Obstetric & Gynecological Glossary PDF

Obstetric &Gynecological Glossary Prepared By :- AL:-Manal Salah Abd El Halim  obstetrics and gynecology A branch of medicine that specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth and in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female repro...

Obstetric &Gynecological Glossary Prepared By :- AL:-Manal Salah Abd El Halim  obstetrics and gynecology A branch of medicine that specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth and in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive organs Internal Reproductive System  Pregnancy is the term used to describe the period in which a fetus develops inside a woman's womb or uterus. Pregnancy usually lasts about 40 weeks, or just over 9 months, as measured from the last menstrual period to delivery  Fertilization& conception fertilization”—the moment when the father’s DNA combines with the mother’s DNA within the egg “conception” the processes that occur from fertilization through embryo implantation in the womb  Menstruation Menstruation, or period, is normal vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle. Every month, your body prepares for pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the uterus, or womb, sheds its lining. The menstrual blood is partly blood and partly tissue from inside the uterus  LMP&EDD LMP :-last menstrual period Definition. The date of the first day of the most recent menstrual cycle EDD:- Estimated date of delivery= date of the first day for recent menstrual cycle +7days +9months EX:-LMP:-15 - 8-2024 EDD= 7 + 9 = 22-5-2025  Antenatal Care Antenatal care or prenatal care refers to healthcare provided from the start of pregnancy until the day the baby is delivered. Prenatal care should begin as soon as you find out the women are pregnant.  Para& Gravida Gravidity (gravida) is the number of times woman has been pregnant. This includes a current pregnancy. Abortion is a procedure to end a pregnancy before 24 w. It's also sometimes known as a termination of pregnancy Parity (para) is the number of times a woman has given birth to a viable child Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) is the medical term for a fetus that dies at or after the 20th week or second trimester of gestation. Stillbirth:- when a baby dies in the womb during labor and birth or through 24 hours  Different types of pregnancy INTRAUTERINE PREGNANCY (NORMAL PREGNANCY) A normal pregnancy develops favorably when the embryo correctly implants into the lining of the uterus. High Risk Pregnancy MULTIPLE PREGNANCY ECTOPIC PREGNANCY MOLAR Pregnancy  High Risk Pregnancy Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is the development of new hypertension in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks' without the presence of protein in the urine or other signs of pre-eclampsia. Preeclampsia a serious blood pressure condition that develops during pregnancy. women with preeclampsia often have high blood pressure (hypertension), high levels of protein in their urine (proteinuria) and edema. Preeclampsia usually develops after the 20th week of pregnancy. Eclampsia preeclampsia develops seizures (convulsions) during pregnancy Oligohydramnios An inadequate volume of amniotic fluid, Polyhydramnios an increase in the amniotic fluid in pregnancy  Fetal Lie the angle of the fetus in relation to the mother and the uterus  Fetal presentation refers to the part of the fetus's body that leads the way out through the birth canal (called the presenting part). Usually, the head  Fetal Position Position refers to whether the fetus is facing backward (occiput anterior) or forward (occiput posterior). The occiput is a bone at the back of the baby's head.  Moulding it’s the case where the fetal skull bones is overlapped to decrease head diameter to pass through the birth canal  Fetal engagement when the widest part of the baby's head has entered the pelvis  Fetal attitude describes the relation of the parts of baby's body with each other. The head is tucked down to the chest. The arms and legs are drawn in towards the center of the chest.  Fetal Station Refers to the relation between the presenting part and ischial spine  Labor pain Pain during labor is caused by contractions of the muscles of the uterus and by pressure on the cervix. This pain can be felt as strong cramping in the abdomen, groin, and back  Cervical dilatation &effacement Cervical crowning  Labor Labor is a physiologic process during which the fetus, membranes, umbilical cord, and placenta are expelled from the uterus  Preterm& Post term labor Preterm labor is labor occurring between after 20 and before 37 weeks gestation. Post term pregnancy is a pregnancy that extends to 42 weeks of gestation or beyond.  First stage of labor Begins with regular uterine contractions and ends with complete cervical dilatation at 10 cm Divided into a latent phase and an active phase The latent phase begins with mild, irregular uterine contractions that soften and shorten the cervix The active phase usually begins at about 3-4 cm of cervical dilation and is characterized by rapid cervical dilation and descent of the presenting fetal part  Second stage of labor Begins with complete cervical dilatation and ends with the delivery of the fetus In nulliparous woman, the second stage should be considered prolonged if it exceeds 2 hours In multiparous persons, the second stage should be considered prolonged if it exceeds 1 hours.  Third stage of labor The period between the delivery of the fetus and the delivery of the placenta and fetal membranes Delivery of the placenta often takes less than 10 minutes, but the third stage may last as long as 30 minutes  Fourth stage of labor The first hours after deliver  Lochia Lochia is the vaginal discharge after the woman giving birth. It contains a mix of blood, mucus and uterine tissue. Its like menstrual period discharge and can last several weeks. Lochia is heavy at first but gradually subsides to a lighter flow until it goes away  Colostrum Colostrum is the first form of breastmilk that is released by the mammary glands after giving birth.  After Pain pains that follow the termination of labor and are associated with contraction of the uterus toward its nonpregnant size