Navigation_Reviewer1.pdf

NAVIGATION (NAV1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 PRELIMINARY EXAM REVIEWER ❖ Electronic Chart Display and Information (ECDIS)...

NAVIGATION (NAV1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 PRELIMINARY EXAM REVIEWER ❖ Electronic Chart Display and Information (ECDIS) NAVIGATIONOAL EQUIPMENT → Provides a digital alternative to traditional paper charts for navigation ❖ Global Positioning System (GPS) → Integrates position information from GPS, → Navigation system that allows ships and other heading sensors, speed logs, etc. vessels to determine their precise location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) anywhere on POSITIONING REQUIREMENT Earth Unobstructed scanning → Relies on a network of satellites orbiting the Clear view and access Earth No interference POSITIONING REQUIREMENT CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION Unobstructed view Adequate backup arrangements shall be provided, Have adequate space such as a second ECDIS or paper charts No interference Must be kept up-to-date and display the latest available information CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION Ships must install two independent GPS receivers to ❖ Radio Detection and Ranging (RDAR) ensure redundancy and reliability in position → Navigational tool used onboard ships to GPS equipment should be integrated with other detect and track other vessels, land masses, navigational systems onboard, such as ECDIS and AIS and obstacles → Uses radio waves ❖ Automatic Identification System (AIS) → Automated tracking system that enables vessels POSITIONING REQUIREMENT to exchange information about their position, Clear view ahead identity, course, and speed with other ships and Unobstructed scanning shore stations No interference → Senses and receives short safety messages → Can be use for communication CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION → Uses radio frequencies Radar antenna should be installed to minimize blind sectors and avoid interference from other POSITIONING REQUIREMENT structures or equipment Unobstructed view Radar should be integrated with other Have adequate space navigational aids such as AIS and ECDIS No interference ❖ Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA) CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION → ARPA automatically tracks multiple targets AIS unit must be connected to a reliable power source, detected by the ship's radar, calculating including an emergency power supply their course, speed, and closest point of AIS should be integrated with other onboard approach (CPA) to assess collision risks navigational systems, such as radar and ECDIS → Provides alarms for dangerous targets Make a significant change 1 - MC NAVIGATION (NAV1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 PRELIMINARY EXAM REVIEWER POSITIONING REQUIREMENT ❖ Doppler Log Clear view ahead → Measures the speed and distance of a ship Unobstructed scanning through the water using the Doppler effect No interference POSITIONING REQUIREMENT CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION Unobstructed View Should be integrated with the ship's radar Adequate space ARPA must have the capability to automatically No interference acquire and track a minimum of 20 targets simultaneously CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION Transducer should be mounted below the ❖ Course Recorder waterline → Automatically records the course of the Transducer must be securely fastened to the vessel of the ship vessel's hull POSITIONING REQUIREMENT ❖ Electromagnetic Log Securely mounted → Measures the electromotive force (EMF) Easy access for maintenance induced in seawater No interference POSITIONING REQUIREMENT CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION Unobstructed View Course recorder should be connected to a Adequate space gyrocompass or a remote magnetic compass No interference Device must be installed in a location that is easily accessible for monitoring and maintenance, CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION typically on the bridge Transducer should be mounted below the waterline ❖ Echo Sounder Transducer must be securely fastened to the → Used to determine the depth of water vessel's hull POSITIONING REQUIREMENT ❖ Magnetic Compass Unobstructed View → Navigational instrument used onboard ships Adequate space to determine the vessel's heading relative to No interference the Earth's magnetic field → Points to the magnetic North CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION Transducer should be mounted at an appropriate POSITIONING REQUIREMENT depth below the waterline Clear View Display unit must be installed in a location that is Free from interference easily visible to the operator while not obstructing Corrective measures the view of navigational aids Make a significant change 2 - MC NAVIGATION (NAV1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 PRELIMINARY EXAM REVIEWER CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION Master Control Stations → Must be housed in a suitable binnacle Uploading Stations → Should be installed as far as possible from Monitor Stations magnetic materials and electrical equipment to 3. User Segment minimize interference → Receive satellite signals → Translating data from satellite to display ❖ Gyro Compass for user → Instrument onboard ships that provide accurate heading information SATELLITE-BASED POSITIONING SERVICES PROVIDES US → Utilizing the principles of gyroscopic motion SOME SERVICES: rather than relying on the Earth's magnetic ❖ Location field ❖ Navigation ❖ Tracking POSITIONING REQUIREMENT ❖ Mapping Clear View ❖ Timing Free from interference Corrective measures LATITUDE CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION → Measured from 0° at the Equator to 90° → On vessels of 75 m in length and over, a gyro → Uses South (S) and North (N) as a direction repeater or repeaters shall be provided → 00 00’ 00” → Should be installed with its fore and aft datum → Equator lines parallel to the vessel's fore and aft datum line to within ±0.5° LONGHITUDE → Measured from 0° at the Prime Meridian to 180° GNSS → Uses East (E) and West (W) as a direction → 000 000’ 000” → Prime Meridian Global Navigation Satellite System → A network of satellites that provide precise positioning, navigation, and timing information to COVERSION vessels FROM DD-MM.MM to DD-MM-SS COMPONENTS OF GNSS 1. From 34-56.78, take 56.78. 1. Space Segment 2. Multiply 0.78 by 60 to get the seconds: → Consists of the satellites that orbit the Earth 0.78×60=46.8 seconds0.78×60=46.8 seconds → Transmitting signals 3. Thus, you have 34 degrees, 56 minutes, and 2. Control Segment approximately 47 seconds (rounded). → Ground-based stations that monitor the 4. The final result would be 34° 56' 47" satellites, manage their orbits, and ensure the accuracy of the signals FROM DD-MM-SS to DD-MM.MM → Comprises of a ground-based network: 1. From 34° 56' 47", the minutes are 56. Make a significant change 3 - MC NAVIGATION (NAV1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 PRELIMINARY EXAM REVIEWER 2. Convert the seconds into minutes by dividing by 60: 1. Locate Latitude Decimal Minutes=Minutes+(Seconds/60) → On the left or right side of the chart, find Decimal Minutes=56+(47/60) ≈56+0.7833≈56.7833 the latitude scale. Locate your latitude 3. The final result for our example would be 34- coordinate and place your finger at that 56.7833. position along the scale. 2. Locate Longitude DATUM → Scan the top or bottom of the chart to find the longitude scale. Place your other finger → Reference system used to define the position of at the corresponding longitude coordinate. points on the Earth's surface 3. Mark the Intersection → Sweep your fingers horizontally along the latitude line and vertically along the UKC longitude line until they intersect. This point represents your position on the chart. Under Keel Clearance → Vertical distance between the lowest point of a ship's hull (the keel) and the seabed or bottom of the waterway MEASURING UKC AT NAV → Measure the vertical distance from the keel to the seabed MEASURING UKC AT DBS → Measure the vertical distance from the waterline to the lowest point of the ship's hull (the keel). This is the ship's draft → Then add the measurement of the vertical distance from the keel to the seabed to ship’s draft HOW TO PLOT ON NAUTICAL CHART 4. Gather Tools → Ensure you have a nautical chart, a pencil, parallel rules, and dividers. 5. Obtain Coordinates → Write down your GPS latitude and longitude coordinates. Label each coordinate with N or S (for latitude) and E or W (for longitude) as appropriate. Make a significant change 4 - MC NAVIGATION (NAV1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 PRELIMINARY EXAM REVIEWER Make a significant change 5 - MC Make a significant change 6 - MC