theory of Advertising (1903) The Psychology of Advertising (1908). During World War I, Scott was instrumental in the application of personnel procedures in the army.  10 Frederick W. Taylor Book- The Principles of Scientific Management 1. Science over rule of thumb 2. Scientific selection and training, 3. Cooperation over individualism, 4. Equal division of work best suited to management and employees. Lillian Moller Gilbreth. Focuses on human aspects of time management.  11 Hugo Münsterberg. His book Psychology and Industrial Efficiency (1913) was divided into three parts: Selecting workers Designing work situations Using psychology in sales. World War I (1917–1918) APA Army Alpha Test An intelligence test developed during World War I by I/O psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel. Army Beta Test A nonverbal intelligence test developed during World War I by I/O psychologists to assess illiterate recruits.  12 Between the Wars (1919 –1940) Hawthorne studies - change or improve in behavior because it is being evaluated or studied A series of research studies that began in the late 1920s at the Western Electric Company and ultimately refocused the interests of I/O psychologists on how work behavior manifests itself in an organizational context. World War II (1941–1945) Army General Classification Test (AGCT) A test developed during World War II by I/O psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel. Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) A test developed in the 1980s by I/O psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel.  13 The Information Age (1994 –Present) Electronic communication (like the Internet) has revolutionized business and customer-oriented service. The concept of “e-business” entails networks of suppliers, distributors, and customers who make products and render services by exchanging information online (Pearlman & Barney, 2000).  “ 14 Summary Revision of the lecture