NAHS 171 Lab Exam I Focus Points PDF

FALL 2024 NAHS 171 *LAB EXAM I FOCUS POINTS* **Your Lab Exam one on 10/28/24 will be no more than 50 questions and will cover the following modules:** A. Lab 1: Scientific Method B. Lab 2: Anatomy and Physiology Introduction C. Lab 3: Biology of the Cell D. Lab 4: Cellular Respiration E....

FALL 2024 NAHS 171 *LAB EXAM I FOCUS POINTS* **Your Lab Exam one on 10/28/24 will be no more than 50 questions and will cover the following modules:** A. Lab 1: Scientific Method B. Lab 2: Anatomy and Physiology Introduction C. Lab 3: Biology of the Cell D. Lab 4: Cellular Respiration E. Lab 6: Prep for Tissues F. Lab 7: DNA & RNA Review G. Lab 8: DNA & RNA Structures H. Lab 11: Integumentary System I. Lab 12: Integumentary System Dissection ***Detailed Focus Points by Lab Assignment*** **Lab 1: Scientific Method** - The scientific method is a process that involves the formation and testing of hypotheses. The scientific method usually involves at least four main steps: 1. Hypothesis 2. Experiment 3. Analysis 4. Conclusion - A hypothesis is a formulated statement of predicted behaviors. - A controlled experiment allows scientists to test hypotheses and to draw conclusions based on reproducible results. - A controlled experiment allows comparison between a control group and a test (experimental) group that has been exposed to an experimental factor (the variable). - In the analysis phase, the results of the experiment are examined for agreement with the hypothesis. Any differences that are observed between the two groups can be attributed to the effects of the experimental factor. - The conclusion includes a representation of the results and a discussion regarding the confirmation or rejection of the original hypothesis. **Lab 2: Anatomy and Physiology Introduction** - Define anatomy and physiology - The three basic questions that anatomy can answer: - Where is it? - What does it look like? - What is it called? - The three basic questions that physiology can answer: - What/why/how does it do it? - How is structure related to function and why do we study it together? - Structure dictates functions. - Be able to give some exams from your study of Anatomy & Physiology so far - Describe the levels of organization of the human body - Define the following: organelles, cell, tissue, organ, system - Know all eleven organ systems in the body that work together to compose a human - Define homeostasis - Explain homeostasis and negative feedback with one example - Explain homeostasis and positive feedback with one example - Recall that the disease state can occur when we get out of homeostatic range **Lab 3: Biology of the Cell** - Differentiate between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells - Be able to identify/describe these structures: cytoplasm, cell/plasma membrane, ribosomes, organelles, nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria **Lab 4: Cellular Respiration** - Define the following with examples: - Monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide - Define anaerobic and aerobic respiration - Be able to label this diagram/ and know the order these events Diagram Description automatically generated **Lab 6: Prep for Tissues** - Define hydrophilic and hydrophobic - Differentiate between hydrophilic and hydrophobic - Define acid and base - Define protein, carbohydrate, amino acid, enzyme and know the functions of each - Define diffusion, exocytosis and cell division - hydrophilic and hydrophobic - Describe and be able to identify tissue types  **Lab 7: DNA & RNA Review** - Define cytology - Define permeability - Identify and define the plasma membrane its structure and function Graphical user interface, application Description automatically generated - Define apoptosis - Review all steps in order for DNA replication **Lab 8: DNA & RNA Structures** - Know the similarities and difference between DNA and RNA - Explain the role of DNA and the role of RNA **Lab 11: Integumentary System** - Describe and be able to identify the 5 cells of the epidermis - Identify the layers in the skin and the function of each layer - Summarize the barrier function of the skin - Describe the stratum corneum - No concept resources available - Define exfoliation - Describe dandruff - Differentiate between thick skin and thin skin - Describe the structural role of keratin - Define atrophy, necrosis and apoptosis **Lab 12: Integumentary System Dissection** - Activity 1: Identify the following structures -- dermis, epidermis, hair, hypodermis - Activity 2: Identify the following structures -- nail body, lateral nail fold