NSTP G1 Midterm PDF

Citizenship Training: Bill of Rights NSTP MODULE 2: LESSON 1 At the end of the lesson, the students should do the following: 1. Define the Bill of Rights, 2. Explain the importance of the Bill of Rights, 3. Define Constitution, 4. Identify the Citizens of the...

Citizenship Training: Bill of Rights NSTP MODULE 2: LESSON 1 At the end of the lesson, the students should do the following: 1. Define the Bill of Rights, 2. Explain the importance of the Bill of Rights, 3. Define Constitution, 4. Identify the Citizens of the Philippines, and 5. Explain the duties and obligations of citizens. Introduction A bill of rights is a list of the most important rights of the citizens of a country. It is sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights. The purpose is to protect those rights against infringement from public officials and private citizens.  The bill of rights is an express constitutional enumeration of Bill of Rights the rights guaranteed by the State to all persons within its territory, regardless of citizenship, sex race color or creed. According to Thomas Jefferson (1787) “it is what are people are entitled to against any government on earth, general or particular, and what no government should refuse or rest on inference.” The purpose of a Bill of Rights is to withdraw certain subjects from the vicissitudes of political controversy, to place them beyond the reach of majorities and officials and to establish them as legal principles to be applied by the courts. Because one’s right to life, liberty and property, to free speech, a free press, freedom of worship and assembly, and other fundamental rights may not be submitted to vote; they Wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1787, when depend on the outcome of no elections. As Mr. Justice found out that the constitution has no bill of Laurel (Oct. 5, 1986) aptly puts it: “There is no Constitution rights. worthy of its name without a bill or declaration of rights.” Section 1: No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process, nor denied equal protection of the law. Section 2: People have the right to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures. A search or arrest warrant requires probable cause, determined by a judge based on sworn testimony. Section 3: The privacy of communication and correspondence is protected, except by lawful court order. Any evidence obtained in violation of privacy or unreasonable search laws is inadmissible in court. Section 4: Freedom of speech, expression, press, peaceful assembly, and petitioning the government cannot be restricted. Section 5: Laws cannot restrict religious freedom or discriminate based on religion. No religious test is required for exercising civil or political rights. Section 6: The right to choose and change one's residence and the right to travel are protected, except for reasons of national security, public safety, or health. Section 7: People have the right to access public information, including official records, subject to legal limitations. Section 8: The right to form unions or associations for lawful purposes cannot be abridged. Section 9: Private property can only be taken for public use with just compensation. Section 10: No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. Section 11: Free access to courts and legal assistance cannot be denied due to poverty. Section 12 Anyone under investigation for a crime must be informed of their right to remain silent and to have a lawyer, preferably of their choosing. If they can't afford one, the state must provide legal counsel. These rights can only be waived in writing and in the presence of a lawyer. Torture, violence, threats, or intimidation are strictly prohibited, and no secret or isolated detention is allowed. Any confession obtained through illegal means is inadmissible in court. The law provides penalties for violating these rights and offers compensation to victims of torture and their families. Section 13: Bail is a right except in severe cases, and it can’t be excessive. Even in tough situations, most people can await trial outside jail. Section 14: No one can be charged with a crime without due process. In criminal cases, the accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty and has the right to a defense. This includes the right to be informed of the charges, have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, confront witnesses, and bring their own evidence. If the accused does not show up to trial without a valid reason after being properly notified, the trial can continue in their absence. Section 15: The writ of habeas corpus can only be suspended in cases of invasion or rebellion for public safety. Section 16: All cases should be resolved swiftly by judicial or administrative bodies. Section 17: No one can be forced to testify against themselves. Section 18: No person can be detained for their political beliefs, and involuntary servitude is prohibited unless as punishment for a crime. Section 19: Excessive fines and cruel or degrading punishment are prohibited. The death penalty can only be imposed for heinous crimes if Congress reinstates it, and existing death sentences are reduced to life imprisonment. Prisoners must be treated humanely, and substandard prison conditions or harsh punishments will be addressed by law. Section 21: No one can be tried twice for the same offense (double jeopardy). Section 22: Ex post facto laws (retroactive laws) and bills of attainder (legislative punishment without trial) are prohibited.  DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FILIPINO CITIZEN What is the Constitution of the Philippines? The Constitution of the Philippines may be defined as that written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited, and defined and by which these powers are distributed among the several departments or branches for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the people Who are Citizens of the Philippines? Section 1 of the Philippine Constitution provides that the following are citizens of the Philippines: 1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution; 2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines; 3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine Citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and 4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law. What are the Duties and Obligations of Citizens? We have to realize that for every right we are enjoying as enumerated in the Bill of Rights of the Philippine Constitution, there is a corresponding obligation. There will be no chaos in our society if only everybody will perform his or her duties and obligations. What are the Duties and Obligations of Citizens? 1. To be loyal to the Republic. This means that we have faith and confidence in the Republic and love for and devotion to the country. We have to be proud being Filipinos, respect our customs, traditions, language and institutions. Our country is considered our home, the home of our forefathers who fought for our country against the invaders, the home of our children and grandchildren, the seat of our affections, and the source of our happiness and well-being. What are the Duties and Obligations of Citizens? 2. To defend the State. Considering the fact that our country is our home, it is our prime duty to love and defend the state at all costs regardless of our creed, religious beliefs, and wisdom. 90 Loving one’s country can be shown not by words but by deeds. It should be a continuous flame of love considering the fact that we receive benefits and protection from the State of which we are a part. In return, it is our primary and honorable duty to defend it against any peril whether from within or from without. (Art. II, Sec. 3). What are the Duties and Obligations of Citizens? 3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the State. We are a part of the State and we directly receive the benefits from the government in the form of infrastructure, peace and order, etc. In return, how can we contribute to the development and welfare of the State? We can do this in the form of paying our taxes willingly and promptly, by helping maintain peace and order, conserving natural resources, the promotion of social justice by suggesting supportive measures beneficial to the people as a whole, by patronizing local products and trade and by engaging in productive work. What are the Duties and Obligations of Citizens? 4. To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws. It is our prime obligation to uphold the Constitution and obey the laws. If the people would disregard them, our country would collapse and we will not have peace and order. What are the Duties and Obligations of Citizens? 5. To cooperate with duly constituted authorities. In every organization, there is always a leader to manage the affairs of all the constituents. If the members will not cooperate, we can never expect to become successful in all the undertakings that our government would like to do for the good of its citizens. Our country is considered our home, the home of our forefathers who fought for our country against the invaders, the home of our children and grandchildren, the seat of our affections, and the source of our happiness and well-being What are the Duties and Obligations of Citizens? 6. To exercise rights responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others. No man is an island and we have to live with others. In the exercise of our rights, we have to see to it that we also respect the rights of other people. If we do this, we can expect harmonious relationship among members of the society. 91 Loving one’s country can be shown not by words but by deeds. It should be a continuous flame of love considering the fact that we receive benefits and protection from the State of which we are a part. In return, it is our primary and honorable duty to defend it against any peril whether from within or from without. (Art. II, Sec. 3). What are the Duties and Obligations of Citizens? 7. To engage in gainful work. It is stated in the Bible that if we want to eat, we have to work. It is our obligation as citizens of our country to become productive, by engaging in gainful work so that we can provide the basic needs of our family and ourselves as well. As cited by de Leon (1989), “The essence of life is work. Every citizen should bear in mind that only by hard and sustained work can men and nations live and survive. National greatness never springs from the cult of ease or selfcomplacency, but from the crucible of grim struggle and patient industry.” What are the Duties and Obligations of Citizens? 8. To register and vote. It is our prime duty as citizens of the Philippines to register and vote. Suffrage is both a privilege and a duty, which every qualified citizen must perform. It is not sufficient to just register and vote, but it is coupled with intellectual judgment during election. We have to consider the different political issues presented by different candidates, so that, at least, we can choose the best person to manage government affairs. Conclusion The Bill of Rights serves as a vital instrument to protect fundamental freedoms and civil liberties, ensuring that individuals are shielded from potential government overreach. It upholds rights such as due process, freedom of speech, and protection against unreasonable searches and cruel punishments, affirming the value of human dignity and justice. As a core part of any Constitution, the Bill of Rights is designed to prevent certain basic freedoms from becoming subject to political whims or the majority's will. These rights ensure that everyone, regardless of background, enjoys essential legal protections, fostering a just and equitable society where the rule of law prevails over oppression and inequality. It highlights the reciprocal responsibilities of citizens to respect and exercise these rights responsibly, contributing to the overall stability and well-being of the nation.  GROUP 1 SHAN ALDAMA C-JAY ANDRADE SUZAINE DARGANTES THANK ANNALIZA DECAYMAN ALCEN FERIAS CATH GABIANA YOU MEISHA ANGELICA GABRIEL LLOYD LANCE INABAYAN ABIGAIL JACINTO KHIA LENTERIA HARVEY AMADOR LLAGA ZACHARY ALBERT